Arup Mitra

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Papers by Arup Mitra

Rural Migrants and Labour Segmentation

Economic and Political Weekly, Jan 12, 2002

Whether people benefit sizeably by migrating from rural to urban areas is a question that has loo... more Whether people benefit sizeably by migrating from rural to urban areas is a question that has loomed large in development economics literature. Based on a primary survey carried out among slum-dwellers in Delhi, this study examines the links between duration of migration, distance of migration, occupation and the incidence of poverty. With experience, it is found that migrants are more likely to move from low income and casual jobs to high income and regular jobs, and thus undergo an increase in their standards of living.

A letter to mother : from destruction to construction

... Published by ATLANTIC PUBLISHERS AND DISTRIBUTORS B-2, Vishal Enclave, Opp. ... Ravi imitated... more

K. V. Ramaswamy (Edt.), Labour, Employment and Economic Growth in India

Journal of Economics Bibliography, Jun 18, 2016

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Economic Growth, Poverty, and Inequality in Indian States in the Pre-reform and Reform Periods

Asian development review, 2004

The paper assesses the impact of economic reforms on poverty incidence by decomposing the change ... more The paper assesses the impact of economic reforms on poverty incidence by decomposing the change in poverty ratio into growth/mean effect, inequality effect, and population shift effect for the rural and urban areas of 15 major states and at the all-India level. Using National Sample Surveys, data were analyzed for two time periods: (i) 1983 to 1993/4 and (ii) 1993/4 to 1999/2000, broadly representing the pre-reform and reform period, respectively. The growth/mean effect dominates in both periods over the inequality effect and the population shift effect. The growth effect, which is beneficial for poverty reduction, seems to have gone up in the reform period. The adverse inequality effect also fell during the reform period. States with a greater beneficial growth effect in the reform period also show a fall in the magnitude of an adverse population shift effect in the urban areas, i.e., a relatively smaller increase in the incidence of urban poverty caused by rural-urban migration.

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Labour market changes and living standards : a study of homeless population in Japan and slums in India

Institute of Developing Economies, Japan External Trade Organization eBooks, 2006

... For the low income households residing in slums/squatter settlements, a micro-survey of 200 h... more

Growth, Informal Sector Employment and Poverty

Upward Mobility of the Disadvantaged Sections

Growth, health and gender imbalance: evidence from India

Area development and policy, Mar 26, 2019

In an examination of the relationships between imbalanced gender ratios and the growth-healthpove... more In an examination of the relationships between imbalanced gender ratios and the growth-healthpoverty nexus, a simultaneous equation model (based on panel data) identifies an adverse impact of poor health conditions on the gender ratio. Better health services and health outcomes can raise the survival rate of girl children and women, while a higher gender ratio (a greater presence of women) is associated with an increased survival rate of girl children. Economic growth alone is not sufficient to curb gender inequality, but the female labour force participation rate does have favourable effects on the gender ratio, indicating the wide social and economic implications of women's access to resources.

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Rural-To-Urban Migration, Urban Workforce and Tertiary Sector Employment : Inter-Relationship

Artha Vijnana: Journal of The Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, Jun 1, 1992

&quot;In this study, it is argued that the rural to urban migration rate is both influenced b... more

Issues in upward mobility: Study based on longitudinal data from Delhi slums

Habitat international, Apr 1, 2016

This study based on two primary surveys of the same households in two different years (2007/08 an... more This study based on two primary surveys of the same households in two different years (2007/08 and 2012) assesses the extent of inter-temporal change in income of the individual workers and makes an attempt to identify important correlates of upward mobility in alternate econometric model, envisaging endogeneity problem. It also encompasses a host of indicators of wellbeing and constructs the transition matrix to capture the extent of change over time at the household level. The findings are indicative of a rise in the income of workers across a sizeable percentage of households though many of them remained below the poverty line notwithstanding this increase. In fact, there is a wide spread deterioration in the wellbeing index constructed at the household level. Among several determinants of income-rise two important policy prescriptions can be elicited. Inadequate education reduces the probability of upward mobility while education above a threshold level raises it. Savings are crucial for upward mobility impinging on the importance of asset creation. Views that entail neighbourhood spill-over effects also received validation.

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Shedding light on unnoticed gems in India: A small town’s growth perspective

Land Use Policy, Sep 1, 2022

Slums as Vote Banks and Residents' Access to Basic Amenities: The Role of Political Contact and its Determinants

Indian Journal of Human Development, 2007

This paper analyses the slum dwellers' access to basic amenities and how they manage to gain acce... more This paper analyses the slum dwellers' access to basic amenities and how they manage to gain access to these amenities. According to the data based on associations between the Indian states' shares of slums, the proportions of notified slums, and the prevailing conditions in slums in terms of basic amenities, political contact is a key factor in this area. The slum survey data (2004-05), which is based on the political economy framework, shows that political contact facilitates easier access to certain facilities, including land tenure and basic amenities. The logit model identifies determinants of political contact by examining social networks and individual endowments. This paper argues that while political accessibility is crucial for the survival strategy, the vulnerability of slum dwellers hardly diminishes in the long run; on the contrary, the political use of slums as "vote banks" perpetuates this vulnerability. Certain findings suggest that strong social networks can prevent low-income households from falling into political traps. It is possible for these households to access amenities and improved living conditions through their own efforts and through social capital, without essentially becoming a part of any political party.

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Agriculture and its Integration with National Accounts Statistics: The Indian Case

Agricultural Journal, May 1, 2012

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Homelessness in France: Labour-market implications

Urbani izziv, 2011

This paper analyses homelessness in France with regard to three major mutually interacting sets o... more This paper analyses homelessness in France with regard to three major mutually interacting sets of factors: labour-market strains, illegal migration and institutional inadequacy. Macroeconomic challenges have resulted in the loss of jobs and subsequent labour-market hardships, and these have tended to affect those without adequate skills. As a result, labour-market problems together with a lack of social capital and adequate housing at affordable prices, accompanied by insufficient institutional support, has resulted in increased homelessness. All of this indicates that there should be active government intervention in the housing market in order to create space for the

format_quoteThe visibility of homelessness increased during the 1980s economic crisis, leading to higher insecurity from unemployment.format_quote

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Dimensions and determinants of upward mobility: a study based on longitudinal data from Delhi slums

RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, Mar 1, 2014

This study based on two primary surveys of the same households in two different years (2007/08 an... more This study based on two primary surveys of the same households in two different years (2007/08 and 2012) assesses the extent of inter-temporal change in income of the individual workers and makes an attempt to identify the factors which explain upward mobility in alternate econometric framework, envisaging endogeneity problem. It also encompasses a host of indicators of wellbeing and constructs the transition matrix to capture the extent of change over time at the household level. The findings are indicative of a rise in the income of workers across a sizeable percentage of households though many of them remained below the poverty line notwithstanding this increase. In fact, there is a wide spread deterioration in the wellbeing index constructed at the household level. Among several determinants of income rise two important policy prescriptions can be elicited. Inadequate education reduces the probability of upward mobility while education above a threshold level raises it. Savings are crucial for upward mobility impinging on the importance of asset creation. Views that entail neighbourhood spill-over effects also received validation. Besides, investment in housing and basic amenities turns out to be crucial for improvement in wellbeing levels.

format_quoteHigher income in the base year negatively impacts upward mobility, suggesting those already affluent may realize less income growth over time.