Project Report of Environmental Pollution

T. Y. B. Sc. (Statistics) 2022 - 23 A PROJECT REPORT ON STUDY OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION OF JALGAON CITY Submitted to DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS In the partial fulfilment of T. Y. B. Sc. By YASH SUNIL BADGUJAR (LEADER) VILAS EKNATH UBHALE YOGESH YUVRAJ PATIL MONIKA SANJAY BADGUJAR NEHA NITIN PARMAR ANJALI NIRDOSH PATIL T. Y. B. Sc. (STATISTICS) Under the Guidance of Dr. K. G. KHADSE K. C. E. Society’s MOOLJI JAITHA COLLEGE, JALGAON 1|Page T. Y. B. Sc. (Statistics) 2022 - 23 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that project report entitled “The Study of Environmental Pollution of Jalgaon City” is bonafide work out by Yash Sunil Badgujar, Vilas Eknath Ubhale, Yogesh Yuvraj Patil, Monika Sanjay Badgujar, Neha Nitin Parmar, Anjali Nirdosh Patil students of T. Y. B. Sc. (STATISTICS), M. J. College, Jalgaon for the partial fulfilment of T.Y. B. Sc. Place: Jalgaon Date: Prof. Dr. K. G. Khadse Prof. Dr. K. G. Khadse Project Guide, Head of the Department of Statistics, M. J. College, Jalgaon M. J. College, Jalgaon 2|Page T. Y. B. Sc. (Statistics) 2022 - 23 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT No endeavor achieves success without the advice and the co-operation of others, the help of whom went a long way while working in this project. We are very glad to present project report on “The Study of Environmental Pollution of Jalgaon City” which is prepared as part of final year of graduation in science. With affirm belief that a guide in project is one, who holds candle in the maze of darkness, I take this opportunity to express my profound gratitude towards my project guide, Prof. Dr. K.G. Khadse who is an eminent teacher of our department and who has enacted the role of a torch in this endeavor. A project of such a comprehensive coverage could not have materialized without the systematic guidance of our guide and other teachers. We feel greatly delighted in expressing our immense gratitude towards constant encouragement, which greatly helped us in making this project a reality. We take this opportunity to sincerely thank Prof. Dr. K.G. Khadse, Head of the Department of Statistics, M.J. College, Jalgaon for his valuable guidance and suggestions. Also, we would like to thank all the teachers of our department for all possible help. Last but not the least we would like thank my family, friends and all others who were directly or indirectly related for giving suggestions and all possible help. Thank you everyone!!! Yash Sunil Badgujar Vilas Eknath Ubhale Yogesh Yuvraj Patil Monika Sanjay Badgujar Neha Nitin Parmar Anjali Nirdosh Patil Date: Place: Jalgaon 3|Page T. Y. B. Sc. (Statistics) 2022 - 23 DECLARATION BY THE STUDENT We declare that the project entitled- “The Study of Environmental Pollution of Jalgaon City”, submitted by us for the partial fulfilment of our Bachelor Degree of Science in Statistics during 2022-23 is our original work. We further declare that the analysis has been carried out based on secondary data collected from ‘ENVIRONMENTAL PROJECT REPORT OF JALGAON CITY, 2008’. Yash Sunil Badgujar Vilas Eknath Ubhale Yogesh Yuvraj Patil Monika Sanjay Badgujar Neha Nitin Parmar Anjali Nirdosh Patil Date: Place: Jalgaon 4|Page T. Y. B. Sc. (Statistics) 2022 - 23 INDEX Sr. No. Particulars Page No. 1. Introduction 6 2. Objective 7 3. Abstract Of Project 8 4. Motivation of Selecting the Topic 9 5. Statistical Term 10 6. Non-Statistical Term 13 7. Environment 15 8. Air Pollution 16 9. Noise Pollution 22 10. Water Pollution 29 11. Solid Waste 37 12. Bio-medical Waste 41 13. Conclusions 45 14. Limitations of project work 46 15. References & Software 47 5|Page T. Y. B. Sc. (Statistics) 2022 - 23 INTRODUCTION Environmental pollution is one of the most important factor which destroying the nature speedily. In daily life various types of pollution we face, like water pollution, air pollution, noise pollution, solid waste pollution. But these environmental pollutions are very dangerous for humans as well as other living-things and nature. So, our main motive should be to control the environmental pollution by applying various methods. Firstly, we should clarify that which type of pollution is there and what are effects of that pollution. So, we are making some statistical analysis about environmental pollution. 6|Page T. Y. B. Sc. (Statistics) 2022 - 23 OBJECTIVE The objective of statistical analysis of environmental pollution in a Jalgaon city is to assess and quantify and evaluate the potential health and environmental impacts on the population. The results of the statistical analysis can be used to inform policy decision, develop strategies for reducing pollution and monitor progress towards environmental goals. It can also help to raise public awareness of environmental issues and encourage individuals and organizations to take action to reduce their environmental footprints. 7|Page T. Y. B. Sc. (Statistics) 2022 - 23 ABSTRACT OF PROJECT The required information (data) of Jalgaon city has been taken from ‘ENVIRONMENTAL PROJECT REPORT OF JALGAON CITY, 2008’. There are five types of environmental pollution such as Air pollution, Noise pollution, Water pollution, Solid waste, Bio-medical waste. The different factors of different pollution are analyzed by different statistical methods, 1. Exploratory data analysis. 2. Correlation analysis. 3. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). 4. Capability indices. 5. Graphical representation. Finally, the analyzed data is interpreted and conclusions are drawn. It is hoped that project will help us to know about environmental pollution of Jalgaon city. 8|Page T. Y. B. Sc. (Statistics) 2022 - 23 MOTIVATION It is important to decrease environmental pollution which effects the nature, for that purpose we should completely know about pollution near you. So, we take a step ahead to analyze the environmental pollution and verify the different pollutants and check whether there is any pollution or not and if there is pollution then give the appropriate reason of that pollution. 