Papers by AMB. Ahmed Musa
BackgroundPost-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is a dermatosis which can occur after succes... more BackgroundPost-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is a dermatosis which can occur after successful treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and is a public health problem in VL endemic areas. We conducted a systematic scoping review to assess the characteristics of published PKDL clinical studies, understand the scope of research and explore the feasibility and value of developing a PKDL individual patient data (IPD) platform.MethodsA systematic review of published literature was conducted to identify PKDL clinical studies by searching the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Ovid Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, WHO Global Index Medicus, PASCAL, Clinicaltrials.gov, Ovid Global Health, Cochrane Database and CENTRAL, and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. Only prospective studies in humans with PKDL diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up measurements between January 1973 and March 2023 were included. Extracted data includes variables on patient characteri...
This study was conducted to compare between two simple technical methods to produce low cost catf... more This study was conducted to compare between two simple technical methods to produce low cost catfish seeds for small-scale producers. This species is able to tolerate a wide range of environmental conditions and has fast growth rates, making it a suitable candidate for aquaculture in such countries. This activity has been hampered by a number of problems and constrains, includes shortage of good quality fingerlings and lack of well technical operational hatchery. Two incubation systems were used in similar eggs capacity. The hatchability percentage was calculated and the total cost of each was evaluated. The hatching percentage means of indoor incubation method (75.4%) is significantly higher than (p<0.05) outdoor base method (56%) in five trails. The total cost of incubations construction and materials was higher (221.5$) in indoor incubation method than outdoor happa base (48.6$). In the outcomes, use of happa base method is economically feasible than indoor incubation method.
Based on postcards and Instagram posts, Raphael Schwere and Ahmed M. Musa analyse the role of cam... more Based on postcards and Instagram posts, Raphael Schwere and Ahmed M. Musa analyse the role of camels in the colonial and contemporary imaginary of Somaliland. The paper deals with pastoralism and colonial conquest as well as with cultural heritage and processus of identity construction.
Pre-war livestock trading: complementarity, constraints and criticism
Bildhaan: An International Journal of Somali Studies, 2019
Photovoltaic Geographical Information System insolation data scaled to summer equivalent months w... more Photovoltaic Geographical Information System insolation data scaled to summer equivalent months was used to establish the relationship between solar energy and solar power output in Argungu, Kebbi State Northwestern Nigeria. It was observed that if storage option is coupled in the system 1kWp of solar PV is capable of satisfying a typical household electricity demand in Argungu. The output of the research also shows that, solar system can be a reliable system of renewable electricity generation in supplying based load in rural locations in the Northwestern Nigeria where solar energy resources are in abundant and significant percentage of the dwellers are living completely off grid without any hope of being connected to national grid. The finding of the research reveals that, with government fiscal incentives as a payment to the individuals investment in renewable energy, Nigeria has potential of becoming the leading renewable solar electricity country in the globe since 1kWp system...
Viruses, 2020
The risk of emergence and/or re-emergence of arthropod-borne viral (arboviral) infections is rapi... more The risk of emergence and/or re-emergence of arthropod-borne viral (arboviral) infections is rapidly growing worldwide, particularly in Africa. The burden of arboviral infections and diseases is not well scrutinized because of the inefficient surveillance systems in endemic countries. Furthermore, the health systems are fully occupied by the burden of other co-existing febrile illnesses, especially malaria. In this review we summarize the epidemiology and risk factors associated with the major human arboviral diseases and highlight the gap in knowledge, research, and control in Sudan. Published data in English up to March 2019 were reviewed and are discussed to identify the risks and challenges for the control of arboviruses in the country. In addition, the lack of suitable diagnostic tools such as viral genome sequencing, and the urgent need for establishing a genomic database of the circulating viruses and potential sources of entry are discussed. Moreover, the research and health...
