Rice is a global food grain crop for more than one-third of the human population and a source for... more Rice is a global food grain crop for more than one-third of the human population and a source for food and nutritional security. Rice production is subjected to various stresses; blast disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the major biotic stresses that has the potential to destroy total crop under severe conditions. In the present review, we discuss the importance of rice and blast disease in the present and future global context, genomics and molecular biology of blast pathogen and rice, and the molecular interplay between rice–M. oryzae interaction governed by different gene interaction models. We also elaborated in detail on M. oryzae effector and Avr genes, and the role of noncoding RNAs in disease development. Further, rice blast resistance QTLs; resistance (R) genes; and alleles identified, cloned, and characterized are discussed. We also discuss the utilization of QTLs and R genes for blast resistance through conventional breeding and transgenic approaches. Finally,...
The main aim of project is to develop a system which identifies and detects fraud in online credi... more The main aim of project is to develop a system which identifies and detects fraud in online credit card transactions accurately. The system follows a multi-layered approach for security based on the amount of the transaction. We have used the probabilistic algorithm, an improvement on the Hidden Markov Model to detect frauds more efficiently. The algorithm calculates a threshold value based on the previous transactions and classifies them into 3 categories-low, medium and high. The current transaction is compared with the threshold value and on the basis of the calculated probability it is classified as fraud or not. The system also implements certain authentication mechanisms to detect the fraud in real time and block the transaction if the user is not found to be legitimate. Index terms-Probabilistic algorithm, Credit card fraud, Hidden Markov Model, Data mining.
This paper presents secret data concealment and compressing encrypted images based on auxiliary i... more This paper presents secret data concealment and compressing encrypted images based on auxiliary information generation for efficient secure transmission under insufficient bandwidth. The process starts by encryption of uncompressed original images and generation of some auxiliary information, which will be used for data compression and image reconstruction. Then, the channel provider compress the encrypted data by a quantization method with optimal parameters that are derived from a part of auxiliary information and transmit the compressed data, which includes an encrypted sub-image, the quantized data, the quantization parameters and another part of auxiliary information. In this project discrete cosine transform is used under the quantization method for encrypted image compression. The secret text message is first converted to bit streams then it will be concealed into encoded bits of generated binary map. This binary map is obtained from identifying difference between the original and interpolated image. With the help of compressed encrypted data and the secret key, the principal image content can be reconstructed at receiver side. Before image reconstruction process, hidden bits are extracted from encrypted encoded version of binary map then restoring the original bits on it. An approximated encryption image will be determined from decoded binary map and estimated key. An estimated encrypted image will be modified using quantized data under the discrete cosine transformation. Then image will be reconstructed from estimated key and modified encrypted image. The simulated result shows that used methodologies provides better performance in terms of compression ratio and reconstructed image quality.
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) an unusual condition was reported due to excess consumption of coffe... more Restless legs syndrome (RLS) an unusual condition was reported due to excess consumption of coffee drink and eating coffee chocolates. A female software employee aged 45 years admitted in hospital with the chief complaints of back pain, sleeplessness nights due to rhythmic and pulling sensations at her lower limbs. She was an Indian origin but settled in America and came to India. Her history was found to be frequent consumption of coffee 10-12 times per day and eating coffee chocolate atleast 3 per day. Her family history was known with parkinson’s disease in her grandfather. She has past medication history. She was treated with tramadol 100mg, pantoprazole 40mg and diazepam 2mg for one week but no recovery was observed in rhythmic and pulling sensations but well responded to back pain. She was raised with series of questions and understood ease of sensations during walking. Later patient was strictly counseled against having coffee and chocolate consumption, patient tried to give ...
Evaluation of antipyretic activity of Ocimum sanctum linn using Brewer ’ s Yeast induced pyrexia in albino rats
Many herbal plants have been found to be having antipyretic effects. The present study investigat... more Many herbal plants have been found to be having antipyretic effects. The present study investigates the antipyretic activity of the extracts of Ocimum sanctum plant on brewer’s yeast induced fever in experimental rats. 30 albino rats weighing 120g150g were used. They were divided in to five groups of six rats each. Group one serve as control (n=6) and was given 1ml of normal saline, group two serves as inducer group (n=6) was treated with brewer yeast alone, group three serves as standard group (n=6) was given 150mg/kg of paracetamol, while groups four and five serves as test groups were treated with 100mg/kg and 300mg/kg (n=6) of Ocimum sanctum respectively. A 20% suspension of 10ml/kg of brewer’s yeast was injected subcutaneously to induce fever in all the experimental animals. After 18hrs, the rectal temperature was taken and the animals, were administered Ocimum sanctum (100mg/kg, 300mg/kg) and paracetamol (standard group, 150mg/kg) orally. The body temperature of the rats was m...