9|Page T. Y. B. Sc. (Statistics) 2022 - 23 STATISTICAL TERM • EXPLORATORY DATA ANALYSIS: Definition: Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) is a method used in statistics to explore, analyze, and summarize data sets without making any assumptions or formal statistical tests. It involves visually examining data, calculating summary statistics, and using various graphical and numerical techniques to gain insights into the data. Purpose: The main purpose of EDA is to understand the data and uncover patterns or relationships that may not be readily apparent. EDA can help identify data quality issues, detect outliers, assess data distribution and variability, explore relationships between variables, and generate hypotheses for further investigation. Techniques: EDA involves several techniques, including data visualization, summary statistics, and data transformation. Some common techniques used in EDA include histograms, scatter plots, box plots, bar charts, descriptive statistics (mean, median, mode, standard deviation, etc.), and data transformations such as log transformations, normalization, or standardization. • CAPABILITY INDEX: Definition: Capability index is a numerical measure that quantifies the ability of a process to produce outputs that fall within the defined tolerance limits. It is calculated using process data and provides an assessment of how well a process is performing relative to the specification limits. Purpose: The purpose of capability index is to evaluate the ability of a process to consistently produce products or services that meet customer specifications. It helps identify if a process is capable of meeting the desired quality levels and if any improvements are needed to reduce variability and increase process capability. Calculation: Capability index is typically calculated using the formula Cp or Cpk, which takes into account the process spread and the distance between the process mean and the specification limits. Cp is calculated as the ratio of the tolerance width to the process spread, while Cpk also considers the process mean relative to the specification limits. Interpretation: With higher values indicating better process capability. A Cp or Cpk value of 1 indicates that the process is capable of meeting the specification limits, while values greater than 1 indicate that the process has potential to produce even better results. Values less than 1 indicate that the process may have issues meeting the specification limits and requires improvement. Importance: Capability index is a valuable tool in quality management and process improvement, as it helps assess the performance of a process in meeting customer requirements. It provides a quantitative measure of process capability, which can guide decision-making, prioritize improvement efforts, and monitor process performance over time. 10 | P a g e T. Y. B. Sc. (Statistics) 2022 - 23 Limitations: Capability index has some limitations, such as assuming normal distribution of process data, not considering process centering or process stability, and not capturing process performance beyond specification limits. It should be used in conjunction with other statistical process control tools and interpreted cautiously, considering the specific context of the process being assessed. Applications: Capability index is commonly used in manufacturing, engineering, and other industries where process capability and product quality are critical. It can also be applied in various business processes, such as customer service, supply chain management, and financial operations, to assess and improve process performance. • GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION: Graphical representation is an effective way to visually display data in statistics. Bar chart: A bar chart uses rectangular bars to represent data. It is used to compare different categories or groups of data. The height length of the bars represents the values or frequencies of the data. Scatter plot: A scatter plot uses dots to represent data points on a two-dimensional graph. It is used to display the relationship between two variables, with one variable plotted on the x-axis and the other on the y-axis. Scatter plots are useful for identifying patterns or correlations in data. Histogram: A histogram is a graphical representation of data that shows the distribution of values in a dataset. It uses bars to represent the frequency or count of values in different intervals or bins. Histograms are commonly used to visualize the shape, center, and spread of a dataset. Pie chart: A pie chart is a circular chart that is divided into slices to represent the proportion or percentage of different categories in a dataset. It is used to show the relative contribution or distribution of different categories in a whole. • ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE (ANOVA): ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) is a statistical technique used to compare means of three or more groups or treatments to determine if there are any statistically significant differences among them. ANOVA is commonly used in experimental research and is used to test hypotheses about group differences. Purpose: ANOVA is used to determine if there are any statistically significant differences among the means of three or more groups. It helps in identifying if there are any significant differences in the population means of the groups being compared. Assumptions: ANOVA assumes that the populations being compared have normal distributions, homogeneity of variances (i.e., the variances of the groups being compared are equal), and independence of observations. Violation of these assumptions may affect the validity of ANOVA results. Hypotheses: The null hypothesis (H0) in ANOVA assumes that there are no significant differences among the population means of the groups being compared, while 11 | P a g e T. Y. B. Sc. (Statistics) 2022 - 23 the alternative hypothesis (Ha) assumes that at least one group mean is significantly different from the others. Test Statistic: ANOVA calculates an F-statistic, which is the ratio of the variance between the group means to the variance within the groups. If the calculated F-statistic is greater than the critical value or the p-value is less than the chosen significance level (e.g., α = 0.05), then the null hypothesis is rejected, and it is concluded that there are significant differences among the group means. • CORRELATION ANALYSIS: Correlation analysis is a statistical technique used to determine the strength and direction of the relationship between two or more variables. It helps to understand how changes in one variable are associated with changes in another variable. Correlation analysis is commonly used in research and data analysis to examine the association between variables and make inferences about their relationship. Purpose: Correlation analysis is used to assess the degree and direction of association between two or more variables. It helps to determine if variables are positively