KERRY FORESMAN

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Papers by KERRY FORESMAN

Monitoring animal use of modified drainage culverts on the Lolo South Project /

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Pattern of Luteinizing Hormone Secretion During Delayed Implantation in the Spotted Skunk (Spilogale putorius latifrons)12

Biology of Reproduction, Nov 1, 1974

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Stress and Developmental Stability: Vegetation Removal Causes Increased Fluctuating Asymmetry in Shrews

Ecology, Feb 1, 2000

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Carnivores in hand

Oxford University Press eBooks, Jan 12, 2012

6 Carnivores in hand Kerry R. Foresman A wealth of information can be collected from an animal in... more

Dispersal, survival, and reproduction of wild-born, yearling swift foxes in a reintroduced population

Canadian Journal of Zoology, Feb 1, 2007

, the Blackfeet Tribe and Defenders of Wildlife reintroduced 123 captive-reared swift foxes (Vulp... more , the Blackfeet Tribe and Defenders of Wildlife reintroduced 123 captive-reared swift foxes (Vulpes velox (Say, 1823)) to the Blackfeet Reservation in northern Montana. Because yearling swift foxes are colonizers of vacant habitats and are at the periphery of range expansion, we estimated 1st-year survival and explored aspects of dispersal to ascertain the contribution of wild-born juveniles to the reintroduction effort. First-year survival (post den emergence) of swift foxes averaged 0.38 and 0.36 for 2003-2004 and 2004-2005, respectively. Half of the females that survived to 1 June of their 1st year reproduced. Most dispersal (77%) and mortality (85%) occurred in autumn, with 80% of mortalities attributable to predation. Dispersal distance was not different among sexes and averaged 10.4 km. Understanding the contribution of yearling swift foxes -the colonizers -to reestablishing populations is important because several entities are currently reintroducing swift foxes and some states have expanding populations. ´: De 1998 a `2002, la tribu des Pieds-noirs et les Defenders of Wildlife ont re ´introduit 123 renards ve ´loces (Vulpes velox (Say, 1823)) e ´leve ´s en captivite ´sur le territoire de la re ´serve des Pieds-noirs dans le nord du Montana. Parce que les renards ve ´loces d'un an sont ceux qui colonisent les habitats vacants et la pe ´riphe ´rie de l'aire d'expansion, nous avons estime ´la survie durant la 1 re anne ´e et e ´tudie ´certains aspects de la dispersion afin de mesurer la contribution des jeunes ne ´s en nature attribuable a `l'effort de re ´introduction. La survie des renards ve ´loces au cours de la premie `re anne ´e (apre `s l'e ´mergence du terrier) e ´tait en moyenne de 0,38 et 0,36 respectivement en 2003-2004 et en 2004-2005. La moitie ´des femelles qui ont surve ´cu jusqu'au 1 re juin de leur 1 re anne ´e se sont reproduites. La plus grande part de la dispersion (77 %) et de la mortalite ´(85 %) a lieu a `l'automne et 80 % de la mortalite ´est due a `la pre ´dation. La distance de dispersion ne diffe `re pas en fonction des sexes et est en moyenne de 10,4 km. Il est important de comprendre la contribution des renards ve ´loces d'un an -les colonisateurs -dans le re ´tablissement des populations, parce que plusieurs groupes sont actuellement en train de re ´introduire les renards ve ´loces et que les populations sont en croissance dans certains e ´tats. [Traduit par la Re ´daction]

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Swift fox reintroductions on the Blackfeet Indian Reservation, Montana, USA

Biological Conservation, May 1, 2007

Swift foxes (Vulpes velox) were once common prairie inhabitants throughout western North America ... more Swift foxes (Vulpes velox) were once common prairie inhabitants throughout western North America and were integral components within ecosystems and some Native American tribal cultures. In response to extirpation from tribal lands, the Blackfeet Tribe and Defenders of Wildlife reintroduced 123 captive-raised swift foxes from 1998 to 2002 to the Blackfeet Indian Reservation, Montana, USA. We used two success criteria, a population growth rate P1.0 and an index count P100 foxes, to determine if the reintroduction was a short-term success. We radiocollared and monitored swift foxes from 2003 to 2005 to estimate survival and fecundity. The swift fox population grew at a rate of 16% during 2003/2004 and 14% in 2004/2005. In addition, field crews observed 93 foxes in the summer of 2005. The swift fox population reached one, and very nearly both, of our short-term success criteria. In light of swift fox sign in areas where we were unable to observe foxes despite being aware of their presence, we believe there were P100 foxes present in 2005. Based on our success criteria and the discovery of swift foxes 110 km from the release site, we consider this reintroduction a short-term success with promise for long-term success. The Blackfeet Tribe and Defenders of Wildlife have attained their goal of restoring a culturally important species to Tribal lands and have initiated a comeback of swift foxes beyond the Reservation border to the Rocky Mountain Front in Montana. Collaborative projects between tribes and non-governmental groups can play a vital role in our effort to conserve biologically and culturally significant species.