Pastoralism, 2020
Livestock export from Somaliland to the Arabian Peninsula countries is an important economic acti... more Livestock export from Somaliland to the Arabian Peninsula countries is an important economic activity and the main source of Somaliland’s foreign exchange earnings. We have employed multiple regression time series analysis of secondary data to understand factors that influence the monthly volumes of small ruminants (sheep and goats) and cattle traded for export in three terminal markets in Somaliland. Results show that the Hajj season, number of livestock exporters active in the markets, market location and livestock ban imposed by the import countries are the main factors that influence the monthly volume of livestock transacted for export. Further, the results indicate that though drought does not influence the volume of small ruminants, it has an influence on the volume of cattle, while the implementation of quarantine stations has a significant influence on the volumes of livestock exports. Finally, border restrictions imposed by Ethiopia do not influence the volume of livestock...
International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology, 2019
In theory, it was conforming to the accepted standard the open economies grow faster than the clo... more In theory, it was conforming to the accepted standard the open economies grow faster than the closed economies, and respectable economic development level could be achieved. This paper investigates the dynamic impact of trade openness on the economic growth in Nigerian economy between 1980 - 2016 empirically. Secondary data were sourced, from the 2016 Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin’. The tests of diagnostic conducted are: cointegration test, unit root test and error correction model. The analysis result revealed the trade openness was found to have negatively impacted on the economic growth in both the short run and long run. Based on study findings, it is recommended that since the imports of the country are more than its export; the government needs to have the present efforts to sustain the diversification of the economy to achieve economic growth led by exports. Furthermore, the collaborative effort of government with private sectors should encourage the export sub...
Current Clinical Pharmacology, 2019
Background:Nowadays, ionizing radiation is used for several applications in medicine, industry, a... more Background:Nowadays, ionizing radiation is used for several applications in medicine, industry, agriculture, and nuclear power generation. Besides the beneficial roles of ionizing radiation, there are some concerns about accidental exposure to radioactive sources. The threat posed by its use in terrorism is of global concern. Furthermore, there are several side effects to normal organs for patients who had undergone radiation treatment for cancer. Hence, the modulation of radiation response in normal tissues was one of the most important aims of radiobiology. Although, so far, several agents have been investigated for protection and mitigation of radiation injury. Agents such as amifostine may lead to severe toxicity, while others may interfere with radiation therapy outcomes as a result of tumor protection. Metformin is a natural agent that is well known as an antidiabetic drug. It has shown some antioxidant effects and enhances DNA repair capacity, thereby ameliorating cell death ...
Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 2018
Purpose: Lung tissue is one of the most sensitive organs to ionizing radiation (IR). Early and la... more Purpose: Lung tissue is one of the most sensitive organs to ionizing radiation (IR). Early and late side effects of exposure to IR can limit the radiation doses delivered to tumors that are within or adjacent to this organ. Pneumonitis and fibrosis are the main side effects of radiotherapy for this organ. IL-4 and IL-13 have a key role in the development of pneumonitis and fibrosis. Metformin is a potent anti-fibrosis and redox modulatory agent that has shown radioprotective effects. In this study, we aimed to evaluate possible upregulation of these cytokines and subsequent cascades such as IL4-R1, IL-13R1, Dual oxidase 1 (DUOX1) and DUOX2. In addition, we examined the potential protective effect of metformin in these cytokines and genes, as well as histopathological changes in rat’s lung tissues. Methods: 20 rats were divided into 4 groups: control; metformin treated; radiation + metformin; and radiation. Irradiation was performed with a 60Co source delivering 15 Gray (Gy) to the c...
IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 2018
The increasing wireless data traffic demands have driven the need to explore suitable spectrum re... more The increasing wireless data traffic demands have driven the need to explore suitable spectrum regions for meeting the projected requirements. In the light of this, millimeter wave (mmWave) communication has received considerable attention from the research community. Typically, in fifth generation (5G) wireless networks, mmWave massive multiple-input multipleoutput (MIMO) communications is realized by the hybrid transceivers which combine high dimensional analog phase shifters and power amplifiers with lower-dimensional digital signal processing units. This hybrid beamforming design reduces the cost and power consumption which is aligned with an energyefficient design vision of 5G. In this paper, we track the progress in hybrid beamforming for massive MIMO communications in the context of system models of the hybrid transceivers' structures, the digital and analog beamforming matrices with the possible antenna configuration scenarios and the hybrid beamforming in heterogeneous wireless networks. We extend the scope of the discussion by including resource management issues in hybrid beamforming. We explore the suitability of hybrid beamforming methods, both, existing and proposed till first quarter of 2017, and identify the exciting future challenges in this domain.
