Papers by Eric Danso-Boateng
Biofouling in the petroleum industry
Advances in Nanotechnology for Marine Antifouling
Water
Adsorption of methylene blue (MB) dye from an aqueous solution onto hydrochars produced from brow... more Adsorption of methylene blue (MB) dye from an aqueous solution onto hydrochars produced from brown seaweed (Fucus Serratus) (FS-HC), coconut shell (CS-HC), and oak wood (Oak-HC) at different temperatures (200–250 °C) was investigated in a batch system. Response surface modelling (RSM) was used to investigate the effect of initial MB concentration (50–300 mg/L), contact time (0–240 min), and solution pH (2–12) on the adsorption process. RSM was also used to model and optimise these parameters for efficient adsorption. Kinetic and isotherms studies were carried out to study the adsorption mechanism onto the hydrochars. It was found that the best adsorbent from the RSM model was FS-HC200, and the optimal conditions for greater MB dye uptake were lower initial MB concentration (50 mg/L), pH 6 and contact time of 84 min; removing >99% of MB. Langmuir and Redlich–Peterson isotherm models fitted the adsorption of MB onto hydrochars prepared at 200 and 250 °C. Freundlich and Redlich–Pete...
Bioenergy and biofuel production from biomass using thermochemical conversions technologies—a review
AIMS Energy
Biofuel and bioenergy production from diverse biomass sources using thermochemical technologies o... more Biofuel and bioenergy production from diverse biomass sources using thermochemical technologies over the last decades has been investigated. The thermochemical conversion pathways comprise dry processes (i.e., torrefaction, combustion, gasification, and pyrolysis), and wet processes (i.e., liquefaction, supercritical water gasification, and hydrothermal carbonisation). It has been found that the thermochemical processes can convert diverse biomass feedstocks to produce bioenergy sources such as direct heat energy, as well as solid, liquid and gaseous biofuels for instance biochar, bio-oil and syngas. However, some of these processes have limitations that impede their large-scale utilisation such low energy efficiency, high costs, and generation of harmful chemicals that cause environmental concerns. Efforts are being made extensively to improve the conversion technologies in order to reduce or solve these problems for energy efficiency improvement. In this review, the emerging devel...
SN Applied Sciences
The present study addresses the production of hydrochars from brown seaweed (Fucus serratus) (FS-... more The present study addresses the production of hydrochars from brown seaweed (Fucus serratus) (FS-HCs), coconut shell (CS-HCs), and oak (Oak-HCs) as potential adsorbents using hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC). The effect of HTC processing temperature on the physicochemical adsorbent characteristics of the hydrochars is investigated at different temperatures (200, 220, 250 °C) using a hydrothermal batch reactor. Increasing HTC temperature causes the formation of many spheres in CS-HCs and Oak-HCs, increasing their porosity, except FS-HCs. The surface area of the hydrochars increases with increasing HTC temperature; 10.93–12.78 m2/g for FS-HCs, 2.18–21.94 m2/g for CS-HCs, except for Oak-HCs which decreases from 4.89 to 3.09 m2/g. Increasing HTC temperature decreases volatile matter content in the hydrochars, increases fixed carbon content, and decreases H/C ratio (except for FS-HCs) and O/C ratio of the hydrochars. For all the hydrochars, increasing the HTC temperature results in a sli...
Soaps and Detergents
Chemical and Process Industries, 2021
Soaps and detergents are used in every household for cleansing, and other purposes such as in cos... more Soaps and detergents are used in every household for cleansing, and other purposes such as in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. This chapter, therefore, presents the processing technologies for the manufacturing of different types of soaps and detergents. Ingredients used in soap making are covered in detail including fats and oils, alkali salts/bases and additives. Before being used in soap making, fats and oils are pretreated through the processes of degumming, deodorization, fractionation, hydrogenation and bleaching. The different types of soaps are covered which are liquid, powdered and bar soaps and the soap-making methods, namely, neutral fat saponification and fatty neutralization processes have been presented in detail. The different types of detergents and their formulation methods have been covered including dishwashing cleaners, household cleaners, general purpose cleaners, degreasers, bathroom cleaners, toilet cleaners, glass cleaners, among others. Information on ingredie...