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Status and Distribution of the Northern River Otter (Lontra canadensis) in the Upper Clark Fork River Basin

Using Genetics To Study Otter Connectivity And Population Size In Northwestern Montana

Intermountain Journal of Sciences, Dec 31, 2011

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Pituitary Responsiveness to Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone during Delayed Implantation in the Spotted Skunk (Spilogale putorius latifrons): Validation of LH Radioimmunoassay1

Biology of Reproduction, Aug 1, 1974

... during Delayed Implantation in the Spotted Skunk (Spilogale put onus Iatifrons): Validation o... more

The Reproductive Cycles of the Vagrant Shrew (Sorex vagrans) and the Masked Shrew (Sorex cinereus) in Montana

American Midland Naturalist, 1998

... 1976. Reproduction of the least shrew (Cryptotis parva) in captivity, p. 59–74. In: Th. Antik... more

BIOL 306.01: Mammalogy

Status and Distribution of the Northern River Otter (Lontra canadensis) in the Upper Clark Fork River Basin

Using Genetics To Study Otter Connectivity And Population Size In Northwestern Montana

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Small mammal use of modified culverts on the Lolo South project of Western Montana - an update

Road Ecology Center, Aug 24, 2003

A highway reconstruction project, termed the Lolo South Project, is currently underway in west-ce... more A highway reconstruction project, termed the Lolo South Project, is currently underway in west-central Montana to expand Highway 93 from two lanes to four over a distance of approximately 45 miles from the town of Lolo to that of Hamilton. Portions of this highway bisect a series of wetlands which currently support a variety and abundance of wildlife. As one wildlife mitigation approach, several three-and four-foot-diameter culverts have been placed at these sites to encourage animal movement between the fragmented wetlands. Metal shelves serviced by ramps were installed in three of the culverts to allow animal movement during periods of high water. The current research project continued and expanded upon the initial pilot study which was begun in January 2001 (and reported at the ICOET 2001 meetings). In particular, additional culverts were added to the original study to increase the sample size, and modifications of the shelf design were made based upon early results, and these refinements were rigorously tested.

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Ecology and summer/fall habitat selection of American Marten in northern Idaho /

