This paper describes concepts and design principles of a general scalable electric power system s... more This paper describes concepts and design principles of a general scalable electric power system simulator (SEPSS). This tool is needed both for R&D in support of rapid modernization and as an advisory end-to-end computer application in on-line operation. The computer platform kernel is introduced using state-of-the-art modular multi-layered modeling of complex system dynamics affected by multi-temporal cyber signals (disturbances, market signals, control set points). Object-oriented MATLAB is used to represent components (actors) in detail, while their higher-level integration is done by interfacing them into clusters and ultimately into an interconnected system. The type and timing of information exchange are determined by communicating physical interaction variables among the modules without excessive complexity. We illustrate concepts in this paper on a small two control area system.
A new model formulation for power system voltage control during large disturbances
ABSTRACT
Optimal voltage management for enhancing electricity market efficiency
In this paper we propose to schedule both real power and voltage settings of generators participa... more In this paper we propose to schedule both real power and voltage settings of generators participating in electricity markets. This can be done by utilizing an extended AC Optimal Power Flow (AC X-OPF). This will provide a one-step method performed by the Independent System Operator (ISO) in charge of electricity market clearing; iterative decisions by the ISO and the system operator ultimately responsible for reliable operation can be significantly reduced. Moreover, the locational marginal prices (LMPs) are straightforward to interpret, as these are the nodal prices based on physically deliverable bid clearing. It is shown using the PJM system that the economic gains are significant. In addition to reducing total generation cost, LMPs are much less volatile and always positive. Overall, optimizing generation voltages leads to a much better behaving and more efficient electricity market.
Control of the inter-area dynamics using FACTS technologies in large electric power systems
ABSTRACT
A distribution management system for implementing synthetic regulation reserve
With high renewable integration and changing consumer patterns, it has become hard to predict fas... more With high renewable integration and changing consumer patterns, it has become hard to predict fast load deviations using historic data. To ensure acceptable frequency, the industry must rely on many small end users providing synthetic reserves instead of on requiring regulation reserves by generators. In this paper, a distribution management system is introduced to support such regulation services. Mathematical formulations of both end-user decision making to bid and the coordinating mechanism for bid clearing are defined. A droop-based physical implementation of bids is elucidated. Finally, a real world microgrid system is used to demonstrate potential benefits obtainable by participation of consumer devices in energy and/or regulation reserve market. Open questions remain such as representation of uncertainties and their impact on outcomes.
High Quality of Service in Future Electrical Energy Systems: A New Time-Domain Approach
IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, Apr 1, 2021
In this paper we study dynamical distortion problems in future electrical energy systems with hig... more In this paper we study dynamical distortion problems in future electrical energy systems with high renewable penetration. We introduce a new time-domain modeling of electrical energy systems comprising inverter-controlled distributed energy resources (DERs). This modeling is first used to quantify the relations between distortions and real/reactive power dynamics. Next, to ensure acceptable Quality of Service (QoS), a novel nonlinear distributed inverter control is introduced. Sufficient conditions are established for the guaranteed performance of the proposed control. These conditions further support the practical implementation of the derived controller. The effectiveness of this enhanced control is illustrated using simulations for the case of avoiding system instability during sudden grid reconfigurations. Simulations also show that distortions can be suppressed in systems with parallel-connected solar photovoltaics (PVs).
Guest Editorial: New Trends in Wide‐Area Monitoring and Control of Power Systems with Large Scale Renewables
Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution, Dec 1, 2017
This paper concerns the resilience of systems with wind power upon wind reduction by evaluating t... more This paper concerns the resilience of systems with wind power upon wind reduction by evaluating the potential of corrective actions, such as generation and load dispatch, on minimizing the effects of transmission line failures. Three functions (grid, consumer-centric loss, and resilience impact) are used to statistically evaluate the criticality of initial contingent failures and wind reductions. Our model is learned with Monte Carlo, convex optimization, and adaptive selection, illustrated on the IEEE-30 and IEEE-300 bus systems with both AC and DC models. We highlight the impact of wind reductions and propose physically implementable solutions.