correlated (increase in one variable is associated with an increase in another variable), negatively correlated (increase in one variable is associated with a decrease in another variable), or if there is no significant correlation between the variables. Pearson’s correlation coefficient: Pearson’s correlation coefficient, denoted by “r”, is a measure of the strength and direction of the linear relationship between two continuous variables. It ranges from -1 to 1, with -1 indicating a perfect negative correlation, 0 indicating no correlation, and 1 indicating a perfect positive correlation. The closer the value of “r” is to -1 or 1, the stronger the correlation, and the closer it is to 0, the weaker the correlation. Interpretation: The sign (positive or negative) and magnitude (absolute value) of the correlation coefficient “r” indicate the direction and strength of the association between variables. A positive correlation coefficient (r > 0) indicates that as one variable increases, the other variable also tends to increase. A negative correlation coefficient (r < 0) indicates that as one variable increases, the other variable tends to decrease. A correlation coefficient of 0 (r = 0) indicates no correlation or a very weak correlation between the variables. Assumptions: Correlation analysis assumes that the relationship between variables is linear, the variables are continuous, the data is normally distributed, and there is homoscedasticity (i.e., the variance of the variables is similar across all levels of the variables being compared). Violation of these assumptions may affect the validity of correlation analysis results. Causation vs. correlation: Correlation does not imply causation. A significant correlation between two variables does not necessarily mean that one variable causes change in the other variable. Correlation only indicates the strength and direction of the association between variables, and further research is needed to establish causation. 12 | P a g e T. Y. B. Sc. (Statistics) 2022 - 23 NON-STATISTICAL TERM • AIR QUALITY INDEX: Air Quality Index (AQI) is a measurement that indicates the quality of outdoor air and its potential impact on human health. It is calculated based on the concentration of air pollutants, such as particulate matter (PM), ground-level ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and carbon monoxide (CO), in the air. AQI is typically reported on a scale ranging from 0 to 500, with higher values indicating poorer air quality. AQI is categorized into different color-coded levels, such as Good, Moderate, Unhealthy, Very Unhealthy, and Hazardous, to indicate the severity of air pollution. Lower AQI values indicate better air quality, while higher AQI values indicate higher levels of air pollution and potential health risks. AQI is an important tool in environmental monitoring and public health management, as it helps raise awareness about the impact of air pollution on human health and promotes actions to reduce exposure to pollutants. It is used by government agencies, health organizations, and other stakeholders to inform policies, regulations, and public health advisories related to air quality. • WATER QUALITY INDEX: Water quality index (WQI) is a numerical indicator that provides an overall assessment of the quality of water based on various physical, chemical, and biological parameters. It is used to measure and communicate the quality of water for different purposes, such as drinking water, recreational water, and ecosystem health. Here is some key information about water quality index: Purpose: Water quality index is used to summarize and communicate complex water quality data in a simple, understandable format. It helps in evaluating the overall quality of water and identifying potential issues or trends in water quality over time. Parameters: Water quality index takes into account multiple parameters that are commonly measured in water quality assessments, such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, total suspended solids, nutrients (e.g., nitrogen and phosphorus), bacteria (e.g., E. coli), and other pollutants (e.g., heavy metals, pesticides). The specific parameters included in a water quality index may vary depending on the intended use and context of the assessment. Index calculation: Water quality index is typically calculated by assigning scores or ratings to individual water quality parameters based on predefined guidelines or standards. These scores are then combined using a weighted formula to calculate an overall index value. The weights assigned to each parameter in the index formula may vary depending on the relative importance of the parameters and the intended use of the water. Interpretation: The index value is usually presented on a scale or range, where higher values indicate better water quality and lower values indicate poorer water quality. 13 | P a g e T. Y. B. Sc. (Statistics) 2022 - 23 The interpretation of the index value may vary depending on the specific index used and the applicable standards or guidelines. In general, higher index values indicate better water quality, while lower index values indicate poorer water quality. 14 | P a g e T. Y. B. Sc. (Statistics) 2022 - 23 ENVIRONMENT “Environment is the sum of all social, economical, biological, physical or chemical factors which constitute the surroundings of man, who is both creator and moulder of his environment”. The term Environment, which etymologically means surroundings, is considered as a composite term for the conditions in which organism live and thus consists of air, water, food and sunlight which are the basic needs of all living beings and plant life, to carry on their life functions. The environment also includes other living things, temperature, wind, electricity, etc. The environment for any living organism has never been constant or static. It has always been changing, sometimes slowly and sometimes rapidly or drastically. Thus, like other organisms, man is also affected by his environment and these changes in environment may benefit or harm the man or other organism living in it. Natural environment is that part of the planet earth which is especially untouched and has not been invaded by man. But today the man, equipped with a variety of skills and superior technology, has ruined the natural resources without understanding the rebounding repercussions even on his own existence. So, the scientists, climatologists and environmentalists have alarmed the modern man against the devastating impact of unscientific and reckless exploitation