Cement and Clay Products Technology
Cement is used mostly in the construction, plumbing and masonry industries where it finds its app... more Cement is used mostly in the construction, plumbing and masonry industries where it finds its application in the production of concrete, preparation of mortar, marking grout, and the preparation of stucco. Two types of cement are used in the construction industry, namely hydraulic cements (e.g. lime, gypsum plasters, oxychloride) and non-hydraulic cement (e.g. Portland cement). There are special cements that have Portland as the base but formulated for special applications, such as expansive cement, super high strength, alinite and special high C2S cements. In this chapter, the chemistry of cement manufacture and the production processes have been covered. Refractories that are ceramic materials with high strength and fracture toughness have also been covered. They are inert to most chemical attacks, abrasion-resistant and can withstand high temperatures above 1100 °C. The techniques used to manufacture refractory materials have been presented in this chapter, namely the mold and burn process, electric fusion process and ceramic fiber formation process. There are safety and environmental concerns associated with the production and use of cement such as noise pollution, emissions of dust particles, chromium content and the release of large amounts of CO2, NOx and SOx emissions. Methods applied to minimize and control the safety and environmental problems have been considered. Finally, an overview of the cement industry in Ghana has been presented.
The effects of enzyme action and heat pretreatment on oil extraction yield from sunflower kernels... more The effects of enzyme action and heat pretreatment on oil extraction yield from sunflower kernels were analysed using hexane extraction with Soxhlet, and aqueous extraction with incubator shaker. Ground kernels of raw and heat treated kernels, each with and without Viscozyme treatment were used. Microscopic images of the kernels were taken to analyse the visible effects of each treatment on the cotyledon cell structure of the kernels. Heat pretreated kernels before both extraction processes produced enhanced oil extraction yields than the control, with steam explosion the most efficient. In hexane extraction, applying a combination of steam explosion and Viscozyme treatments to the kernels before the extraction gave the maximum oil extractable in 1 hour; while for aqueous extraction, raw kernels treated with Viscozyme gave the highest oil extraction yield. Remarkable cotyledon cell disruption was evident in kernels treated with Viscozyme; whereas steam explosion and conventional hea...
Chemical and Process Industries, 2021
Paper has many uses such as in writing, printing, packaging, paper money, cheques voucher, cleani... more Paper has many uses such as in writing, printing, packaging, paper money, cheques voucher, cleaning, as construction materials, etc. Based on its applications, paper may be characterized as bank paper, book paper, bond paper, construction paper, cotton paper, electronic paper, photo paper, wallpaper, etc. The popular raw materials used to make paper are esparto-grass, straw, wood, flax, hemp, jute and rags-cotton and linen. The paper manufacturing process consists of two main stages: pulp making and conversion of pulp into paper. The process of producing pulp may be done by chemical or mechanical means, or by a combination of both depending on the nature of raw material used and the end application of the produced paper. Three operations are required to manufacture paper that are beating, conversion of pulp to paper and finishing. This chapter comprehensively covers the types of papers, their uses, raw materials and their manufacturing processes. Pulp and paper mills have adverse effects on the environment such as depletion of forest covers, and chemical pollution caused by liquid effluent discharges, solid wastes and air emissions from particulates, H 2 S, NO x , SO x . These have been covered in detail including means to reduce their emissions and treatment methods.
