Back Ground: Arunachal Pradesh, the land of the rising sun, situated in the North Eastern corner ... more Back Ground: Arunachal Pradesh, the land of the rising sun, situated in the North Eastern corner of India formed on 20th February, 1987 is the 13th geographically largest State among all States and Union Territories of India. The Quality Assurance in Higher Education is gaining wide acceptance among the stake-holders throughout the globe. Objective: The aim of the research paper is to find out the development of college education in Arunachal Pradesh. Research Methodology: The data collected for the study were based on the information derived from authoritative and authenticated documents like reports and publications of the Directorate of Higher and Technical Education, Government of Arunachal Pradesh, statistical handbooks, Census of India, records of Rajiv Gandhi University and affiliation documents of colleges, accreditation Reports of NAAC, annual reports and websites of degree colleges, published research papers, articles and Government journals like Arunachal Review, University News, Economic and Political Weekly, etc. Result and Discussion: The academic potential of the college received a big boost by becoming the first institution of higher education in the State. All the Colleges in the State have been affiliated to Rajiv Gandhi University. Conclusion: The foremost task of College Education is to re-examine its own fundamental role and responsibility in relation to the fast changing socio-economic environment of the tribal people.
Over the last decades, the cinema of the world has started to reveal more and more the daily exis... more Over the last decades, the cinema of the world has started to reveal more and more the daily existence of lesbian women in their narratives, and thus, the common obstacles of invisibility, stereotyping, and marginalization have been broken one after another. This paper looks at the subject of queer female identity in modern-day films from Hollywood, Bollywood and Europe, and it does so through the lens of authenticity, agency, and audience reception. It uses Judith Butler's Queer Theory (1990) and Laura Mulvey's Male Gaze Theory (1975) as a theoretical framework to reveal the process whereby directors and viewers deal with the line separating representation from reality. The visual and narrative techniques that are responsible for the queer storytelling are analyzed through the case studies—Portrait of a Lady on Fire (2019, France), Sheer Qorma (2021, India), and Blue Is the Warmest Color (2013, France). The study reveals that there is a gradual movement or change in the way same-sex desire is depicted from that of voyeuristic portrayals to emotionally complex, authentic, and intersectional representations. In summary, the author asserts that despite the fact that a lot of improvements have already been done in the area of cinematic inclusivity, the representation of queer women is still a vibrant area that keeps challenging heteronormative aesthetics, politics of the industry and world cultural narratives
This study examines representations of geographical exile in Sahar Khalifeh's novel The Inheritan... more This study examines representations of geographical exile in Sahar Khalifeh's novel The Inheritance, employing the theory of settler colonialism. The study demonstrates that exile in the novel is not presented as an individual experience or a fleeting historical event, but rather as a continuous structure reproduced generation after generation by the logic of elimination that characterizes the settler project. Through the character of Zayna, the text reveals that the homeland itself has been transformed into a strange and isolated space, no longer an extension of memory and belonging, but rather a place reshaped according to the representations of the settler. The study reveals that settler colonialism is not limited to the colonization of land but expands to encompass language, identity, family relationships, and cultural symbols. These elements become tools of obliteration, producing a sense of internal exile. It also becomes clear that return, which is supposed to be a moment of reclaiming self and homeland, turns into an experience of loss and disappointment, as the Palestinian discovers that the meaning and symbolism of the place has changed. The study reveals that Palestinians remain displaced both within the homeland and in the diaspora, and they confront a homeland devoid of authentic features. The study concludes that The Inheritance offers a profound literary representation of the structural and permanent nature of settler colonialism, demonstrating how exile becomes an ongoing existential condition that transcends space and time.
In English Literature studies, almost every writer is obsessed with oceans and seas. Many oceanic... more In English Literature studies, almost every writer is obsessed with oceans and seas. Many oceanic imageries were used by the writers in their works. The fact is as a human being, we have impacted so much with oceans and seas. Literature, culture, media and even anthropologies are so much influenced by oceans and seas. The concept explained above comes under Blue Humanities. Blue Humanities refers to the vast show of water specifically oceans and bodies and how these water bodies are represented in a text. This is such a cutting edge and an emerging field that bridges the gap between literature, culture, history and anthropology, making it an exciting topic for research and studies. In this connection, one of the most famous American works of Emilia Hart, “The Sirens” explores the experiences and stories of two sisters who is separated by hundreds of years and time but are connected by the sea. This book is a blend of historical fiction, magical realism followed by mystery as the character Lucy exposes family secrets and the magical lore of the sea through her evocative dreams. Feminine Resilience in Literature prospects how female characters bounce back from their traditional roles in family to recover their identity. Themes like sisterhood, feminine resilience, and female power that is drawn from the author's family history and compassion of the ocean can be studied in this novel. This paper explores how Emilia Hart’s Siren involves characters that merges Feminine Resilience and Blue ethics which is one of the core elements in the study of blue humanities.