of natural environment and pleaded to save the life existing on earth. Today numerous issues like quality of environment, ecological imbalance, disruption of earth’s natural ecosystems, environmental degradation, depletion of protective ozone umbrella, chloro-fluro carbons, ozone hole, global warming and sick environment have been raised. No doubt man is now awakened towards environmental problems and the public interest concerning the quality of environment has reached the emotional peaks but can this tempo be sustained for long time? Today the modern technologies, after exceedingly high rate of rapacious exploitation of natural resources and uncontrolled development by developed countries are responsible for alarming situation of grave environmental crisis and ecological disturbance all over the globe. Environmental pollution and human efforts for the betterment of living standards are the two sides of the same coin. In the wake of industrialization, consequent urbanization and ever increasing population, the basic amenities of life, viz., air, water and land, are being polluted continuously. 15 | P a g e T. Y. B. Sc. (Statistics) 2022 - 23 1. AIR POLLUTION • INFORMATION: “The presence of one or more contaminant such as dust, gas, mist, odour, smoke, smog or vapours in the outdoor atmosphere, in quantities, of characteristics and of duration so as to be injurious to human, plant or animal life or to property or which unreasonably interferes with the comfortable enjoyment of life and property is known as air pollution”. The pollution of our environment is one of the biggest hazards that humanity faces today urban air pollution has worsened the health in the cities of both developed and developing countries. The health impact in developing world have driven by population growth, industrialization and increased vehicle use. The combustion of fossil fuel and their product are responsible for a sizable amount of anthropogenic air pollution and this problem is particularly acute in urban area. According to World Health Organization (WHO), “air pollution is defined as limited to situation in which the outdoor ambient atmosphere contain material in concentration, which are harmful to man and his surrounding environment” Jalgaon city is a trade and commercial centre of Khandesh region. The population of Jalgaon has increased day by day with the rapid industrialization, fast urbanization, rapid growth in population, drastic increase in vehicles on the road continuously as result level of air pollution increases day by day in the city. The growing trend of air pollution is a serious threat to the health and create several respiratory and heart condition along with cancer, among other threats to the body. Some of the major air pollutants that pollutes the environment are- i. Respirable Suspended Particular Matter (RSPM): RSPM cause the worst damage as they can penetrate deep into the lungs. ii. Sulphur Dioxide (SO2): Sulphur dioxide is a colourless gas with a pungent, suffocating odour. SO2 is corrosive to organic material and it irritates the eyes, nose and lungs. iii. Nitrogen Oxides (NOx): Nitrogen oxide are produced by combustion of all fossil fuels including coal and gas-fired power station and motor vehicles. iv. Carbon Monoxide (CO): Fossil fuel combustion normally produces carbon dioxide but sometimes, when such combustion is incomplete it also become a source of carbon monoxide. The release of low amount of pollutants into the air does not lead to any serious effects because the atmosphere has a considerable absorptive capacity. When the concentration of pollutants in air becomes so high that they cannot be tolerated by atmosphere’s regulating cycles, dangerous consequences arise as polluted air is not suitable for breathing. 16 | P a g e T. Y. B. Sc. (Statistics) 2022 - 23 • COLLECTION OF DATA: Table 2.1 : Level of average air pollutants in JCMC area Sr. Locations RSPM (mug/m3) SO2(mug/m3) NO3(mug/m3) CO (mg/m3) No Standards 200 80 80 2 1 Bajrang pool 72.1 14.2 65.1 0.7 2 Prabhat chowk 81.5 16.1 60 0.81 3 B.J. Market 60.3 13.3 62 0.75 4 Ajanta chowk 75.6 16.5 68 0.82 5 Golani market 70.2 11.5 58 0.91 6 Gujral petrol pump 58.1 14.6 52 0.51 7 Akashwani chowk 72.9 17.8 59 0.68 8 Court chowk 78.5 17 61 0.72 9 Bendale chowk 76.4 18.2 63 0.78 10 Icchadevi chowk 85.6 18 65 0.81 • ANALYSIS: ❖ EXPLORATORY ANALYSIS: Table 2.2 : Mean and Standard Deviation of Given Data RSPM SO2 NOx CO Mean 73.12 15.72 61.31 0.75 Standard Deviation 8.19 2.13 4.25 0.1 Conclusion : Means of RSPM, SO2, NOx and CO levels of Jalgaon City is less than standard given CPCB. 17 | P a g e T. Y. B. Sc. (Statistics) 2022 - 23 ❖ CAPABILITY INDEX : (𝑼𝑺𝑳 − 𝑴𝒆𝒂𝒏) 𝑪𝒑𝒌 = 𝟑𝑺𝑫 Where, USL- Upper Specification Limit. SD- Standard Deviation. Assumptions: i. Verified that data is normally distributed. ii. Verified that Process is in control. Table 2.3 : Capability Indices RSPM SO2 NOx CO 5.164021164 10.05946792 1.465882353 4.16666667 Conclusion : As Cpk > 1 , for all the pollutants, then process is increasingly capable. Average Capability Index = 5.2104 Conclusion : Cpk for Jalgaon city is 5.2104, process is highly capable. 18 | P a g e T. Y. B. Sc. (Statistics) 2022 - 23 ❖ AIR QUALITY INDEX (AQI) : 𝑶𝒃𝒔𝒆𝒓𝒗𝒆𝒅 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆 𝑨𝑸𝑰 = 𝑿 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒅 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆 Table 2.4 : Air Quality Index RSPM SO2 NOx CO 36.56 19.65 76.6375 37.5 Table 2.5 : Standard Air Quality Index and status of monitoring area Sr. No. Range (AQI) Class 1 0 to 20 Excellent 2 20 to 40 Good 3 40 to 60 Fair 4 60 to 80 Poor 5 80 to 100 Bad 6 Above 100 Dangerous Coclusion : According to AQI, ➢ Status of RSPM is Good. ➢ Status of SO2 is Excellent. ➢ Status of NOx is Poor. ➢ Status of CO is Good. 19 | P a g e T. Y. B. Sc. (Statistics) 2022 - 23 ❖ GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION : RSPM LEVEL 90 85.6 81.5 78.5 75.6 72.9 76.4 80 72.1 70.2 70 60.3 58.1 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 RSPM(mu g/m3) Bajrang pool Prabhat chowk B.J.Market Ajanta chowk Golani market Gujaral petrol pump Akashwani chowk Court chowk Bendale chowk Icchadevi chowk Figure 2.1 : RSPM level in Jalgaon city SO2 LEVEL 20 17.8 18.2 18 16.5 17 16.1 14.2 14.6 15 13.3 11.5 10 5 0 SO2(mu g/m3) Bajrang pool Prabhat chowk B.J.Market Ajanta chowk Golani market Gujaral petrol pump Akashwani chowk Court chowk Bendale chowk Icchadevi chowk Figure 2.2 : SO2 level in Jalgaon city 20 | P a g e T. Y. B. Sc. (Statistics) 2022 - 23 NOx Level 80 65.1 68 65 70 60 62 61 63 58 59 