Water and Environment Journal, 2020
Drinking water quality of surface and underground water within 1.34 km from a waste landfill site... more Drinking water quality of surface and underground water within 1.34 km from a waste landfill site in Kumasi, Ghana was investigated. Physico‐chemical properties and heavy metal concentrations were analysed to determine water quality and pollution indices. It was found that turbidity of 83% of hand dug wells, 50% of the streams and 33% of boreholes were higher than World Health Organisation (WHO) standards for drinking water. Water quality index (WQI) showed that 25% of the water sources are of excellent quality, while 50%, 15% and 5% are good quality, poor quality, very poor quality and unsuitable for drinking, respectively. Heavy metal pollution index (HPI) indicated that the water sources were above the critical limit for drinking water (HPI > 100). Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed 75.30% and 70.88% of the total variance for the physico‐chemical parameters and heavy metals, respectively. The findings concluded that cadmium concentrations in all the water sources were...
Milk and Dairy Products Manufacture
Chemical and Process Industries, 2021
This chapter covers the various milk and dairy products produced from cow’s milk. The quality con... more This chapter covers the various milk and dairy products produced from cow’s milk. The quality control measures in the dairy industry and the testing techniques have been presented. Typical quality analysis includes taste and smell made at the farm, bacteria count, protein content, fat content, and freezing point. Processes for the manufacture of the different milk and dairy products have been included in detail such as pasteurized milk, Extended Shelf-life (ESL) milk, long shelf-life milk, evaporated milk, condensed milk, fermented milk products (e.g., yoghurt, cultured/sour cream, cheese), ice cream, milk powders, whey products (e.g., demineralized whey, whey power, lactose, whey protein concentrates, whey protein isolates,) using different membrane techniques, chromatographic techniques, ion exchange and electrodialysis. Environmental effects associated with the dairy products manufacture and the treatment methods have been elaborated. These include types of waste generated in dairy processing and minimization strategies, the types of wastewater treatment technologies in the dairy industry covering the primary, secondary for treatment of organic matter (e.g. aerobic and anaerobic processes), and tertiary for removal of phosphorous (e.g. the Struvite process) as well as advanced treatments for reuse such as membrane filtration and reverse osmosis.
international food research journal, 2013
Basil (Ocimum viride) leaves were dried using five different drying methods: microwavedrying at p... more Basil (Ocimum viride) leaves were dried using five different drying methods: microwavedrying at power 3, oven-drying at 110 o C, hot-air-drying at 100 o C, sun-drying at 33 o C, and ambient-air-drying at 28 o C. The object was to analyse the effect of the drying methods on the nutritional characteristics of the spicy basil leave. Moisture content of the fresh and dried leaves was determined using laboratory oven kept at 105±3 o C for 24 h. Extracts from fresh and dried leaves samples were analysed for protein, iron (using UV spectrophotometer), and carbohydrates (using handheld refractometer). Microwave-drying and oven drying were the methods that produced the best results for preserving most nutrients compared to the fresh herb, whereas ambient-air-drying, hot-air-drying, and sun-drying brought about substantial losses in basil leave nutritional values. Microwave-drying was the optimum method for basil leave drying as it required shorter treatment time of 4 min and gave the best re...
Cocoa Processing and Chocolate Manufacture
Chemical and Process Industries, 2021
Chocolate is a vital ingredient in several foods and drinks. Chocolate and other cocoa products a... more Chocolate is a vital ingredient in several foods and drinks. Chocolate and other cocoa products are produced from cocoa beans by different companies all over the world. Different types of chocolate are produced using different blends of ingredients, namely plain dark chocolate, milk chocolate and white chocolate. Many processing steps are required, and the procedures are complex. Some of the processes are carried out by the farmers namely cocoa harvesting, fermentation and drying of the cocoa beans. The refined cocoa beans are transported to the chocolate manufacturing industries for cleaning, roasting, grinding and other processing steps. The processing steps such as fermentation, drying and roasting influence the characteristics flavor and taste of the final chocolate. Quality control is essential in the chocolate industry. Consistent control and management of the cocoa butter composition, contamination and bacteria (Salmonella) across all areas of the process are required. Howeve...
