IMF Working Papers

From International Monetary Fund
International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC USA.
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2026/164: Looking for Underlying Structure in WEO Forecasts

Yurii Sholomytskyi

2026/163: Commodity Booms, Productivity, and Misallocation: Evidence from Chile’s Administrative Data

Pablo Filippi, Ryan Kim, Nan Li, María Jesús Pérez and Younghun Shim

2026/162: Financial Shocks in Currency Markets: Evidence from UIP Premia

Ece Ozge Emeksiz, Andres Fernandez, Nikhil Patel, Ivan Petrella and Tatjana Schulze

2026/161: Creditors’ Seniority and Sovereign Risk: Evidence from Debt Composition

Chiara Ferrero, Sansan Kambou and Kady Keita

2026/160: The Coming Great Repression? New Measures and a Century of Evidence

Marijn Bolhuis, Jakree Koosakul, Neil Shenai and Jie Yang

2026/159: Convergence from Above: When Global Catch-Up Reflects Falling Back

Patrick Imam

2026/158: Dominant Currency Pricing and Currency Risk Premia

Husnu Dalgic and Galip Kemal Ozhan

2026/157: The Generalized Jevons Paradox and the Future of Energy

William Oman, Etienne Espagne and Jean-Baptiste Fressoz

2026/156: Settlement Risk and Currency Markets

Seungduck Lee, Angelo Ranaldo and Tomohiro Tsuruga

2026/155: Industrial Policy and Trade Tensions in Strategic Sectors

Lorenzo Rotunno, Michele Ruta and Priyam Verma

2026/154: The Changing Landscape of Financial Integration in Asia-Pacific

Cristian Alonso, Tristan Hennig, Henry Hoyle, Haibo Li, Monica Petrescu, Ying Xu and Yizhi Xu

2026/153: Beyond the First Bond: Market Access and Debt Dynamics in Frontier Economies

Hasan Cetin and Sanan Mirzayev

2026/152: Taxing Cross-Border Services

Shafik Hebous, Brendan Crowley, Rasmi Das, Tibor Hanappi, Cory Hillier, Adam Jakubik, Eric Robert and Christophe Waerzeggers

2026/151: Closing the Gap: A LIC’s Policy Options Under an Aid Shock

Dawit Tessema and Sotima Koussere

2026/150: Graying Asia: How Aging Is Reshaping Banking

Haibo Li, Estelle Liu, Yinqiu Lu and Anne Oeking

2026/149: Tariff Pass-Through and Import Reallocation

JaeBin Ahn, Lorenzo Rotunno and Michele Ruta

2026/148: Pumps and Plates: Passthrough of International Fuel and Food Price Shocks to Domestic Markets

Huy Nguyen and Celine Thevenot

2026/147: Aggregate Gains from AI and Their Distribution: Global Evidence from Usage Data

Rachel Yuting Fan and Ha Nguyen

2026/146: What Drives Crypto Mining? Evidence from Hardware Imports

Andras Komaromi, Federico Grinberg, Diego Cerdeiro and Yang Liu

2026/145: Repo Rate Dynamics: The Role of Dealers, Hedge Funds, and Issuance

Kleopatra Nikolaou

2026/144: Stablecoins and Fragility in Fixed Exchange Rate Regimes

Brandon Tan

2026/143: Competition and Productivity in Middle East and Central Asia: What Role Do Tariffs Play?

Walid Faris, Etibar Jafarov and Umang Rawat

2026/142: Should Oil Economies Worry About Oil Shocks’ Impact on the Banking System? The Case of Oman

Yurii Sholomytskyi, Nathaniel Butler Blondel and Mumtaz Hussain

2026/141: Pricing Reform Progress: Evidence from Sovereign Spreads and Consensus Forecasts

Ken Miyajima

2026/140: Frontier Markets: Analyzing Drivers of Market Growth and Sovereign Risks

Younes Takki Chebihi, Naoya Kato, Maxwell Kushnir, Andreja Lenarcic, Yinhao Sun and Bilal Tabti

2026/139: Sovereign Risk and Natural Disaster Shocks: Unraveling the Domestic Yield Curve Response

Kangni Kpodar, Alassane Drabo and Carine Meyimdjui

2026/138: Resilience by Design: What Role Can Policy Frameworks Play in the Middle East and Central Asia?