The American Dream, which is highly regarded in American culture, is based on the belief that any... more The American Dream, which is highly regarded in American culture, is based on the belief that anyone, regardless of their background, can achieve wealth and success through hard work, determination, and pure ambition. In fictional narratives, this dream is paradoxically portrayed to highlight the inherent struggle of the ideal. Both Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman (1949) and F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby (1925) provide critical insights into the illusion of this dream and the tragic repercussions of adhering to such an ideal. This paper concentrates on these two texts and how they aim to dismantle the myths surrounding the American Dream. By examining its contradictions, shortcomings, and failures, while focusing on the characters and their personal lives, relationships, and the social dynamics influencing their existence, the researchers have constructed and analyzed the primary argument regarding how these works critique the American Dream and the idea of nationalism that transcends borders. Through the complexities and dilemmas associated with the American Dream, the realities faced by Gatsby and Loman have been revealed—their profound tragedies intertwined with the broader American tragedy.
This study conducts a comprehensive quantitative analysis of the development and research trends ... more This study conducts a comprehensive quantitative analysis of the development and research trends of ancient Chinese book digitization over the past three decades. By employing advanced tools such as CiteSpace for bibliometric analysis, the BERTopic deep learning model for topic modeling, and the large language model DeepSeek-V3 for semantic trend interpretation, the research identifies the developmental stages of the field, eight major thematic areas, and emerging directions such as gamification, knowledge services, and AI model integration. Drawing upon a corpus of 562 peer-reviewed journal articles retrieved from the CNKI database, the study applies both statistical and semantic techniques to uncover key author clusters, topic evolution, and knowledge networks. This work contributes to the understanding of how digital and intelligent technologies are transforming the preservation, dissemination, and reuse of ancient texts, and provides theoretical support for the innovative transmission of traditional Chinese culture in the digital era.
This study investigated the effectiveness of ChatGPT as an instructional support tool in enhancin... more This study investigated the effectiveness of ChatGPT as an instructional support tool in enhancing the explanation letter writing skills of Technical Writing students at Cebu Doctors’ University. It aimed to address students’ recurring difficulties in applying the correct format, organization, elaboration, tone, and grammar, language usage, and mechanics in formal written communication. Employing a quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test design supported by a perception survey, the research examined measurable improvements in students’ performance following a ChatGPT-assisted intervention that incorporated guided modeling, interactive feedback, and revision-based activities. Fifty (50) first-year students from the EXCEL-Med Program participated in the study. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a paired sample t-test. Findings revealed statistically significant improvements across all five writing elements, with the largest effect observed in format, organization, elaboration, and tone, and a moderate improvement in grammar, language usage, and mechanics. Students’ perception ratings further indicated strong agreement that ChatGPT was easy to use, enhanced confidence and understanding, and effectively supported skill development. Overall, the study concludes that ChatGPT-assisted instruction significantly improves students’ explanation letter writing performance and fosters confidence and awareness in responsible AI use. The results emphasize the potential of integrating AI-based tools as complementary pedagogical aids that support the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 4 (Quality Education) by promoting digital literacy, communication competence, and ethical technology use in higher education.
This article provides a comprehensive exploration of the historical development of language polic... more This article provides a comprehensive exploration of the historical development of language policy and planning in Morocco, a country renowned for its rich linguistic diversity. Beginning with a historical context that examines the interplay of Arabic, Tamazight, and the colonial languages of French and Spanish, it traces the profound impact of colonization on Morocco's linguistic hierarchy. The post-independence era marked a shift towards Arabicization, as the nation sought to assert its sovereignty and solidify Arabic as a cornerstone of national identity, often at the expense of Amazigh. Modern developments have introduced significant reforms, including the recognition of Standard Tamazight as an official language in the 2011 constitution and the growing prominence of English in education and international relations. The article also delves into the controversies surrounding language planning, such as the balance between linguistic diversity and national unity, the enduring influence of French, and challenges in implementing multilingual education systems. Through this historical overview, the article highlights the complexities of Morocco’s multilingual reality and the socio-political implications of its language policies. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of inclusive and equitable approaches to language planning to ensure linguistic diversity, which remains a source of cultural richness and societal cohesion in Morocco’s future.