Price-Based Commitment Decisions in the Electricity Market
Advances in industrial control, 1999
Page 1. Eric Allen and Marija Ilic PRICE-BASED COMMITMENT DECISIONS IN THE ELECTRICITY MARKET Adv... more Page 1. Eric Allen and Marija Ilic PRICE-BASED COMMITMENT DECISIONS IN THE ELECTRICITY MARKET Advances in Industrial Control $1 Springer ... Page 7. Eric Allen and MarijaIlic Price-Based Commitment Decisions in the Electricity Market With 43 Figures Springer ...
Unified Modeling for Emulating Electric Energy Systems
IGI Global eBooks, Sep 16, 2022
Reserve Markets for Power System Reliability
Advances in industrial control, 1999
This paper defines a price-based decision making process for participating in a reserve market fo... more This paper defines a price-based decision making process for participating in a reserve market for power systems reliability. Reserve power is a fundamentally different commodity from spot market power. It is suggested that depending on the payment mechanism in place, two different types of formulae would be used by power producers and users when participating in such markets. The paper points out that despite the imminent trend to create reserve markets, several fundamental questions concerning reliable operation must be studied.
Data-driven decision system for adaptive control of FACTS devices in the New York State grid
The combination of growth of electricity demand, restrictions on transmission system expansion, a... more The combination of growth of electricity demand, restrictions on transmission system expansion, and grid security/reliability requirements gives the development and application of local controllers such as Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices, Power System stabilizers (PSS), and High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) systems a high priority. In the last decades, significant number of these type of controllers have become fully operational to achieve different functionalities and improve the flexibility and controllability of the grid. However, design and application of a system-level controller that dynamically changes the set points of the local devices based on the grid conditions, still needs lots of nurturing. This paper concerns with the enhanced utilization of system-wide controllable resources in the New York State grid as the system conditions vary. To achieve the greatest benefit we propose a data-driven decision system for grid management, which offers the application of a wide-area system awareness platform for adaptive utilization of the system-wide controllable resources. The solution is broad in nature but as a starting point, in this paper, the attention is given to dynamically changing the set points of shunt-connected FACTS devices in order to minimize system violations following a major disturbance. The effectiveness of the proposed solution has been verified on a unique system that uses the real data of the New York State grid. All the optimizations are based on the NETSSWorks software (New Electricity Transmission Software Solutions Works) that is explained in the paper.
Toward a unified multi-layered modeling and simulation paradigm for electric energy systems
2017 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)
In this paper we briefly describe the broad industry problem of solving the best infrastructures ... more In this paper we briefly describe the broad industry problem of solving the best infrastructures deployment comprising an overlay of energy, communications, control and regulatory networks. Solving this problem would provide key enablers for meeting the needs of very diverse social-ecological energy systems (SEES) across the world. As a way forward, we propose a unified modeling framework which is a formal description of a system in multi-disciplinary terms that allows research and results from different domains (engineering, economics, and environment) to interact and be incorporated into a cooperative solution. The framework is based on general laws of physics and economics defining interactions within an SEES. Interaction variables are technology- and policy-agnostic and are used to model mutual effects of different system participants (modules) expressed in terms of common: engineering variables (power, rate of change of power, energy, time); economic variables associated with the same physical variables (prices, time); and, environmental variables (pollutant mass). We describe how the proposed modeling can be used for deployment of cyber systems solutions at value. Simulation approach based on the same unified modeling is essential for educating ourselves regarding their potential technical impact on reliability and resiliency, economic and environmental impact on value created to different industry participants in different network architectures.
From hierarchical control to flexible interactive electricity services: A path to decarbonisation
— In this paper we conjecture that revolutionary advances in future energy services are needed an... more — In this paper we conjecture that revolutionary advances in future energy services are needed and that these are only possible by means of information technology (IT). To support this claim, we first briefly describe the fundamental needs for changing the ways energy services have been provided, and possible consequences resulting from not adopting qualitatively new paradigms. We next make the case why managing energy services of the future to meet such needs will only be possible when pursuing a systematic deployment of ITbased mechanisms for processing, delivering and consuming energy. We stress open R&D questions to which basic answers are needed in order to rip benefits of IT. Notably, a multidisciplinary approach to modeling and simulating a cyberphysical system (CPS) comprising the physical energy grids, and its support communications, sensing, and computing cyber layers is essential. Designing regulatory policies for facilitating penetration of IT at the value is also viewed...
