In order to study the mechanism of formation of cD galaxies we search for possible dependencies b... more In order to study the mechanism of formation of cD galaxies we search for possible dependencies between the K-band luminosity of cDs and the parameters of their host clusters which we select to have a dominant cD galaxy, corresponding to a cluster morphology of Bautz-Morgan (BM) type I. As a comparison sample we use cD galaxies in clusters where they are not dominant, which we define here as non-BM I (NBMI) type clusters. We find that for 71 BM I clusters the absolute K-band luminosity of cDs depends on the cluster richness, but less strongly on the cluster velocity dispersion. Meanwhile, for 35 NBMI clusters the correlation between cD luminosity and cluster richness is weaker, and is absent between cD luminosity and velocity dispersion. In addition, we find that the luminosity of the cD galaxy hosted in BM I clusters tends to increase with the cD's peculiar velocity with respect to the cluster mean velocity. In contrast, for NBMI clusters the cD luminosity decreases with increasing peculiar velocity. Also, the X-ray luminosity of BM I clusters depends on the cluster velocity dispersion, while in NBMI clusters such a correlation is absent. These findings favour the cannibalism scenario for the formation of cD galaxies. We suggest that cDs in clusters of BM I type were formed and evolved preferentially in one and the same cluster. In contrast, cDs in NBMI type clusters were either originally formed in clusters that later merged with groups or clusters to form the current cluster, or are now in the process of merging.
Scholars who have studied the history of the new nation have inevitably encountered the "enigmati... more Scholars who have studied the history of the new nation have inevitably encountered the "enigmatic" and "paradoxical" Tench Coxe . He was a member of the Annapolis Convention (1786), delegate to the Continental Congress (1788), Assistant Secretary of the Treasury (1790-92), Commissioner of Revenue (1792-97), unofficial Assistant Secretary of State, United States Purveyor (1803-12), political economist, party polemicist, and importunate office-seeker. Coxe was one of those political figures who participated in or expressed views on the major events of his era, but never reached the top. A full-length biography of the Philadelphia merchant was made possible when the Coxe family heirs donated the voluminous Coxe papers, amounting to sixty thousand manuscripts, to the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. However, one provision to the 1964 gift was that the opening of the collection should await the preparation of what constituted a "commissioned biography." Respected scholar Jacob Cooke was selected for the assignment and given exclusive access to the collection for nearly a decade. Thus, the resulting book has been long awaited. The size of the volume and the discovery of no new major findings might disappoint some readers, but on the whole Cooke has successfully woven his primary and secondary sources into a sound, readable, and fascinating study of politics, economics, and business (mercantile and land) from the Revolution to the 1820s. In his life and times biography the author claims that the emphasis is on Coxe's public rather than his personal life, but Cooke engages in some fragile psychohistorical analysis and often relates more than is really necessary. Also, there is some convulsive writing because the Coxe papers are often richer in volume than content. To explain Coxe's response to men and events Cooke repeatedly falls back on the critical period of the Revolution when the youthful Coxe rescued himself from conviction of treason and attainder. "It reaffirmed his emphasis on the importance of 'connections' and influence," argues Cooke, "a characteristic discernible throughout his long career and revealed particularly in the assiduity with which he later cultivated men of political prominence" (p. 43). It seemed Coxe was convinced that "highly
Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, 2008
January BOOK REVIEWS sis of their composition, printing, and rhetorical strategies, or discussion... more January BOOK REVIEWS sis of their composition, printing, and rhetorical strategies, or discussion of the treaty as theater, but she does none of this. Kalter instead devotes a great deal of attention to the question of Iroquois influence on the United States Constitution. Surprisingly, she never cites James Merrell's Bancroft Prize-winning Into the American Woods: Negotiators on the Pennsylvania Frontier (2000), although readers wishing to better understand the context of the treaties ought to consult this important work. Yet however flawed the introduction may be, the real value of the volume is in the treaties themselves and the new apparatus Kalter has provided, particularly the new index. Readers with an interest in Pennsylvania's colonial history or early American literature will be grateful for this attractive and affordable new edition of the treaties. Blooding at Great Meadows: Young George Washington and the Battle that Shaped the Man.