60 52 50 40 30 20 10 0 NOx(mu g/m3) Bajrang pool Prabhat chowk B.J.Market Ajanta chowk Golani market Gujaral petrol pump Akashwani chowk Court chowk Bendale chowk Icchadevi chowk Figure 2.3 : NOx level in Jalgaon city CO LEVEL 1 0.91 0.81 0.82 0.78 0.81 0.8 0.75 0.72 0.7 0.68 0.6 0.51 0.4 0.2 0 CO(mg/m3) Bajrang pool Prabhat chowk B.J.Market Ajanta chowk Golani market Gujaral petrol pump Akashwani chowk Court chowk Bendale chowk Icchadevi chowk Figure 2.4 : CO level in Jalgaon city • RESULT: From above we can conclude that air pollution in Jalgaon city is under control 21 | P a g e T. Y. B. Sc. (Statistics) 2022 - 23 2. NOISE POLLUTION • INFORMATION: “Noise pollution is the unwanted sound dumped into the environment without regard to the adverse effect it may have”. Noise is any sound independent of loudness that can produce an undesirable physiological or physiological effect in an individual and that may interfere with the social ends of an individual or group. These social ends include all of our activities- communication, work rest, recreation and sleep. “Noise pollution can be defined as unwanted or offensive sound that unreasonably introduced into our daily activities”. It has many sources, most of which are associated with urban development: road, air and rail transport; Industrial noise, neighbourhood and recreational noise. A number of factors contribute to problems of high noise levels including 1) Increasing population, particularly were it leads to increasing urbanization and urban consolidation; activities associated with urban living generally lead to increased noise levels. 2) Increasing volume of road, rail and air traffic. Noise may adversely affect human health both physiologically and psychologically. The WHO suggest the noise can affect human health and well-being as a number of ways, including annoyance reaction, hearing loss, stress, high blood pressure, sleep disturbance, interference with communication, effect on social behaviour, distraction and lost productivity and a general reduction in the quality of life. Noise can be emitted from a point source (electric fan) an area source (discotheque) or a line source (moving train). Noise pollution comes from a variety of source, including 1) Road traffic 2) industrial equipment 3) construction activities and so on. In Jalgaon city the noise pollution increases at different area of the city with respective noise level show is the following table with corresponding standards: ▪ Slow response: Measuring the level at time 1 sec. 1 ▪ Fast response: Measuring the noise level at time 8 sec. Decibel: Noise intensity is measured in decibel (dB) units. That is the magnitude of the fluctuation is air pressure caused by sound waves. The decibel scale is logarithmic, each 10 dB increase represent a tenfold increase in noise intensity. The normal level of sound is 60 dB. 22 | P a g e T. Y. B. Sc. (Statistics) 2022 - 23 • COLLECTION OF DATA: Table 3.1 : Average Noise Pollution Level in Different Area of Jalgaon Noise Level (Db) Area Time Standards Slow response Fast Response 9.15 69 72.1 12.30 84.3 88.2 MIDC 15.30 82 87.8 75 18.15 72.5 83.9 21.30 68.3 70.9 9.15 63.1 72.5 12.30 89.3 92.7 Golani Market and Shastri 15.30 68.4 70 65 Tower 18.15 72.6 83.2 21.30 62.9 67.4 9.15 38.2 42.5 12.30 35.3 37.9 Mahabal Colony and 15.30 32.4 36.7 55 Ramanand Nagar 18.15 42.9 54.3 21.30 40.7 43.6 9.15 23.8 32.8 12.30 32.5 35.3 Civil Hospital Area and 15.30 30.3 31.9 50 NMU 18.15 36.9 38.4 21.30 25.1 36.8 23 | P a g e  T. Y. B. Sc. (Statistics) 2022 - 23 • ANALYSIS: ❖ ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE (ANOVA): 1) For Slow Response: H0: The effect of noise pollution level are same for different areas of Jalgaon city Vs H1: The effect of noise pollution level are not same for different areas of Jalgaon city Table 3.2 : ANOVA for Slow Response Anova: Single Factor SUMMARY Groups Count Sum Average Variance MIDC 5 376.1 75.22 55.597 Golani Market and Shastri Tower 5 356.3 71.26 117.973 Mahabal Colony and Ramanand Nagar 5 189.5 37.9 17.485 Civil Hospital Area and NMU 5 148.6 29.72 29.002 ANOVA Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit 3.0243E- Between Groups 7980.1095 3 2660.0365 48.3517725 08 3.238871517 Within Groups 880.228 16 55.01425 Total 8860.3375 19 Conclusion: We reject the H0 at α=0.05. Result: The effect of noise pollution level are not same for different areas of Jalgaon city. 24 | P a g e  T. Y. B. Sc. (Statistics) 2022 - 23 2) For Fast Response: H0: The effect of noise pollution level are same for different areas of Jalgaon city Vs H1: The effect of noise pollution level are not same for different areas of Jalgaon city Table 3.3 : ANOVA for Fast Response Anova: Single Factor SUMMARY Groups Count Sum Average Variance MIDC 5 402.9 80.58 71.707 Golani Market and Shastri Tower 5 385.8 77.16 111.553 Mahabal Colony and Ramanand Nagar 5 215 43 48.5 Civil Hospital Area and NMU 5 175.2 35.04 7.333 ANOVA Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit 4.79682E- Between Groups 8127.7575 3 2709.253 45.3255 08 3.238872 Within Groups 956.372 16 59.77325 Total 9084.1295 19 Conclusion : We reject the H0 at α=0.05. Result: The effect of noise pollution level are not same for different areas of Jalgaon city. 25 | P a g e T. Y. B. Sc. (Statistics) 2022 - 23 ❖ CORRELATION ANALYSIS: ▪ Scatter Plot: Relationship Between Fast & Slow Responce 100 90 80 70 FAST RESPONCE 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 SLOW RESPONCE Figure 3.1 : Scatter plot for fast and slow response Conclusion: There is linear positive relationship between fast and slow response. ▪ Correlation Coefficient (r): 𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑟= 𝑠𝑑(𝑥) ∗ 𝑠𝑑(𝑦) 𝑟 = 0.986 Conclusion: There is very strong positive correlation between fast response and slow response. 26 | P a g e T. Y. B. Sc. (Statistics) 2022 - 23 ❖ AVERAGE NOISE LEVEL: ∑𝒏𝒊=𝟏 𝟏𝟎𝑳𝒊 𝑳 = 𝟏𝟎 ∗ 𝐥𝐨𝐠 { } 𝑵 Where, Li – Observed noise level of ith observation (in bels). i=1,2,…..,N. N – No. of observations. ▪ Average Noise pollution level for Slow Response: Table 3.4 : Average Noise Pollution Level in Different Area for slow response Standard Value of Area Average Noise Level Noise Level MIDC 79.63910268 75 Golani Market and Shastri Tower 82.45633532 65 Mahabal Colony and Ramanand Nagar 39.34302454 55 Civil Hospital Area and NMU 32.20686615 50 Conclusions: ➢ In MIDC noise pollution is slightly greater than standard value. ➢ In Golani Market and Shastri Tower area there are heavy noise pollution. ➢ In Mahabal Colony and Ramanand Nagar noise pollution is very low as compared with standard given. ➢ In Civil Hospital Area and NMU there is very low noise pollution. 