Samit Basu’s novel The GameWorld Trilogy presents a vibrant reworking of Indian myth through the ... more Samit Basu’s novel The GameWorld Trilogy presents a vibrant reworking of Indian myth through the imaginative framework of speculative fiction. This paper explores how Basu reconstructs mythic themes from Indian epics and folklore while blending them with the conventions of fantasy and modern storytelling. Building on Homi Bhabha’s theory of cultural hybridity and insights from fantasy studies, the research shows how Basu uses humor, parody, and intertextuality to reshape inherited narratives for a global readership. His writing transforms myth into a living, dynamic force that speaks to contemporary realities of identity, colonial history, and cultural change. The study argues that The GameWorld Trilogy is not only a playful work of fantasy but also an intellectual project that redefines myth and imagination in twenty-first-century Indian English literature.
Effective feedback is a cornerstone of second language writing instruction, particularly in addre... more Effective feedback is a cornerstone of second language writing instruction, particularly in addressing syntactic errors that hinder students’ linguistic development and communicative competence. This study investigates the strategies employed by university EFL professors to correct syntactic errors in students’ written compositions. Using a qualitative research design, semi-structured interviews were conducted with twelve EFL professors from diverse non-native English-speaking university contexts. Data were analysed using thematic coding in NVivo software, revealing four primary feedback strategies: direct correction and explanation, encouragement fostering autonomous learning, individualized feedback tailored to student needs, and varied feedback approaches. The study situates these strategies within the theoretical frameworks of interlanguage theory and error analysis, highlighting their effectiveness in promoting both syntactic accuracy and learner autonomy. Implications for EFL pedagogy, curriculum design, and teacher training programs are discussed, emphasizing the importance of adaptive, student-centered feedback practices.
This research investigated the experiences of union members from Wesleyan University Philippines ... more This research investigated the experiences of union members from Wesleyan University Philippines (WUP) based on the WUP Faculty and Staff Association (WUPFSA). Employing a descriptive research design, the research sought to determine the advantages gained from being a member of the union and challenges faced by its members during the 2024–2025 academic year. A sample of 108 respondents was chosen using simple random sampling. The information indicated that union members agreed overwhelmingly that unionism had a favorable effect, with most in agreement that the union successfully guards members' rights, tends to specific needs, and reinforces a good sense of unity and fellow feeling among workers. The most highly recognized value was the perception of unity and belonging that comes with union membership, followed by its ability to negotiate improved working conditions and enhance employee morale and job satisfaction. While these are noted in positive terms, union members also reported moderate difficulties that affect their experiences. Some of the outstanding issues were recurrent resistance from the administration in putting agreed-upon benefits in place, communication breakdowns between the university administration and the union, and uncertainty regarding job security. The enforcement of the Collective Bargaining Agreement (CBA) also became an ongoing issue. These results imply that although the union is generally effective in providing assistance and enhancing solidarity, there remains a need to streamline communication avenues and maintain consistent enforcement of agreements. In general, the research indicates both the positive contribution of unionism at WUP as well as areas in need of strategic focus to improve labor relations and organizational harmony further.
The adoption of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in library cataloguing has transfo... more The adoption of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in library cataloguing has transformed how libraries organise and share books and digital items. This review examines the main challenges and innovative solutions in this field. It synthesises studies, examples, and frameworks from 2015 to 2025 to provide a comprehensive overview. Traditional cataloguing methods, such as manual metadata entry on cards, now encounter difficulties in integrating diverse digital systems. In many regions, particularly under-resourced libraries in developing countries such as India, financial limitations and unreliable internet access pose significant barriers. Staff often lack adequate training, and concerns over data security intensify these issues. The rapid influx of online content, including e-books and videos, requires efficient automation while maintaining bibliographic precision. Innovations offer promising pathways forward. Machine learning tools, a form of intelligent software, automate metadata creation in platforms like Koha or Alma. Blockchain technology provides secure, decentralised tracking of catalog records, enabling tamper-proof sharing in collaborative networks. In India, initiatives like INFLIBNET leverage linked data to enhance interconnections among libraries. These developments combine human oversight with technological support to improve efficiency and searchability. This review suggests that effective ICT adoption depends on enhanced training programs, equitable policies, and collaboration among librarians, technologists, and policymakers. It compares global and Indian contexts to identify gaps and opportunities. Ultimately, robust ICT integration can position libraries as vital gateways to knowledge, benefiting diverse users—from students to everyday readers—in a digital era. The findings advocate for adaptive strategies to navigate evolving technological landscapes.