Chairperson: Dr. Kerry Foresman I live-trapped, radio-collared, and radio-tracked 32 American mar... more Chairperson: Dr. Kerry Foresman I live-trapped, radio-collared, and radio-tracked 32 American martens {Martes am ericana) during 3 summer/fall seasons in the Cabinet M ountains o f northern Idaho. Objectives were to: 1) evaluate habitat selection at the home range within study area, location within home range, and location within stand (microhabitat) spatial scales, 2) gain a better understanding o f m arten population characteristics, and 3) examine community interactions (especially with regard to prey species). Males were captured m ore commonly than females (26M, 12F). M artens were located using triangulation approximately 3 times weekly during daylight hours. Nineteen o f 20 animals with sufficient locations to allow for home range and habitat selection analyses were adults (> 1 yr. old). Average minimum convex polygon (95% contour) home range for adult males w as 1.56 km^ (SD -0.70, range = 0.54 -3.00). Adult female average home range was 1.16 km^ (SD = 0.83, range = 0.42 -2.20). At the home range within study area and location within home range scales, martens preferred mature stands with average dbh > 22.9 cm. 1 determined the significance o f this preference for each year and for aU years combined using compositional analysis methods. Significant preference ( a < 0.01) for the m ature class over immature and seedling/sapling classes was most common at the home range within study area scale. At the microhabitat scale, 1 found martens selected for resting sites (n = 38) in areas with significantly more snags than non-used paired plots located at a random azimuth 50 m from the use plot center. Live trees and cavities in snags w ere the m ost fi*equently used resting sites. Cavity rest sites (n = 8) were exclusively in dead, large diameter, subalpine firs {Abies lasiocarpa). The median age o f the martens 1 captured was 1 year (range <1 -7, n = 22). 1 docum ented a total o f 13 mortalities not associated with capture and handling. Four m artens were too decom posed to ascertain cause o f death. Cranial or thoracic trauma, likely predator induced, was evident in 7 deaths and starvation was likely in at least 2 cases. Minimum densities o f 0.33 marten/km^ and 0.23 marten/km^ w er" f^<timated for the study area during the 1995 and 1996 summer/fall seasons respectively. Small mammal abundance and diversity were significantly higher in mature forests (avg. dbh > 22.9 cm) than regenerating stands (avg. dbh < 10.1 cm) . Differences in available prey, in association with increased access to structures that provide shelter fi'om w eather and predators, may be reasons why martens in this population showed significant preference for mature stands. u ACKNOW LEDG M ENTS Funding and equipment for this project were provided by the Idaho Department o f Fish and Game and the Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration program. The U.S. Forest Service provided equipment and technical support. I am grateful for the help and cooperation I received from many people over the course o f this study. Dr. Peter Zager o f the Idaho Departm ent o f Fish and Game, Dr. Kerry Foresman, Dr. Daniel Pletscher and Dr. Joe Ball o f the University o f M ontana deserve special thanks for their continued support, guidance, and assistance. Pete Ziegler, Karl Stanford, Jay Kolbe, Mike Maples, and Irene Glitzner all provided excellent field assistance without which this project would not have been possible. Employees o f the U. S. Forest Service, Sandpoint, Idaho Ranger District were always there when I needed technical help or materials. Deb Scribner and Sue Bristol w ere a tremendous asset in providing GIS and database access and information. Alan Dohmen, Dave Dillon, Larry Elliot, Dave Roberts, and Jenny Taylor deserve thanks as well for assisting me with equipment and information needs. GIS w ork was done (usually for firee) at the University o f M ontana by Jiri Doskocü, Polly Thornton, and Amanda Stanley. W ithout the continued advice o f these folks, several computers would have probably been rendered dysfunctional by a deranged marten biologist wielding a sledge hammer. Dr. Colin Henderson o f the University o f M ontana and Dr. Len Ruggiero, and D ean Pearson o f the USES Intermountain Research Station in M issoula provided much needed advice concerning experimental design and statistical applications. Jim Hayden, Dave Leptich, Dave Spicer, John Thorpe, and D an Beers o f the Idaho Department o f Fish and Game were always there to help with all o f the project's miscellaneous d imands. Gary and Judy M atson o f M atson's Lab did a great jo b aging the teeth I brought in. Finally, my utm ost gratitude goes to my family, especially my father, George Tomson and my grandmother, Thelma Scott. W ithout the continued support and encouragement o f these two people a M.S. degree would have been impossible for me to attain.

The wild mammals of Montana / by Kerry R. Foresman ; pen and ink illustrations by Rexford L. McGraw, III ; photographs by Milo Burcham and the author

Monitoring animal use of modified drainage culverts on the Lolo South Project /

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A Morphometric Comparison of the Masked Shrew (Sorex cinereus) and Hayden's Shrew (Sorex haydeni) in Montana and Bordering States

Northwestern Naturalist, 1992

A morphometric analysis of populations of Sorex cinereus and Sorex haydeni in Montana and neighbo... more A morphometric analysis of populations of Sorex cinereus and Sorex haydeni in Montana and neighboring states supports the species level distinction proposed in 1980. A comparison with populations in the Prairie Provinces of Canada suggests the presence of a clinal gradient of decreasing size from north to south for Sorex cinereus, while none was apparent for Sorex haydeni. The masked shrew (Sorex cinereus) is the most common and widely distributed shrew in North America. Its range encompasses virtually all of Canada and Alaska, the North- east, Upper Midwest, and northern Great Plains states, with extensions southward in the Appalachians and Rocky Mountains (Junge and Hoffmann 1981). The variability in the cranial characteristics of this species over its range was noted as early as 1928 (Jackson 1928). Van Zyll de Jong (1980) recently studied two subspecies of Sorex cinereus, S. c. cinereus and S. c. haydeni, in the Prairie Provinces of Canada. In considering morphological and ecological factors, and the sympatric occurrence of the two morphs and their apparent reproductive isolation in the northern part of their range, he concluded that these taxa were distinct species. Based upon his findings S. c. haydeni has since been elevated to species rank. As part of a tong-term study on the soricids of Montana we collected S. cinereus along its western Rocky Mountain range. It is the intent of the present mor- phometric study to clarify further the taxonomic status of the two taxa. This work is based upon craniometric comparisons of S. cinereus, and S. haydeni from Montana and adjacent states, and data reported by van Zyll de Jong (1980) for samples of these taxa from Canada.