27 | P a g e T. Y. B. Sc. (Statistics) 2022 - 23 ▪ Average Noise pollution level for Fast Response: Table 3.5 : Average Noise Pollution Level in Different Area for fast response Standard Value of Area Average Noise Level Noise Level MIDC 84.87773004 75 Golani Market and Shastri Tower 86.24136609 65 Mahabal Colony and Ramanand Nagar 48.07113047 55 Civil Hospital Area and NMU 35.69311384 50 Conclusions: ➢ In MIDC noise pollution is slightly greater than standard value. ➢ In Golani Market and Shastri Tower area there are heavy noise pollution. ➢ In Mahabal Colony and Ramanand Nagar noise pollution is low as compared with standard given. ➢ In Civil Hospital Area and NMU there is very low noise pollution. • RESULT: In the industrial area (MIDC) and market area there is heavy noise pollution but in residential area (Mahabal Colony and Ramanand Nagar) and silent zone (Civil Hospital Area and NMU) there are very low noise pollution. 28 | P a g e T. Y. B. Sc. (Statistics) 2022 - 23 3. WATER POLLUTION • INFORMATION: “Alteration in physical, chemical and biological characteristics of water which may cause harmful effects on human and aquatic biota is known as water pollution”. Water pollution refers to the contamination of water bodies, such as rivers, lakes, oceans, groundwater, and even drinking water sources, with harmful substances or pollutants, resulting in adverse effects on water quality, aquatic life, and human health. Water pollution can arise from various sources, including industrial discharges, agricultural runoff, untreated sewage and wastewater, stormwater runoff, oil spills, chemical spills, and litter. Pollutants can come in many forms, such as nutrients, chemicals, heavy metals, pathogens, sediment, and plastics. When pollutants are discharged directly into water bodies from a single identifiable source, such as industrial or municipal wastewater treatment plants, factories, and oil refineries. Water pollution can have severe environmental impacts. It can harm aquatic ecosystems, killing fish and other aquatic organisms, disrupting habitats, and impairing water quality. Eutrophication, a process where excessive nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, enter water bodies and cause harmful algal blooms, can deplete oxygen levels in water, leading to "dead zones" where aquatic life cannot survive. Water pollution can also impact coastal areas and coral reefs, leading to the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Water pollution can pose risks to human health. Consuming contaminated water can cause waterborne diseases such as cholera, dysentery, hepatitis, and other gastrointestinal and respiratory illnesses. Polluted water used for agricultural irrigation can also contaminate crops, posing risks to food safety and human health. All the important physico-chemical parameters such as temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, chlorides, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, total phosphate, total viable count and most probable number are monitored with the view of understanding the pollution loads as well as to evaluate the trends of these loads in the surface water bodies in order to formulate management plans accordingly. 29 | P a g e  T. Y. B. Sc. (Statistics) 2022 - 23 • COLLECTION OF DATA: Table 4.1 : Water sampling sites for analysing water samples of Jalgaon city Sr. Sites Description and Justification for site selection No. 1 River Girna — S1 Near Bambhori village recreational point 2 River Waghur — S2 No injection of effluents or sewage directly 3 Girna Treatment Plant — S3 Saokheda treatment plant 4 Waghur Treatment Plant — S4 Khandari Waghur treatment plant 5 Mahabal colony — S5 Ground water from the high-class society of Mahabal area Ground water from the middle-class society of Nimkhedi 6 Nimkhedi — S6 area Ground water nearby Mehrun lake low density area and 7 Mehrun — S7 recreational point Carrying industrial effluent and sewage directly into 8 MIDC — S8 Ground water 9 Waghur lake — S9 Sewage and effluent is not directly injected into the lake 10 Khedi Nala - S10 Carrying industrial effluent and sewage of the city Carrying agriculture run off completely through the high- 11 Lendi Nala- S11 density area and sewage used for irrigation Flowing along with the western side carrying sewage of 12 Gujar Nala — S12 the Nimkhedi Gaothan area 13 Pimprala Nala — S13 Carrying sewage of Pimprala Gaothan 30 | P a g e  T. Y. B. Sc. (Statistics) 2022 - 23 Table 4.2 : Analysed physico-chemical parameters of different water samples Area Electrical Total pH TDS Chlorides DO COD BOD Alkalinity code Conductivity Hardness Standard 8.5 300 500 300 250 6 10 5 120 values s1 6.7 134.9 1970.1 377 1.7 8 410 112 74.5 s2 6.7 135.9 1870.1 277 3.2 8.4 441.2 111.8 54.4 s3 8.1 137.1 69.7 47.4 26.2 7.4 26.2 21.1 36.6 s4 6.8 135.8 42.5 32 1.2 8.6 18 14 18.2 s5 7.5 150.5 150.5 80.1 2.6 4 29.5 0.9 69.9 s6 7.3 139.9 77.9 369.2 1 3.5 47.1 1.7 53.4 s7 8 144 76.9 268.9 1.8 3.4 35.3 1.5 76 s8 8.8 217.5 169.4 1021.3 7.5 8.5 191 43 121.1 s9 8.1 150.5 377.8 170.9 2.7 8.7 180 42 55.2 s10 9.5 117.5 2099.2 4655.1 914.6 2234.5 24476 6189 2109.6 s11 8.5 1196.6 4122.6 5721.6 745.5 0.02 15342 3300 3545.6 s12 10.5 93.1 2393.1 825.6 1002 0.1 9822 2821 6768.1 s13 11.6 380 1107.7 1025.3 1217.5 824.4 15720 3840 7814.6 • ANALYSIS: ❖ CORRELATION ANALYSIS: ▪ To check the relationship between different chemical parameter such as Chlorides, DO, BOD, COD, Alkalinity. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COD & BOD 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 Figure 4.1 : Scatter plot for COD and BOD 31 | P a g e T. Y. B. Sc. (Statistics) 2022 - 23 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ALKALINITY & CHLORIDE 9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 Figure 4.2 : Scatter plot for Chloride and Alkalinity Table 4.3 : Correlation Coefficient for chemical parameter Chlorides DO COD BOD Alkalinity Chlorides 1 DO 0.578163164 1 COD 0.898900291 0.805026611 1 BOD 0.908005454 0.822873667 0.995895275 1 Alkalinity 0.933628007 0.292004749 0.685390743 0.698418328 1 Conclusion: Chloride exhibited strong positive linear relationship with alkalinity (0.93) and there is very strong positive correlation between BOD and COD (0.99). 