Hasan Dudu, Troy Matheson, Dirk Muir, Karmen Naidoo, Salem Nechi and Pedro Rodriguez

2026/137: Credit Expansion in the Caucasus and Central Asia

Etibar Jafarov and Chingis Matayev

2026/136: Financial Market Infrastructures Evolution in a Tokenized Economy: Exploring blockchain implementation options for issuance, central clearing, settlement, and reporting

Yaiza Cabedo, Tommaso Mancini-Griffoli, Fabian Schär and Nicolas Zhang

2026/135: Upgrading the Global Financial Safety Net: Implications of a Synthetic Reserve Deposit

Giovanni Dell'Ariccia, Pascal Farahmand, Pierre-Olivier Gourinchas, Istvan Mak, Adrian Peralta-Alva and Francisco Roldan

2026/134: Assessing Macrofinancial Linkages in China Using a Machine-Learned Parsimonious VAR Model

Jin-Chuan Duan, Dimitrios Laliotis and Wei Sun

2026/133: Central Bank Communication in Times of Uncertainty: AI-assisted Decoding of Recent Trends in Europe

Francesca Caselli, Luisa Charry, Larry Cui, Pragyan Deb, Allan Dizioli, Alexandra Fotiou, Ben Park and Sebastian Weber

2026/132: Brazil's VAT Reform: Improving Equity

Ana Cebreiro Gomez and Christina Kolerus

2026/131: Optimal Currency Basket Estimation

Etienne Vaccaro-Grange

2026/130: The Political Economy of Foreign Exchange Interventions

Kodjovi Eklou

2026/129: Stablecoins and Macroeconomic Stability: A DSGE Investigation

Hui He, Yao Zhao and Dayong Zhou

2026/128: Climate Shocks, Debt Defaults and Investment in Climate Adaptation – Squaring an Impossible Trilemma

Constance de Soyres, Emmanuella Obeng and Joanne Tan

2026/127: Production Networks and the (Asymmetric) Transmission of Monetary Policy

Francesco Grigoli

2026/126: Minimum Wages and the Informality Constraint

Nils Lehr, Johanna Schauer and Hugo Tuesta

2026/125: Long-term Effects of US Tariff Increases on CAPDR

Alexander Subramaniam Beames

2026/124: The (Many) Consequences of the Housing Affordability Problem in the EU: A Machine-Learning Empirical Analysis

Jean-Jacques Hallaert and Iglika Vassileva

2026/123: Barriers to a European Banking Union

Damien Capelle, Adriano Fernandes, J.J. Kruger and Peter McAdam

2026/122: Targeting State Aid: Firm-level Evidence from France

Xun Li and Maryam Vaziri

2026/121: HANK-Based Fiscal Consolidation for a High-Debt Advanced Euro Area Economy

Gee Hee Hong, Naowar Mohiuddin, Rasmané Ouedraogo, Danila Smirnov and Maryam Vaziri

2026/120: Wage Dynamics in Europe: Drivers, Institutional Amplifiers, and Policy Spillovers

Kareem Ismail, Ana Lariau and Théodore Renault

2026/119: Central Clearing for Government Securities Repos: A CCP-Centric Perspective

Ismael Boudiaf

2026/118: ASEAN’s Trade and Investment in a Fragmented World

Giovanni Donato and Emmanouil Kitsios

2026/117: Decoding Fiscal Messaging: How G7 Finance Ministries Communicate

Tatiana Evdokimova and Patrick Imam

2026/116: Innovation, Human Capital, and Taxation: Evidence from a Structural Model of the Canadian Economy

Sandra Valentina Lizarazo

2026/115: Persistent Temperature, Capital Structure, and the Long-Run Level of Output

Ha Nguyen

2026/114: The EU’s Recovery and Resilience Facility: Experience and Lessons for the Next Multiannual Financial Framework

Matthias Busse, Francesca Caselli and Alexandra Fotiou

2026/113: The Sovereign-Bank Nexus in Emerging Markets and Developing Economies: Trends, Determinants, and Macrofinancial Implications

Torsten Wezel, Zulma Barrail and Salim Dehmej

2026/112: Drivers of Germany’s Growth Downturn

Johannes Kemp

2026/111: Political Fragility: The Economic Impact of Coups d’État

Luc Tucker and Idrissa Aladji Aya

2026/110: Peer Pressure: How Relative Debt Drives Emerging Market Sovereign Spreads

Carmen Avila-Yiptong, Georges Hatcherian and Mahamoud Islam

2026/109: There Will Be Liquidity! But Will There Be Transmission?

Gregorio Impavido and Shuyu Wang

2026/108: Leveraging Non-traditional Data for Macroeconomic Nowcasting: The Case of Morocco

Dina Hamed

2026/107: Nowcasting Low-Income Countries Through Global Linkages

Omer Faruk Akbal and Domenico Giannone

2026/106: The Growth Effects of Natural Disasters: Evidence From A Novel Global Dataset Over 1970-2023

Ha Nguyen, Mehdi Raissi, Bruno Versailles and Alice Tianbo Zhang

2026/105: Class Discipline, Class Size and Scholastic Achievement Across Countries: A Theoretical and Empirical View of Educational Production

Noam Gruber

2026/104: What Explains Timely Repayments to the IMF? The Roles of Policy Reforms and Borrower Fundamentals

Tsendsuren Batsuuri, Chiara Ferrero, Kalika Likhi and Andrew Swiston

2026/103: One Global Shock, Many Inflation Paths: Explaining Post-COVID Inflation Divergence

Patrick Imam and Tigran Poghosyan

2026/102: Monetary Policy Transmission in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from Emerging and Frontier Markets

Johanna Tiedemann, Olivier Bizimana and Kiswendsida Tougouma

2026/101: