Egypt has coastlines on both the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea which have been providing the ... more Egypt has coastlines on both the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea which have been providing the country with a wealth of marine resources, livelihoods, and food and minerals. However, due to several factors related to pollution, unsustainable practices and use of marine resources, etc. Egypt's marine and coastal ecosystems have been subjected to environmental degradation in recent years. Moreover, the potential climate change impacts will lead to further environmental damages and deterioration of Egypt's marine and coastal resources. This, in turn, will represent a challenge for the country to ensure the sustainable use of its resources and ecosystems and in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) especially as pertain to the sustainable use of marine and coastal resources (i.e., SDG 14). This paper sets out to discuss Egypt's marine and coastal resources within the context of the country's aspirations to implement a blue economy approach as means of achieving the sustainable use of its marine and coastal resources to support livelihoods as well as continue to provide food and resources in a sustainable manner. The discussion on the blue economy will be presented by first providing a qualitative assessment of the marine and coastal ecosystem. Then, a valuation assessment will attempt to provide estimates of the costs of damages and environmental degradation for marine and coastal ecosystems in Egypt in 2020. Keywords: Blue economy, marine and coastal resources and ecosystems, damages to coral reefs, sustainable fisheries, ballast water, damage costs of environmental impacts, climate change impacts on marine ecosystems, SDG 14.
Egypt has been facing environmental degradation which is not only impacting the quality of life b... more Egypt has been facing environmental degradation which is not only impacting the quality of life but also the country's ability to achieve its sustainable development plans as delineated in its Vision 2030. Most notably, there is a significant strain on land resources resulting in cropland degradation and losses. Furthermore, there are unsustainable waste management practices as the treatment and disposal of waste remain a problem in Egypt. To this end, this paper attempts to estimate the environmental damage costs for land degradation and waste management for Egypt in 2020. The process and methodology for the rapid Assessment of the Economic Costs of Environmental Degradation (COED) utilized in this paper is based essentially on the methodology developed by the World Bank Mediterranean Environmental Technical Assistance Program (METAP). The results of the rapid COED presented in this paper could be used as an instrument for integrating environmental issues into economic and social development planning in Egypt. Furthermore, it could help improve the process of environmental priority setting to achieve reductions in the overall cost of environmental degradation in Egypt.
Cost of Environmental Degradation (COED) is considered one of the main environmental performance ... more Cost of Environmental Degradation (COED) is considered one of the main environmental performance indicators that provides degradation values per environmental category. The results of the COED could help inform decision-maker choices and improve the sustainable and growth strategies' outcomes. This paper sets out to produce a rapid COED for Egypt for the year 2020 for air and water as the two main environmental categories that impact the quality of life of Egyptians. As the first COED estimates for Egypt date back to the early 2000s, and partial COEDs were carried out in the 2010s, this paper would update the results for the most recent years for which data are available as means of determining the trends in environmental degradation and the specific areas of air and water where sustainable environmental management is most needed. Also, the results of the COED provide Egyptian policymakers with an important tool to support them in making informed choices and better integrate the environment into economic development decisions.
Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development, 2015
It is predicted that the global phenomena of Climate change will have far reaching effects and im... more It is predicted that the global phenomena of Climate change will have far reaching effects and implications on different local urban systems. For incidence, global average sea levels are expected to rise between 7 and 36 cm by the 2050s, and between 9 and 69 cm by the 2080s. Waterfront communities are the first to be affected by such impacts, putting them at high risk. Planning strategies are needed to assist these communities and increase their adaptive and learning capacities in the face of diverse challenges to their urban subsystems. The research investigates a number of sustainability frameworks and assessment rating systems for neighbourhoods and communities. It investigates the sustainable evaluation criteria carried out by three assessment rating systems. First is the LEED (Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design, USA), the second is the BREEAM (Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method, UK), and the third is the Estidama PEARL rating system (UAE).Examples of waterfront communities which applied the previous rating systems are analysed in order to determine the applicability and relevance of these systems to waterfront communities in particular. The research concludes with a proposed framework of indicators for waterfront communities. The similarities and differences between the three rating systems and featured indicators specific to waterfront planning applied in the analysed examples; yet absent in the three rating systems, have informed the selection of indicators in the proposed assessment framework. The proposed framework could be an effective tool for the planning and development of à waterfront community in the MENA (the port region). In order to validate the framework, the set of environmental and physical indicators were applied on the case study of Abu Qir waterfront, Alexandria, Egypt. Conclusions and recommendations are made that would enhance the resilience of this waterfront community and provide a comprehensive tool for its sustainable planning.
Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector, 2021
Normally, in unfamiliar urban environments, wayfinding process obliges human beings to recognize ... more Normally, in unfamiliar urban environments, wayfinding process obliges human beings to recognize the urban street network to be able to have a good sense of orientation. Wayfinding is the ability to reach a destination from an origin which requires a high awareness of the space navigated. In this concern, Lynch's theory of legibility has been essential in the urban design and planning fields showing the concept of urban imageability that is dependent on five elements which include paths, edges, nodes, landmarks and districts. However, recent research has suggested that planning according to the urban fabric typologies could address the limitations of Lynch's approach to urban spatial cognition. From this perspective, this research employs a methodology that combines a set of guidelines considering the imageability of streets which should enable appropriate distribution of the visual clues according to the typology of the urban fabric to guide the pedestrians through their walking trips in order to reach easily their destinations. Furthermore, the research follows a comparative analysis between the legibility of the radial, curvilinear and organic urban fabric typologies of Lisburn city centre in Northern Ireland, UK which signifies that the radial urban fabric is the most legible typology which provides the most essential features for efficient pedestrian wayfinding.
2017 2nd International Conference on the Applications of Information Technology in Developing Renewable Energy Processes & Systems (IT-DREPS), 2017
One popular application for big data is matrix multiplication, which has been solved using many a... more One popular application for big data is matrix multiplication, which has been solved using many approaches. Recently, researchers have applied MapReduce as a new approach to solve this problem. In this paper, we provide a review for matrix multiplication of big data using MapReduce. This review includes the techniques for solving matrix multiplication using MapReduce, the time-complexity and the number of mappers needed for each technique. Moreover, this review provides the number of articles published between the year 2010 and 2016 for each of the following three topics: Big Data, Matrix Multiplication, and MapReduce.
International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET), 2020
Mobile learning is an extended version of e-learning. The revolution of handheld devices had enco... more Mobile learning is an extended version of e-learning. The revolution of handheld devices had encouraged design courses to be compatible with different mobiles versions, brands and platforms. Mobile exams need more attention to strengthen mobile learning certificates. A major issue with mobile exam is student authentication and identification before and during exam session. With no presence of proctor, more techniques are available to ensure student identification. In this paper, we proposed a model that uses a traditional username and password in addition to the biometric iris recognition technique to verify student identity before and during mobile exams.
International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering and Development, 2018
Hotel building is developing rapidly due to the function of hotel industry. The hotel industry is... more Hotel building is developing rapidly due to the function of hotel industry. The hotel industry is transforming the traveling concept all over the world due to the development of technology and new trends. Hotel building is a facility that provide services like shelter, food, refreshment, and similar services and goods. As the buildings design and new construction trends develops; the Building Information Modeling (BIM) industry was invented. The BIM Process was developed to be managed by a BIM Execution Plan (BIMxp) that maintain the BIM process during the different phases of the project by selecting the BIM uses that provides the needed information through the different project phases. This paper aims at clarify the process of setting the importance of the BIM uses for hotel building at the detailed design phase. By analyzing the information and problems by previous researches to select the goals of the hotel building design. Then identifying the information needed and the goals that is related to the BIM uses in a matrix to determine the rank of each BIM uses.
Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector, 2019
Education is one of the major sectors of national development. People devote their time in educat... more Education is one of the major sectors of national development. People devote their time in educational buildings which must be constructed to shelter inhabitants against any unfavorable outside conditions and to offer them a healthy, comfortable and sustainable environment. Learning and Studying is a very concentrated and complex procedure which requires a lot of mental work. Thus, it requires an area with a good quality of air flow and natural ventilation to thermally satisfy inhabitants which can possibly increase their productivity. Currently, many educational buildings have some problems with poor natural ventilation and indoor air quality. When it comes to design of educational buildings architects most commonly rely on fulfilling the functional requirements. However, for a sustainable educational environment, natural ventilation design measures must be taken into account. A healthy and comfortable indoor condition heavily depend on the design and operation of the natural ventilation system which comply on actual standards. Therefore, this paper will analyze natural ventilation design measures in Mediterranean climatic region which have an impact on airflow on a private educational building in Corte Madera, California .
Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, 2019
This paper presents a direct synthesis approach for UWB BPFs. The modified Chebyshev filtering fu... more This paper presents a direct synthesis approach for UWB BPFs. The modified Chebyshev filtering function is used to characterize the frequency response over the whole frequency range of the BPF. As for the filter's circuit, open circuited MMR capacitively coupled with I/O ports is used, and two shunt short-circuited stubs are placed at the two ends of the connecting line to sharpen the rejecting skirt of the passband. The equivalent circuit's transfer function is derived. By equating the filtering function to the transfer function of the circuit, the design parameters are obtained. The uniform connecting line is then replaced by nonuniform line to suppress spurious harmonics and achieve very wide stopband. In order to avoid critical precision requirement in the fabrication of the filter, we design the filter using suspended stripline (SSL) technology to replace the parallel-coupled microstrip lines (PCML) with very small coupling gaps. Finally, a filter prototype is designed and fabricated to experimentally validate the presented method. Experimental results show good agreement with EM-simulated and theoretical ones.
Frontiers in Applied Mathematics and Statistics, 2019
In this paper, we propose a fractional generalization of the well-known Laguerre differential equ... more In this paper, we propose a fractional generalization of the well-known Laguerre differential equation. We replace the integer derivative by the conformable derivative of order 0 < α < 1. We then apply the Frobenius method with the fractional power series expansion to obtain two linearly independent solutions of the problem. For certain eigenvalues, the infinite series solution truncate to obtain the singular and non-singular fractional Laguerre functions. We obtain the fractional Laguerre functions in closed forms, and establish their orthogonality result. The applicability of the new fractional Laguerre functions is illustrated.
The development objectives of the project are to assist the Borrower in: (a) reducing industrial ... more The development objectives of the project are to assist the Borrower in: (a) reducing industrial pollution in targeted Industrial Enterprises; and (b) strengthening the monitoring and enforcement capabilities of the MOE. Has the Project Development Objective been changed since Board Approval of the Project? Yes No Component(s) Component Name Component Cost A. Technical Assistance (parallel financing) 3.00 B. Investment Sub-projects (IBRD) 15.00
The economy is driven by a dynamic private sector and is dependent on financial flows from Arab G... more The economy is driven by a dynamic private sector and is dependent on financial flows from Arab Gulf countries. Despite the significant financial resources, growth and job creation performance are under potential because of several factors, such as the country's macroeconomic volatility, distorted product and labor markets, and poor governance. In 2012, the unemployment rate was 11 percent, and was particularly high among women (18 percent) and youth (34 percent) .
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Papers by Alaa Sarhan