32 | P a g e T. Y. B. Sc. (Statistics) 2022 - 23 ▪ To check the relationship between different physical parameter such as pH, Electrical Conductivity, TDS, Total Hardness. RELATIONSHIIP BETWEEN TDS & TOTAL HARDNESS 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 Figure 4.3 : Scatter plot for TDS and Total Hardness RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN pH & ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Figure 4 Scatter plot for pH and Electrical Conductivity Table 4.4 : Correlation Coefficient for physical parameter pH Electrical Conductivity TDS Total Hardness pH 1 Electrical Conductivity 0.543725198 1 TDS 0.24464495 -0.216468295 1 Total Hardness 0.243053614 -0.151596317 0.805685834 1 Conclusion: pH is moderately correlated with electrical conductivity (0.54) in water and There is very strong correlation between TDS and Total Hardness (0.80). 33 | P a g e T. Y. B. Sc. (Statistics) 2022 - 23 ❖ WATER QUALITY INDEX (WQI): 𝟗 𝑾𝑸𝑰 = 𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒍𝒐𝒈 ∑ 𝑾𝒏 ∗ 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒒𝒏 𝒏=𝟏 Where, 𝑲 𝑾𝒏 = , 𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆 𝐾 = 1 𝑺𝒏 𝑽𝒏 𝒒𝒏 = 𝑿 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝑺𝒏 Sn – Standard value Vn – Observed value. Table 4.5 : Standard WQI and status of water body Water Quality Index Status 0-25 Excellent 26-50 Good 51-75 Poor 76-100 Very Poor 100 and above Unsuitable for drinking 34 | P a g e T. Y. B. Sc. (Statistics) 2022 - 23 ▪ Water Quality Index for different water sources: Table 4.6 : Water Quality Indices of water sample of Jalgaon city Water Quality Index Sr. No. Sites (WQI) 1 River Girna — S1 43.71 2 River Waghur — S2 44.32 3 Girna Treatment Plant — S3 4.92 4 Waghur Treatment Plant — S4 4.75 5 Mahabal colony — S5 11.46 6 Nimkhedi — S6 13.26 7 Mehrun — S7 12.69 8 MIDC — S8 35.23 9 Waghur lake — S9 34.1 10 Khedi Nala - S10 418.83 11 Lendi Naia- Sil 50.41 12 Gujar Nala — S12 62.05 13 Pimprala Nala — S13 316.4 Conclusion: According to WQI of river Girna and river Waghur, it shows water is having a good quality status which is then treated in respective treatment plant to make its status excellent for drinking as well as other domestic purposes. All the ground water samples except MIDC are having good quality status. On the other hand obviously nala water samples shows heavy pollution load. 35 | P a g e T. Y. B. Sc. (Statistics) 2022 - 23 ▪ Water Quality Index for different types water sources: Table 4.7 : Water Quality Index for different types of Water Sources Types WQI River and Treatment plant 37.27 Ground water 22.04 Nala 267.45 Conclusion: According to WQI of River and Treatment Plant, it shows water is having a good quality status. Also Ground Water is showing Excellent quality status and it is more efficient to drink. Nala water showing very poor quality of water. ▪ Average Water Quality Index of Jalgaon city: It is calculated by taking geometric mean of WQI of water samples of Jalgaon city. 1) Except all nala water samples. WQI = 16.77 2) Including all nala water samples. WQI = 32.41 Conclusion: According to WQI of Jalgaon city it shows good water quality status. • RESULT: We can conclude that there is no heavy water pollution in Jalgaon city. 36 | P a g e T. Y. B. Sc. (Statistics) 2022 - 23 4. SOLID WASTE • INFORMATION: “Solid waste is the organic and inorganic waste material produced by household, commercial, institutional and industrial activities that have no value in the eyes of the owner". Solid waste pollution refers to the contamination and accumulation of solid waste materials in the environment, such as discarded or abandoned items, garbage, and litter, which can have harmful effects on the ecosystem, human health, and wildlife. Sources of solid waste pollution: Solid waste can come from various sources, including residential households, commercial and industrial activities, construction and demolition sites, agricultural waste, and institutional waste. Improper disposal and management of solid waste can result in pollution of land, air, and water. Environmental impact of solid waste pollution: Solid waste pollution can have significant environmental impacts. When solid waste is dumped in landfills, it can release harmful chemicals and toxins that can seep into the soil and contaminate groundwater. Decomposing solid waste produces methane, a potent greenhouse gas that contributes to climate change. Solid waste littered in natural habitats can harm wildlife by ingestion or entanglement, disrupting ecosystems and biodiversity. Human health impact of solid waste pollution: Improper management of solid waste can pose health risks to humans. Accumulated solid waste can become breeding grounds for disease-carrying pests like mosquitoes and rodents, leading to the spread of diseases such as dengue, cholera, and hepatitis. Improper burning of solid waste can release harmful pollutants into the air, causing respiratory issues and other health problems. Plastic use and its disposal cause environmental pollution and undesirable effects on health. Quantity of solid waste is increasing daily due to social, economic and technical change. The waste generation is large in high-income groups followed by middle and low- income groups. 37 | P a g e T. Y. B. Sc. (Statistics) 2022 - 23 • COLLECTION OF DATA: Table 5.1 : Physical composition of solid waste generated in Jalgaon city Sr. Physical Income Groups (%) Average Variance No. Composition LIG MIG HIG 1 Compostable 45 72.2 68 61.73 214.41 2 Paper 4.5 4.25 5.5 4.75 0.43 3 Plastic 3.5 2.9 3.6 3.33 0.14 4 Glass 0.9 0 9 3.3 24.57 5 Metal 0.5 0 0.5 0.33 0.08 6 Rag 5.4 0.13 1.7 2.41 7.32 7 Earthen matter 40 20.3 11.4 23.9 214.21 8 Leather 0.2 0.22 0.3 0.24 0.0028 • ANALYSIS: ❖ GRAPHICAL REPRESENTAION: Lower Income Group Compostable 0% Paper Plastic 40% 45% Glass Metal Rag Earthen matter 5%1% 1%4% 4% Leather Figure 5.1 : Physical composition of solid waste generate by lower income group of Jalgaon city 38 | P a g e T. Y. B. Sc. (Statistics) 2022 - 23 Middle Income Group Compostable 0% 21% Paper Plastic 0% 3% Glass 4% Metal Rag 72% Earthen matter Leather Figure 5.2 : Physical composition of solid waste generate by middle income group of Jalgaon city Higher Income Group Compostable 11% 0% Paper 2% 1% Plastic 9% Glass 4% Metal 5% 68% Rag Earthen matter Leather Figure 5.3 : Physical composition of solid waste generate by higher income group of Jalgaon city 39 | P a g e T. Y. B. Sc. (Statistics) 2022 - 23 Average Compostable 0% Paper 24% Plastic Glass 3% 0% 3% Metal 3% 62% Rag 5% Earthen matter Leather Figure 5.4 : Average physical composition of solid waste • RESULT: The major composition of solid waste is compostable waste as compare to other compositions. 