Book Reviews: Patrick Henry: A Biography, by Richard R. Beeman
Book Reviewed:Samuel Smith and the Politics of Business, 1752-1839, by John S. Pancake
Maryland: The Federalist Years
The American Historical Review, 1973
Biographical Sketches of those who Attended Harvard College in the Classes 1751-1755, with Bibliographical and Other Notes
The American Historical Review, 1966
Community Leadership in Maryland, 1790-1840: A Comparative Analysis of Power in Society
The American Historical Review, 1980
American democracy has fascinated generations of historians. They have probed its philosophical f... more American democracy has fascinated generations of historians. They have probed its philosophical foundations and the structure of its institutions, but their studies reveal little about those who really wielded power in the formative years of the republic.Employing a sophisticated research design, Whitman Ridgway examines the changing leadership patterns in four diverse communities in Maryland from 1790 to 1840. The results indicate clearly the need to study the American democratic process at the local level. Ridgway selected Baltimore City, Frederick, St. Marys, and Talbot counties -- representing the underlying economic and cultural diversity of one political culture, Maryland -- to evaluate who governed, how these patterns differed from one community to another, and how such patterns changed over time. The research design defines the scope of the study. Ridgway uses the decisional method of analysis, determining who actually made decisions, in order to identify the political leaders. His extensive research in manuscript and newspaper collections, tax and census data, and religious and geneological records gathered information on some 1,300 persons.This study of community power illuminates facets of a democratic society which perplexed Alexis de Tocqueville over a century ago. Ridgway demonstrates that, despite the expansion of popular participation in political affairs, the influence of the wealthy continued to be significant. He shows also how leaders without benefit of wealth or social ties to the oligarchies were able to enter community decision making.In a more modern context, this important book adds to the literature in several ways. Its greatest contribution is methological -- no longer can historians talk about power relationships without studying them directly. The work also compares two important periods, the first and second party eras, normally treated in isolation; and through this comparison it reveals much about democracy, egalitarianism, and power.Originally published 1979.A UNC Press Enduring Edition -- UNC Press Enduring Editions use the latest in digital technology to make available again books from our distinguished backlist that were previously out of print. These editions are published unaltered from the original, and are presented in affordable paperback formats, bringing readers both historical and cultural value.
Reluctant Revolutionaries: New York City and the Road to Independence, 1763-1776
The American Historical Review, 1999
... 83 II THE TOWNSHEND ACTS CRISIS, 1766-1773 5 Conflict Anew 105 6 Urban Politics and ... and i... more ... 83 II THE TOWNSHEND ACTS CRISIS, 1766-1773 5 Conflict Anew 105 6 Urban Politics and ... and interest so characteristic of New York, it understandably took the city's leaders considerable ... In the end, the vast majority of New York-ers espoused independence, though most did ...
Book Review: Maryland: A History, 1632-1974. Edited by Richard Walsh and William Lloyd Fox
Seeds of Crisis: Public Schooling in Milwaukee Since 1920
Contemporary Sociology, 1995
... G. Cibulka and Frederick I. Olson); "The Milwaukee Curriculum" (Rolland Callaway an... more ... G. Cibulka and Frederick I. Olson); "The Milwaukee Curriculum" (Rolland Callaway and Steven Baruch); "Teachers and Principals in the Milwaukee Public Schools" (William J. Kritek and Delbert K. Clear); "Student Life in Milwaukee High Schools, 1920-1985" (Paul Haubrich ...
Merchant Congressman in the Young Republic: Samuel Smith of Maryland 1752-1839
The SHAFR Guide Online
First Ladies: The Saga of the Presidents' Wives and Their Power, 1789�1961
The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with p... more The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content. This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden.
Understanding the American Revolution: Issues and Actors
History Reviews of New Books, 1996
... others.3 Despite the expenditure of much time and effort, metropolitan au-thorities were unab... more ... others.3 Despite the expenditure of much time and effort, metropolitan au-thorities were unable to deal with these problems through existing mech-anisms of colonial administration, and this ineffectiveness further inten-sified fears of loss of the colonies and led, well before the ...
Love and Hate in Jamestown: John Smith, Pocahontas, and the Heart of a New Nation
Http Dx Doi Org 10 1080 03612759 2004 10528580, Aug 1, 2012
By the millions they came to see the greatest of all world's fairs. By train and by steamship, fr... more By the millions they came to see the greatest of all world's fairs. By train and by steamship, from every state and territory and from over a hundred nations and colonies, the great crowd traveled to Chicago's Jackson Park. Between May 1 and the end of October, 1893, over twenty-eight million people visited the splendid white palaces of the World's Columbian Exposition. They saw buildings of unprecedented size and beauty, and they walked among gardens, lawns, and lagoons representing the highest achievement of the landscape architect. The exhibitomore than one hundred sixty thousand in number-summarized the material achievements of western civilization at the end of the nineteenth century. Huge engines and powerful dynamos reflected the main emphasis of this age of energy, but some of the greatest art the world had produced was also on display together with evidences of educational progress. Chicago's world's fair surpassed all of its predecessors in size, cost, and impact. It was a stunning triumph for the metropolis that a scant twenty years earlier lay in ashes. Chicago's brashness and wealth made the Columbian Exposition possible, but it took the active involvement of people throughout America and the world to create a fair so impressive that it still awes those who study it. Much has been written about Daniel Burnham, John Wellborn Root, Augustus Saint Gaudens, Frederick Law Olmsted, and the other architects, artists, and sculptors who created that * Frank A. Cassell is associate professor and chairman of the Department of History at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. Marguerite E. Cassell of Winnetka, Illinois, is a native of Crawfordsville, Indiana, and has spent over a decade conducting research into the World's Columbian Exposition. All the photographs for this article were provided courtesy of the authors.
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