On July 26, 2025, a huge recall movement led by citizen organizations claiming to speak for the p... more On July 26, 2025, a huge recall movement led by citizen organizations claiming to speak for the public was ultimately defeated by a devastating 25:0 margin. In addition to seriously harming the ruling party that worked to advance it, this case posed a serious challenge to the widely held political belief that "citizen groups represent public opinion." What causes a significant disparity between the actual vote results and a seemingly seamless political mobilization in the media and ground warfare? This study focuses on the PTT forum, a significant political and public opinion gathering spot in Taiwan, in order to address this central topic. It gathers important data from the two weeks prior to and following the recall vote in order to perform a thorough public opinion analysis. We investigate at three levels using techniques including topic modeling, sentiment analysis, and entity Volume analysis, and: (1) Narrative core: analyzing public opinion's discussion focus on the recall; (2) Emotional Flow: describing a community's collective emotional curve during the course of an event; and (3) Political shock: assessing the event's predicted influence on Taiwan's political landscape going forward. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that online public opinion operations or traditional political mobilization may not be sufficient to fully penetrate the complex structure of public opinion in today's quickly changing information environment. The key to comprehending the outcome of this recall case and possibly even getting insight into the political climate of modern-day Taiwan region may lie in the underappreciated wisdom of the public, democratic literacy, intense social emotions, and the possible spiral effect of silence.
As we all know that today the whole world is in the grip of the internet and human life cannot be... more As we all know that today the whole world is in the grip of the internet and human life cannot be imagined without it. In today's time, through the internet, we can send your message to any corner of the world. Internet usage is not limited to communication but it is used for banking, education, e-commerce and online shopping. Online shopping refers to buying and selling goods and services using digital technologies. Digital technology is in addition to traditional retailing methods and is known for modern names like digital retailing, e-commerce, websites, online marketing. Online shopping is growing rapidly as a hobby of the public; it has become an important part of people’s lives in today's time. The present study is comparative in nature entitled as: “A Comparative Study on the Online Purchase Pattern of Rural and Urban Consumers of the State of Haryana.” and to explore consumer trust and attitudes towards online shopping in Haryana.
Higher education increasingly demands graduates capable of addressing complex social, environment... more Higher education increasingly demands graduates capable of addressing complex social, environmental, and technological challenges. Traditional STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) education, though vital for technical competence, often neglects creativity and ethical reasoning essential for sustainable innovation. Reconceptualizing STEM as STEAM through the inclusion of the Arts enhances creativity, design thinking, and interdisciplinary collaboration. This paper examines evidence from higher education institution using empirical literature. Findings indicate that integrating the arts within STEM curricula strengthens student engagement, innovation capacity, and social responsibility. The study highlights strategies such as curriculum redesign, faculty training, and community partnerships as critical for sustainable STEAM adoption. It concludes that STEAM education can equip Tanzanian graduates with the creative, ethical, and technical skills required to generate locally relevant innovations aligned with national and global sustainability priorities.
Shakespeare’s Macbeth is a tragedy deeply saturated with anxieties surrounding gender, power, and... more Shakespeare’s Macbeth is a tragedy deeply saturated with anxieties surrounding gender, power, and the instability of identity. The play’s portrayal of Lady Macbeth and the Weird Sisters disrupts conventional early modern notions of femininity, positioning women as both the source and the threat of male ambition. Through acts of prophecy, persuasion, and defiance, these figures blur the boundaries between masculine authority and feminine transgression. This article employs a feminist-critical framework, supported by psychoanalytic and new historicist perspectives, to interrogate how Macbeth reimagines the feminine as a locus of power that is simultaneously subversive and contained. Lady Macbeth’s invocation to “unsex me here” and the witches’ manipulative prophecies illustrate how female voice and agency are rendered both potent and perilous within a patriarchal world order. Ultimately, the play’s resolution reasserts masculine control, yet the haunting presence of feminine power continues to destabilize that authority. By examining the intersections of prophecy, gender, and ambition, this study contributes to Shakespearean and feminist scholarship by illuminating Macbeth as a text that stages not only the fear of female dominance but also the persistent allure of feminine knowledge and autonomy.
During the Renaissance, literary and artistic creation reached its peak level, fostering literatu... more During the Renaissance, literary and artistic creation reached its peak level, fostering literature and artists represented by Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo and others, and creating classic works that will be remembered for generations to come. However, the works of this period could not have achieved such splendour without the contribution of patrons. These patrons provided funding and shelter for artists, so many artists travelled to Rome to exchange ideas and produce a large number of works of art, while patrons were able to enhance their political status and increase their social influence through patronage. Together they propelled the Renaissance to greatness. Taking the Renaissance as the research background, this paper takes patrons as the research object. Firstly, according to the social status of patrons in this period, they are classified into three categories, the church, the nobility and the guilds. Secondly, the psychological activities of the patrons and their potential purposes and motives are analysed through specific examples of patronage. Finally, the influences that patrons brought to literary and artistic works are explored. This paper aims to reveal the central role of the patronage system in the cultural ecology of the Renaissance and to provide a new perspective for understanding the interaction between art and social structures.
This study examines the differences in quality of life between the Smart City of Faridabad and th... more This study examines the differences in quality of life between the Smart City of Faridabad and the Non-Smart City of Rohtak in Haryana, focusing on socio-economic, environmental, and infrastructural aspects. Using selected indicators such as education, income, housing, sanitation, air quality, and health, the research assesses how urban governance models influence living standards. Faridabad, as part of the Smart Cities Mission, exhibits improved income levels and enhanced access to sanitation and housing facilities, reflecting the benefits of planned urban development. However, it also faces challenges such as rising pollution and urban congestion, with its air quality often falling into the “poor” category, affecting public health and livability. Rohtak, although not a smart city, offers a more community-focused lifestyle with moderate income levels, stronger social cohesion, and a relatively healthier environment in certain aspects. Yet, limitations in healthcare infrastructure and employment opportunities remain. The comparison reveals that smart city initiatives improve infrastructure and economic growth but do not automatically guarantee social and environmental well-being. The study concludes that quality of life depends not only on technological or infrastructural progress but also on social inclusivity, environmental sustainability, and equitable access to basic amenities, highlighting the need for a more human-centred approach to urban development.
Qualitative research aims to explore and understand how individuals make sense of their experienc... more Qualitative research aims to explore and understand how individuals make sense of their experiences and the social world around them. Unlike quantitative research, which focuses on measurement and generalisation, qualitative inquiry values depth, context, and human meaning (Creswell and Poth, 2018). This paper outlines the primary approaches and data collection methods employed in qualitative research, illustrating how philosophical assumptions influence the design of inquiry. It discusses key qualitative approaches, including phenomenology, ethnography, grounded theory, narrative inquiry, case study, and participatory action research, each offering a distinct way to study human experience. The article also examines the most common data collection methods, interviews, focus groups, observations, document analysis, and visual or digital tools, highlighting their role in generating rich and authentic data. Finally, it argues that qualitative research is guided by interpretivist and constructivist paradigms, where knowledge is co-created through a process of reflection and interpretation between the researcher and the participant (Schwandt, 2015; Denzin and Lincoln, 2018). This discussion lays the groundwork for the subsequent section, which examines the philosophical foundations and methodological principles of qualitative inquiry.
Focusing on the limited amount of Indian and Indian origin/desi representation in comics and grap... more Focusing on the limited amount of Indian and Indian origin/desi representation in comics and graphic novels, especially its emergence and popularization in the last two decades, this dissertation seeks to explore the portrayal of LGBTQIA+ people in India and Indian originated community in graphic literature and also contextualises these graphic texts in the light of the anti LGBTQIA+ legal and social environments in India and Indian originated communities, and further situates them within a larger arc of representation of queer story in the Indian and Indian originated community. The primary texts under examination are printed graphic novels and Indian comics anthologies in India like Kari (2008), Apsara Engine (2021), Jukebox (2021), Keeping in mind the timeline and contemporary ages and society's treatment of the queer people especially in India, it mainly focuses on why there is a lack of representation of queer people, especially ‘Desi’ queer people in comics and graphic novels, the accuracy of the representation, their treatment & acceptance in the society as shown in these graphic novels, & how the narrative for the desi queer people changes over the years post 2000s? Also interestingly, why do so many authors often take the help of mythology and alternate realities to portray the stories of queer people in their graphic novels instead of portraying them in reality? Alongside these grounds, this dissertation will also take on how these queer graphic novels challenge the cis-heteropatriarchal norms of the society.
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