Transmission System Constraints in Non-Pefect Electricity Markets
Microgrid Operation and Control: Challenges and expected functionalities
IEEE Electrification Magazine, 2021
This article considers several functionalities expected from the emerging microgrids and systems ... more This article considers several functionalities expected from the emerging microgrids and systems of microgrids. These performance objectives are then related to several modeling- and controlrelated challenges and open R&D questions that must be studied. The challenges are illustrated on Sheriff and Banshee microgrids, which are IEEE standards for testing microgrid control. I suggest that an extended ac optimal power flow (AC OPF) can be used to increase ranges of intermittent resources and responsive demand that can be used in a reliable way and without requiring excessive load shedding. The emphasis is on optimizing voltage-controlled equipment available at the inverter-controlled diverse distributed energy resources (DERs), including electric vehicle (EV) control of small residential end users, and the grid itself. The second question concerns enabling stability of microgrids over broad ranges of system inputs, and I briefly present a novel multilayered interactive modeling in transformed energy state space for stable control design. The article closes by revealing the importance of operating and control paradigm change from today's hierarchical control to interactive dynamic multilayered protocols, which also would provide financial incentives for reliance on control.
Interactive protocols for distributed energy resource management systems (DERMS)
IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, 2020
This paper proposes a novel approach to designing technical and financial protocols needed to sup... more This paper proposes a novel approach to designing technical and financial protocols needed to support the penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs). It first formulates a complex, hard-to-implement, centralized decision-making objective for providing end-to-end electricity service. It then introduces a new taxonomy of an end-to-end interactive operations planning framework. The taxonomy rests on the dynamic monitoring and decisions systems (DyMoNDS) principles for supporting interactive protocols of (i) end-to-end interactions within a complex, multilayered multi-voltage power system; (ii) dynamic energy resource management system (DERMS) interactions with their DERs as well as with the bulk power system (BPS) operators; and (iii) DERs interactions with DERMS. The distributed model predictive control for creating physically implementable cost functions is essential. Also, the minimal coordination of different layers utilizes an AC optimal power flow that is essential for ensuring power flow delivery. We next provide a proof-of-concept illustration on the IEEE 14 bus system augmented by two standardized microgrids of the proposed interactive protocols, and their potential use for enhancing dynamic host capacity (DHC). While novel, this approach is a natural outgrowth of the existing industry operations: It only requires enhancing decision-making tools by the stakeholders, and carefully-defined protocols for implementing their interactions.
Teaching smart grids: Yet another challenge and opportunity for transforming power systems curriculum
IEEE PES General Meeting, 2010
ABSTRACT This paper concerns the challenge of teaching future energy systems using concepts famil... more ABSTRACT This paper concerns the challenge of teaching future energy systems using concepts familiar to engineering students. It is stressed that unless operating and design problems are formulated in a way understandable to those who do not specialize in electric power systems it becomes very difficult to identify what may be the roadblocks to innovation and better performance of the evolving energy systems. In particular, it becomes difficult to formulate problems underlying effective integration of novel resources and responsive demand by means of information technology (IT) unless these are "translated" into the frameworks understandable to those working with complex systems and to the IT designers.
Unit Commitment in Congested Transmission Systems
Advances in Industrial Control, 1999
The presence of physical limitations on the amount of power that may be transferred through a giv... more The presence of physical limitations on the amount of power that may be transferred through a given transmission line gives rise to a very vigorous debate on how to account for these limits in a deregulated utility environment. Many pricing schemes that account for line flow limits are being discussed and debated [10, 11, 23, 35], but no consensus has been reached. This uncertainty makes it difficult to predict the effects of congestion on a power producer. Congestion will likely change the prices of power as well as reserve, but maximum generation limits at certain locations may also be implemented. If no such limits are present, then the strategy for selling power and unit commitment is essentially as described in the previous chapters, with the only difference being that the price for power reflects the presence of congestion, and the price process must model the price that the generator actually receives. If congestion does impose limits on power generation for a given producer, then a more complicated model is needed.
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