Parasite immunology, Jan 31, 2017
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Sudan caused by Leishmania donovani is fatal in susceptible indivi... more Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Sudan caused by Leishmania donovani is fatal in susceptible individuals if untreated. Treatment with Sodium Stibogluconate (SSG) leads to post kala azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) in 58% of patients. Here Affymetrix microarrays were used to identify genes differentially expressed in lymph nodes (N=9 paired samples) pre- and post-treatment with SSG. Using the Bioconductor package limma, 438 genes from 28,869 post quality-control probe-sets were differentially expressed (Pnominal ≤0.02) post- versus pre-treatment. Canonical pathway analysis using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis(™) identified "Role of NFAT in Regulation of Immune Response" (Pnominal =1.35x10(-5) ; PBH-adjusted =4.79x10(-3) ), "B Cell Development" (Pnominal =2.04x10(-4) ; PBH-adjusted =0.024), "Fcγ Receptor-mediated Phagocytosis in Macrophages and Monocytes" (Pnominal =2.04x10(-4) ; PBH-adjusted =0.024), and "OX40 Signaling" (Pnominal =2.82x10(-4) ; PBH-...
This paper proposes a 60-GHz direct-conversion transmitter using an injection-locking I/Q calibra... more This paper proposes a 60-GHz direct-conversion transmitter using an injection-locking I/Q calibration. The 65-nm CMOS transmitter consists of a 5-stage PA, differential VGAs, up-conversion Gilbert-cell mixers, 60GHz quadrature injection-locked oscillators, baseband amplifiers, and 20GHz PLL. The measured sideband rejection ratio is 56 dB by using the proposed calibration technique. The transmitter consumes 240mW from a 1.2-V supply, and can transmit 7 Gb/s in 16QAM.
This work aims at developing flexible simulation model for orthogonal frequency division multiple... more This work aims at developing flexible simulation model for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). In this model, the system parameters such as modulation scheme symbol order, or the number of subcarriers can be changed easily according to specific OFDM system implementation. This system can serve as a key tool for researchers in the area of OFDM systems. In this work, the proposed model is used to conduct different experiments to examine the performance of OFDM system. For instance, the Bit Error Rates (BER) of OFDM system under different noise conditions have been computed. In 366 Aladdin Amro, Fadi Abu-Amara and Ahmed Musa addition, a comparison between BERs resulting from different constellation schemes have been performed. Simulation results indicate that the proposed model is working efficiently.
BMC Infectious Diseases, 2014
Background: Little is known about the parasite/host factors that lead to Post Kala-azar Dermal Le... more Background: Little is known about the parasite/host factors that lead to Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL) in some visceral leishmaniasis (VL) patients after drug-cure. Studies in Sudan provide evidence for association between polymorphisms in the gene (IFNGR1) encoding the alpha chain of interferon-γ receptor type I and risk of PKDL. This study aimed to identify putative functional polymorphisms in the IFNGR1 gene, and to determine whether differences in expression of interferon-γ (IFNG) and IFNGR1 at the RNA level are associated with pathogenesis of VL and/or PKDL in Sudan. Methods: Sanger sequencing was used to re-sequence 841 bp of upstream, exon1 and intron1 of the IFNGR1 gene in DNA from 30 PKDL patients. LAGAN and SYNPLOT bioinformatics tools were used to compare human, chimpanzee and dog sequences to identify conserved noncoding sequences carrying putative regulatory elements. The relative expression of IFNG and IFNGR1 in paired pre-and post-treatment RNA samples from the lymph nodes of 24 VL patients, and in RNA samples from skin biopsies of 19 PKDL patients, was measured using real time PCR. Pre-versus post-treatment expression was evaluated statistically using the nonparametric Wilcoxon matched pairs signed-rank test. Results: Ten variants were identified in the 841 bp of sequence, four of which are novel polymorphisms at -77A/G, +10 C/T, +18C/T and +91G/T relative to the IFNGR1 initiation site. A cluster of conserved non-coding sequences with putative regulatory variants was identified in the distal promoter of IFNGR1. Variable expression of IFNG was detected in lymph node aspirates of VL patients before treatment, with a marked reduction (P = 0.006) in expression following treatment. IFNGR1 expression was also variable in lymph node aspirates from VL patients, with no significant reduction in expression with treatment. IFNG expression was undetectable in the skin biopsies of PKDL cases, while IFNGR1 expression was also uniformly low. Conclusions: Uniformly low expression of IFN and IFNGR1 in PKDL skin biopsies could explain parasite persistence and is consistent with prior demonstration of genetic association with IFNGR1 polymorphisms. Identification of novel potentially functional rare variants at IFNGR1 makes an important general contribution to knowledge of rare variants of potential relevance in this Sudanese population.
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 2012
Journal of Tropical Medicine, 2013
Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is a dermatosis that affects more than 50% of successf... more Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is a dermatosis that affects more than 50% of successfully treated visceral leishmaniasis (VL) patients in Sudan. PKDL is considered an important reservoir for the parasite and its treatment may help in the control of VL. Currently, treatment is mainly with sodium stibogluconate (SSG), an expensive and fairly toxic drug and without universally in treatment protocols used. A literature review, a consensus of a panel of experts, and unpublished data formed the basis for the development of guidelines for the treatment of PKDL in the Sudan. Six treatment modalities were evaluated. Experts were asked to justify their choices based on their experience regarding of drug safety, efficacy, availability, and cost. The consensus was defined by assigning a categorical rank (first line, second line, third line) to each option. Regarding the use of AmBisome the presence of the drug in the skin was confirmed in smears from PKDL lesions. Recommendations: A...
African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine, 2013
Background: Tuberculosis is a major health problem in developing countries. The distinction betwe... more Background: Tuberculosis is a major health problem in developing countries. The distinction between tuberculous lymphadenitis, non-specific lymphadenitis and malignant lymph node enlargement has to be made at primary health care levels using easy, simple and cheap methods.Objective: To develop a reliable clinical algorithm for primary care settings to triage cases ofnon-specific, tuberculous and malignant lymphadenopathies.Methods: Calculation of the odd ratios (OR) of the chosen predictor variables was carried out using logistic regression. The numerical score values of the predictor variables were weighed against their respective OR. The performance of the score was evaluated by the ROC (ReceiverOperator Characteristic) curve.Results: Four predictor variables; Mantoux reading, erythrocytes sedimentation rate (ESR),nocturnal fever and discharging sinuses correlated significantly with TB diagnosis and were included in the reduced model to establish score A. For score B, the reduced ...
2010 IEEE Asian Solid-State Circuits Conference, 2010
This paper proposes a 60GHz quadrature PLL frequency synthesizer that has a tuning range capable ... more This paper proposes a 60GHz quadrature PLL frequency synthesizer that has a tuning range capable of covering the whole band specified by the IEEE802.15.3c with exceptional phase noise. The synthesizer is constructed using a 20GHz PLL that is coupled with a frequency tripler to generate the 60GHz signal. The 20GHz PLL generates a signal with a phase noise as low as -106dBc/Hz using tail feedback to improve the phase noise. The proposed 60GHz ILO uses a combination of parallel and tail injection to enhance the locking range by reducing the Injection Locked Oscillator (ILO) current at the moment of injection. Both the 20GHz PLL and the ILO were fabricated using a 65nm CMOS process and measurement results show a phase noise of -96dBc/Hz at 60GHz while consuming 77.5mW from a 1.2V supply. To to author's knowledge this phase noise is about 20dB better then recently reported QPLL and about 10dB compared to differential PLL operating at similar frequency.
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Papers by AMB. Ahmed Musa