40 | P a g e T. Y. B. Sc. (Statistics) 2022 - 23 5. BIO-MEDICAL WASTE • INFORMATION: “The waste obtained from dispensary and hospitals is known as bio-medical waste”. The indiscriminate disposal of bio-medical waste poses a great risk to human health and the environment. The exposure of highly infectious waste like living or non-living pathogens, human body parts, solid cotton, dressing linen, laboratory culture stocks, waste of experimental animals used in research, wastes generated by veterinary hospitals, colleges, animal houses and livestock could cause serious diseases. Biomedical waste is typically classified into different categories based on its characteristics and potential hazards. Common categories include: Sharps waste: This includes used needles, syringes, scalpels, and other sharp objects that can puncture the skin and cause injuries or infections. Infectious waste: This includes waste contaminated with blood or other bodily fluids, cultures, and other materials that may contain infectious agents. Pathological waste: This includes human or animal tissues, organs, body parts, and fetuses. Pharmaceutical waste: This includes expired or unused medications, pharmaceutical containers, and other pharmaceutical-related waste. Chemical waste: This includes chemicals, solvents, and other hazardous substances used in healthcare or research settings. Radioactive waste: This includes waste contaminated with radioactive substances used in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. Proper management of biomedical waste is critical to prevent potential health and environmental risks. It typically involves several steps, including segregation, packaging, transportation, treatment, and disposal, following local, national, or international regulations and guidelines. Some common methods of biomedical waste management include: Three types of bio-medical waste treatment methods: Incinerator: Involves the burning of wastages produced by hospitals, veterinary facilities and medical research facilities. (Capacity 70kg/hr with temp. of 1st chamber 800+50°c and 2nd chamber 1050+50°c) ex. body part. Autoclaves: Autoclaves are closed chambers that apply heat and sometimes pressure and steam, over a period of time to sterilize medical equipment. Autoclaves have been used for sterilize medical instruments for reuse surgical knives and clamps. Shredder: The biomedical waste shredding machine is used to destroy waste such as syringes, scalpels, glass vials, blades, plastics, catheters, broken ampules, intravenous sets/bottles, blood bags, gloves, bandages etc. 41 | P a g e  T. Y. B. Sc. (Statistics) 2022 - 23 • COLLECTION OF DATA: Table 6.1 : Status of Biomedical waste of Jalgaon city Total no. No. of "Total No. of of member quantity of member members Quality of BMW received and sending BMW recd.& Sr. No Months joint till disposed during this month in BMW disposed till current end of kg during end of current year current month month month Incinerator autoclave shredder 1 Jan-08 2 294 203 5575.5 1010.1 268.985 6854.585 2 Feb-08 5 299 200 5435.91 898.25 257.055 6591.215 3 Mar-08 1 300 207 6423.56 1107.65 305.77 7836.98 4 Apr-08 2 302 217 5124.27 1218.69 391.549 6734.509 5 May-08 0 302 213 6652.85 1398.85 463.075 8514.775 6 Jun-08 7 309 209 5166.64 1593.15 520.89 7280.68 7 Jul-08 13 322 212 4793.3 1501.5 493.376 6788.176 8 Aug-08 1 323 210 5000.25 1526.36 522.726 7049.336 9 Sep-08 1 324 211 4737.4 1316.77 440.062 6494.232 10 Oct-08 1 325 203 4869.84 1227.32 394.87 6492.03 11 Nov-08 5 330 217 4945.141 1197.4 367.226 6509.767 12 Dec-08 2 332 222 5330.12 1254.27 382.262 6966.652 13 Jan-09 4 336 224 5512.1 1525.57 452.66 7490.33 14 Feb-09 2 338 221 4620.4 1469.1 396.538 6486.38 15 18-03-2009 37 375 223 3342.3 871.402 217.82 4431.522 42 | P a g e T. Y. B. Sc. (Statistics) 2022 - 23 • ANALYSIS: ❖ EXPLORATORY ANALYSIS: Table 6.2 : Mean and Variance of Disposed BMW Incinerator Autoclave Shredder Mean 5168.6387 1274.42547 391.6576 Variance 552747.1 49876.5262 8458.2162 Conclusion: The mean of Incinerator is greater than means Autoclave and Shredder. ❖ PERCENTAGE PROPORTION: Table 6.3 : Proportion of Disposed BMW Methods Proportion (%) Incinerator 76% Autoclave 19% Shredder 6% Total 100% Conclusion: Incinerator have highest percentage of disposed BMW (76%). 43 | P a g e T. Y. B. Sc. (Statistics) 2022 - 23 ❖ GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION: Disposed BMW 6% 19% 76% Incinerator autoclave shredder Figure 6.1 : Proportion of disposed BMW Quantity of BMW received and disposed during this month in kg 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 Incinerator autoclave shredder Figure 6.2 : Quantity of BMW received and disposed during this month in kg • RESULT: The Bio-Medical waste is mostly decomposed by Incinerator as compared to other two. 44 | P a g e T. Y. B. Sc. (Statistics) 2022 - 23 CONCLUSIONS There is no any hazardous effect of air pollution on the environment but level of Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) very close to standard given by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), that mean it can be slightly effect on environment in the future. Noise pollution is partially affecting the environment, as the noise pollution level in the industrial and market area exceeds as compare to the standard given by CPCB. Water pollution in the Jalgaon city is too low which is good for health of environment but nala water sources are too polluted. Solid waste is mostly divided into compostable waste so we can easily break them into natural element which cann’t effect the environment. The bio-medical waste mostly decomposed by incinerator so it can be completely destroyed that’s why there is no any adverse effect of bio- medical waste on environment. 45 | P a g e T. Y. B. Sc. (Statistics) 2022 - 23 LIMITATIONS OF PROJECT WORK This project work is limited for Jalgaon city of Maharashtra. But the data is taken from ‘2008’ project report of Jalgaon city so the in present or in future the pollution of Jalgaon city may be change. 46 | P a g e T. Y. B. Sc. (Statistics) 2022 - 23 REFFERENCES & SOFTWARE USED • REFERENCES: ➢ Fundamental of mathematical statistics by S.C. Gupta and V. K. Kapoor. ➢ Statistical Quality Control by Montgomery. ➢ Environmental project report of Jalgaon city 2008-2009. ➢ THE STUDY OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION OF JALGAON CITY, Dr. Parag A. Khadke Asst. Professor, School of Earth Sciences (Geography), Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded. • SOURCES: ➢ www.google.com ➢ cpcb.nic.in ➢ https://udghoshna.files.wordpress.com/2014/08/noise-pollution • SOFTWARES: ➢ MS – EXEL ➢ MS – WORD ➢ MINITAB 47 | P a g e