An ayurvedic formulation, Enterocin was tested for its antidiarrhoeal, antimotility and antisecre... more An ayurvedic formulation, Enterocin was tested for its antidiarrhoeal, antimotility and antisecretory activities. Antidiarrhoeal effect of Enterocin was evaluated in castor oil and magnesium sulphate induced diarrhoe a, intestinal transit and intestinal secretion in mice at a dose f 2.5, 5, 10 ml/kg. Enterocin treated mice, signif icantly reduced the induction time of diarrhoea, weight of stools a nd number of stools in the diarrhoea induced by cas tor oil and magnesium sulphate. It has also produced antimotil ity and antisecretory activity in castor oil induce d intestinal transit and intraluminal fluid accumulation in mice . Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of car bohydrates, steroids, triterpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids and tannins as major constituents. These results sugges t that Enterocin possesses antidiarrhoeal effect may be due to its a ntimotility and antisecretory effect. Antimotility and antisecretory effect of Enterocin may be due to the presence of d ifferen...
Journal of chemical and pharmaceutical research, 2012
Many Ayurvedic antidiarrhoeal formulations contain Punica granatum L, (Puniacaceae) as one of the... more Many Ayurvedic antidiarrhoeal formulations contain Punica granatum L, (Puniacaceae) as one of the ingredient. Efficacy of Punica granatum L. in polyherbal antidiarrhoeal formulation was evaluated by comparing its antidiarrhoeal activity with Mebarid; an antidiarrhoeal Ayurvedic formulation. Antidiarrhoeal effect of an aqueous extract of rinds of fruits of Punica granatum (APG) and Mebarid was studied in castor oil induced diarrhoea, intestinal secretion and charcoal meal test in mice. APG significantly reduced diarrhoea and also produced antimotility and antisecretory activity in castor oil model. These results indicate that APG is an active ingredient of Mebarid in treating diarrhoea.
Keloid resection followed by adjuvant radiotherapy is the most efficacious treatment for keloids.... more Keloid resection followed by adjuvant radiotherapy is the most efficacious treatment for keloids. However, for earlobe keloids, an optimal protocol for the total dose and fractions of adjuvant radiation has not yet been established. We retrospectively analyzed the efficacy and safety of immediate three-fraction electron radiotherapy after operation for resistant earlobe keloids. From 2011 to 2017, three-fraction electron radiotherapy with single dose of 5 Gy was given postoperatively to 23 patients with 30 keloids in our hospital. The first fraction of adjuvant radiotherapy was administered within 2 h of surgery, and the other two sessions were completed within the next day or two. Five (16.7%) primary keloids and 25 (83.3%) recurrent keloids were examined in this study. The primary endpoint was the local control rate, which was 86.7% after a median follow-up of 26 months (14-93 months). Secondary endpoints were acute and late procedure-related complications, and no severe complications were observed after combination therapy. Our results suggest that three-fraction electron radiotherapy after excision within 2 days of surgery is a safe and effective protocol for the prevention of earlobe keloid recurrence that can also improve patient compliance and comfort.
International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science and Engineering, 2017
The growth in the demand for electricity in India during the last decade witnessed a dramatic gro... more The growth in the demand for electricity in India during the last decade witnessed a dramatic growth in the national's annual residential development has played a major role in boosting the demand for electric power. The domestic sector in India already accounts for approximately 39 percent of electricity demand. To meet the projected demand for electrical power to cope with, the development plans, increases in the population and the rising in the living standards, government will have to accomplish new power generating units. Comparing with the high budget of constructing new generating power units, load management system it would be attractive resource that should be seriously considered as an important part of national energy program, where demand growth rate exceeds the supply since it is playing an increasing role around the world as a valuable and cost-effective energy resource. Hence, was light projecting on power load management program, for its benefit in reducing the energy demand at peak time?.
Phytoremediation has proven to be an effi cient technology for removing arsenic (As) from water, ... more Phytoremediation has proven to be an effi cient technology for removing arsenic (As) from water, but the plants used in this process need to be tolerant to the damage caused by As. Th e toxic eff ect of As on growth and functioning of the antioxidant system was studied in individual plants of Azolla caroliniana exposed to fi ve concentrations of As (0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg L-1) for the course of fi ve days. Growth, As absorption, enzymatic activity, total and non-protein thiols and anthocyanin content were assessed. Azolla caroliniana was able to take up large amounts of the pollutant, reaching As concentrations of 386.1 µg g-1 dry weight without saturating the absorption mechanism. Th e tolerance index and the growth of A. caroliniana decreased with the increased As uptake. Superoxide dismutase, peroxidases, catalases and glutathione reductase activities increased at lower doses of As and subsequently declined with higher concentrations, whereas ascorbate peroxidase activity was reduced in all treatments. Unlike the enzymatic defence system, anthocyanin and thiol content increased consistently in all treatments and showed a positive correlation with As concentration. Th erefore, the increased synthesis of non-enzymatic antioxidants is most likely the main factor responsible for the high As tolerance of A. caroliniana.
International journal of Emerging Trends in Science and Technology, 2017
The previous productivity of CNC used for ball turning was comparatively lesser which caused the ... more The previous productivity of CNC used for ball turning was comparatively lesser which caused the use of running load on next operation that is Slot milling and thereby reducing its Overall Equipment Efficiency (OEE). Here we found the scope of improvisation in order to reduce the cycle time to increase the productivity. Previously insert of 0.8 mm radius was used which was later replaced by insert of 1.2 mm radius and also the number of strokes required to turn the ball were reduced to 2 from 3 reducing the cycle time from 30 seconds to 21 seconds.
Rice blast disease caused by a fungus Magnaporthae oryzae is one of the most important biotic fac... more Rice blast disease caused by a fungus Magnaporthae oryzae is one of the most important biotic factors that severely damage the rice crop. Several molecular approaches are now being applied to tackle this issue in rice. It is of interest to study long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in rice to control the disease. lncRNA, a non-coding transcript that does not encode protein, is known to play an important role in gene regulation of various biological processes. Here we describe a computational pipeline to identify lncRNA from a resistant rice line. The number of lncRNA found in resistant line was 1429, 1927 and 1981 in mock and M. oryzae (ZB13 and Zhong) inoculated samples, respectively. Functional classification of these lncRNA reveals a higher number of long intergenic non-coding RNA compared to antisense lncRNA in both mock and M. oryzae inoculated resistant rice lines. Many intergenic lncRNA candidates were identified from resistant rice line and their role to regulate the resistance mechanism in rice during M. oryzae invasion is implied.
Microsatellites have been widely utilized for molecular marker development. Codominant and multia... more Microsatellites have been widely utilized for molecular marker development. Codominant and multiallelic nature of these simple repeats have several advantages over other types of molecular markers. Their broad applicability in the area of molecular biology like gene mapping, genome characterization, genome evolution, and gene regulation has been reported in various crop plants, animals and fungi. Considering these benefits of the SSR markers, a MMDB (Magnaporthe oryzae Microsatellite Database) was developed to help in understanding about the pathogen and its diversity at strains level of a particular geographic region, which can help us to make a proper utilization of blast resistance genes in the region. This microsatellite database is based on whole genome sequence of two M. oryzae isolates, RML-29 (2665 SSRs from 43037792 bp) and RP-2421 (3169 SSRs from 45510614 bp). Although, first M. oryzae genome (70-15) was sequenced in 2005, but this sequenced isolate is not a true field iso...
Next-generation Sequencing and Bioinformatics for Plant Science, 2017
Next-generation sequencing coupled with high-performance computing methods have revolutionised th... more Next-generation sequencing coupled with high-performance computing methods have revolutionised the field of plant breeding and genetics. In this timely overview of the field, expert scientists review current developments in next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics and discuss their application in understanding and improving agronomic traits such as yield, drought tolerance and disease resistance. The up-to-date reviews cover genome assembly and annotation, omics technologies, structural variations, abnormal chromosome number, chromosomal rearrangement, copy number variation, mobile elements, sequencing of small RNA nucleotides and transcription factor binding sites. Specific topics include the evolution analysis of rice, maize, sorghum and orchids, fruit development and ripening, plant disease resistance, fusarium head blight and stripe rust resistance in wheat and rice, host defence and pathogen virulence, crop design with improved resistance, and biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. This is a useful review of current developments in next-generation sequencing and essential reading for plant geneticists and crop scientists. Editorial. (Vijai Bhadauria and Lucia Popescu) Chapter 1. Status and Prospects of Next Generation Sequencing Technologies in Crop Plants (T.
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, Jul 2, 2013
Herbal medicine has become an item of global importance both medicinal and economical. Although u... more Herbal medicine has become an item of global importance both medicinal and economical. Although usage of these herbal medicines has increased, their quality, safety and efficiency are serious concerns in industrialized and developing countries. Herbal remedies are getting increasing patient compliance as they are devoid of typical side effects of allopathic medicines. The present research has been undertaken with the aim to formulate and evaluate the herbal gel containing Lantana camara leaf extract. The gel formulation was designed by using Carbapol 940, Lantana camara leaf extract, propylene glycol, methyl paraben, propyl paraben and required amount of distilled water. The skin pH (6.8-7) was maintained by drop wise addition of Tri-ethanolamine. The physicochemical Parameters of formulations (pH, Spreadibility, Stability etc.) were determined. Stability studies have carried out as per ICH guidelines for 3 months at different temperatures and humidity. The results showed that formulation containing Lantana camara leaf extract Show better stability. Further formulations have studied for skin irritation on animal model (Rat) and result showed that there was no skin irritation to animals. Our literature survey revealed that the herbal gel of Leaves extracts from leaves of Lantana Camara was not investigated; hence these activities have been investigated in the present study.
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Papers by Deepak Pawar