Biomass hydrothermal carbonisation for sustainable engineering
Hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) could form the basis for rendering human faecal wastes safe whil... more Hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) could form the basis for rendering human faecal wastes safe whilst at the same time generating a carbon-rich material (hydrochar) and providing prospects for the recovery of energy. The work presented here has an objective of the search for optimal conditions for the HTC conversion of human faecal waste. Primary sewage sludge (PSS) and synthetic faeces (SF), of various moisture contents, were used as feedstocks to investigate the kinetics of decomposition of solids during HTC over a range of reaction times and temperatures. Decomposition was found to follow first-order kinetics, and the corresponding activation energies were obtained. Temperature was of primary importance to influence solid decomposition. Higher temperatures resulted in higher solids conversion to hydrochar. The energy contents of the hydrochars from PSS carbonised at 140 200oC for 4 h ranged from 21.5 to 23.1 MJ kg 1. Moisture content was found to affect the HTC process and feedstoc...
Chemical and Process Industries: With Examples of Industries in Ghana
Chemical and Process Industries, 2021
Manufacture of Crude Palm Oil and Refined Palm Oil
Chemical and Process Industries, 2021
Palm oil is currently the most widely produced and consumed vegetable oil in the world and has ma... more Palm oil is currently the most widely produced and consumed vegetable oil in the world and has many uses as a raw material for food and non-food industries. Palm oil contains several phytonutrients such as tocols, carotenoids, phytosterols, squalene, lecithin, co-enzyme Q10, and polyphenols as well as minerals in measurable quantities namely calcium, potassium, iron, zinc and magnesium. The market of crude palm oil is determined by many indicators such as free fatty acid (FFA) content, iodine value, density, melting point, cloud point, flash point, etc. Crude palm oil (CPO) is obtained from the ripped fruit of the oil palm plant through five basic operations, namely, sterilization, threshing/striping, digestion, pressing and clarification. To produce refined palm oil (RPO), the objectionable impurities in the CPO are removed to obtain the required levels using two main methods: chemical or alkali refining and physical refining methods. Either of these is followed by fractionation as...
Low-cost biomass as adsorbents for the removal of heavy metal ions from industrial wastewater used for crop irrigation in developing countries
Freshwater scarcity has prompted farmers in developing countries to rely on wastewater for agricu... more Freshwater scarcity has prompted farmers in developing countries to rely on wastewater for agriculture. However, the concentrations of heavy metals in the wastewaters are found to be above the WHO/FAO recommended thresholds. This inherently presents concern particularly as it relates human health. Although, several conventional wastewater treatment technologies exist; their applications are limited by high procurement, operation and maintenance costs. Currently, studies on biomass wastes as low cost adsorbents are gaining momentum. In this study, coco-peat was considered for heavy metals removal. In this context, batch experiments were carried out in triplicates at 3 different contact times and pH. After 2hr of contact time at pH9, the coco-peat was proven to have Cr removal efficiency of 91.6% against 73.2% using an activated bone char; and 95.0% for Pb(II) against 91.2% for the bone char. This suggests that the use of coco-peat can provide cost effective means for metal removal fr...
In this study, physical, chemical and bacteriological qualities of bottled and plastic-bagged dri... more In this study, physical, chemical and bacteriological qualities of bottled and plastic-bagged drinking water sold and/or produced in Kumasi, Ghana, were examined to compare their compliance with World Health Organisation (WHO) and Ghana Standard Authority (GSA) standards. One hundred and ninety-eight (198) samples representing 22 brands from 5 bottled water and 17 plastic-bagged water were collected randomly from street vendors, local markets and shops and analysed for physical, chemical and bacteriological water quality parameters using WHO analytical methods. Temperatures of all the samples analysed were higher than the WHO/GSA standard. Forty percent (40%) of the bottled water and 5.88% of plastic-bagged water had pH values lower than WHO/GSA standard. All other physical and chemical parameters analysed were within the WHO/GSA acceptable standards. Total coliforms, faecal coliforms and enterococci bacteria were not present in any of the water brands. The results of this study ind...
Crude Oil Refinery and Refinery Products
Chemical and Process Industries, 2021
The Extractive Metallurgy Industry
Chemical and Process Industries, 2021
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Papers by Eric Danso-Boateng