Papers by Harvey E Jeffries
Air pollution
Analytical Chemistry, Apr 1, 1981
Air pollution
Analytical Chemistry, Apr 1, 1979
Development of an Aerosol Sampler for In Vitro Exposure Studies of Lung Tissue
ISEE Conference Abstracts
Houston's unusually large hourly ozone increases: Preconditions and geographical origins
AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, Dec 1, 2012
Environmental Sciences and Engineering, and
Because of potential exposure both in the workplace and from ambient air, the known carcinogen 1,... more Because of potential exposure both in the workplace and from ambient air, the known carcinogen 1,3-butadiene (BD) is considered a priority hazardous air pollutant. BD and its 2-methyl analog, isoprene (ISO), are chemically similar but have very different toxicities, with ISO showing no significant carcinogenesis. Once released into the atmosphere, reactions with species induced by sunlight and nitrogen oxides convert BD and ISO into several photochemical reaction products. In this study, we determined the relative toxicity and inflammatory gene expression induced by exposure of A549 cells to BD, ISO, and their photochemical degradation products in the presence of nitric oxide. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry analyses indicate the initial and major photochemical products produced during these experiments for BD are acrolein, acetaldehyde, and formaldehyde, and products for ISO are methacrolein, methyl vinyl ketone, and formaldehyde; both formed < 200 ppb of ozone. After e...
I contend that a common form of human creativity operates in domains as diverse as art, science, ... more I contend that a common form of human creativity operates in domains as diverse as art, science, and everyday life. Creativity is the capacity to introduce novel ways of making sense of experience, which entail new meaningful possibilities. Creativity enacts the becoming of new being. Three primary results characterize my study. First, creative novelty is discontinuous with antecedent orders that would seek to make sense of them. Thus, complete explanations for creative acts necessarily fail. Nonetheless creative novelties must be partially continuous with antecedent conditions in order to achieve meaning and value. These two aspects of creative novelty provide the basis for claiming that creativity puts one "out of order," and this entails the characteristic, inextricable from creativity, that one creates something from nothing. Second, creative novelty is a modification of one's own sense-making. This result is the key to grasping the generality of creativity in multiple domains and its importance in understanding the self. Scientific practice and everyday problem-solving often require creative work no less than artistic practice, and creativity affects one's conscious ordering of experience which can account for much of who one is. Third, creativity does not necessarily imply a positive value. I argue against conceptions that either stipulate the positive value of creativity and its results or argue for the intrinsic value of new being. As a consequence, the evaluation of creativity stands to be much more complex, for both creators and the recipients of their creations, than is implied by contemporary definitions of creativity. v TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE .
The continuous process composition and source receptor methodology
In the last decade, research performed at the University of North Carolina has culminated in the ... more In the last decade, research performed at the University of North Carolina has culminated in the Integrated Process Rate Analysis Method. The Integrated Process Rate Analysis (IPRA) method provides detailed information on process interactions in a model. The authors now extend the method further and implement the Continuous Process Composition and Source Receptor Method (CPCSR) into the SARMAP Air Quality Model (SAQM) Carbon Bond IV version. By utilizing detailed information provided by the IPRA method, CPCSR performs source tracking exactly the same way as the model calculates new species concentrations. The introduction of internal history lists for model processes permits the step-by-step apportionment of a cell's mass among the processes, locations, and time in the model. This in-situ source apportionment inside the photochemical model is needed for an accurate representation of the interactions of different processes in the model. This method does require increased simulati...
ASKME (Atmospheric Simulation Kinetics Model Expert): an expert system for photochemical model development and evaluation
Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association, 1977
Available chamber designs and experimental techniques have not permitted a critical appraisal of ... more Available chamber designs and experimental techniques have not permitted a critical appraisal of uptake of gaseous pollutants by plants. This work describes an approach that treats this process from a chemical kinetics viewpoint; it has led to the design of a chemical reactor system suitable for plant growth and exposure, while meeting criteria necessary to apply the concept of a continuous stirred tank reactor. Use of the system to study nitrogen dioxide uptake by corn [Zea mays (L.) 'Pioneer Brand 3369A'] and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. 'Davis'] under several exposure conditions is presented. The system provided precise data that were readily amenable to mathematical modeling. The concept of a second-order rate constant for uptake is demonstrated, which is shown to be independent of nitrogen dioxide concentration and leaf surface area, but directly dependent upon inverse total diffusion resistance.
Formation of Aerosols by Reaction of Ozone with Selected Hydrocarbons
Advances in Chemistry, 1972
Chamber and modeling study to assess the photochemistry of formaldehyde. Final report, February 1988February 1990
A new analytical method for formaldehyde (HCHO) was implemented for use in the UNC outdoor smog c... more A new analytical method for formaldehyde (HCHO) was implemented for use in the UNC outdoor smog chamber. HCHO measurements obtained with this method were compared with those obtained using other analytical techniques. Six different calibration standards for HCHO were found to agree within + or -2%, and the different HCHO analytical methods had precisions of + or -10%. New experiments
Photochemcial reactions of urban air pollution mixtures enhance inflammatory responses in lung cells
Observational analysis of high ozone plumes in Houston, TX from 2000-2008
This study has analyzed nine years of surface data from monitoring stations in Houston, TX and qu... more This study has analyzed nine years of surface data from monitoring stations in Houston, TX and quantified trends in ozone concentrations and possible causes for the highest measured values. Our analysis shows that Houston's ozone problem is a combination of non-typical ozone concentration changes, and more gradual changes that build to values above 85 ppb for a sustained time. Our analysis show that the maximum 8-hour ozone at a monitor may exceed 85 ppb due to just one or two hours of high ozone. In previous studies these non-typical ozone changes have been linked to emission events of VOCs from industrial sources that produce narrow plumes of high ozone. These emission events were the focus of regulations implemented in Houston in 2005. Here we use observational data from 2000-2008 to assess the response of the Houston environment to these rules and to understand the possible causes for continued high ozone observations being measured in Houston. We show in our analysis that s...
Design and Testing of Electrostatic AerosolIn VitroExposure System (EAVES): An Alternative Exposure System for Particles
Inhalation Toxicology, 2009
Conventional in vitro exposure methods for cultured human lung cells rely on prior suspension of ... more Conventional in vitro exposure methods for cultured human lung cells rely on prior suspension of particles in a liquid medium; these have limitations for exposure intensity and may modify the particle composition. Here electrostatic precipitation was used as an effective method for such in vitro exposures. An obsolete electrostatic aerosol sampler was modified to provide a viable environment within the deposition field for human lung cells grown on membranous support. Particle deposition and particle-induced toxicological effects for a variety of particles including standardized polystyrene latex spheres (PSL) and diesel exhaust emission particle mixtures are reported. The Electrostatic Aerosol in Vitro Exposure System (EAVES) efficiently deposited particles from an air stream directly onto cells. Cells exposed to the electric field of the EAVES in clean air or in the presence of charged PSL spheres exhibited minimal cytotoxicity, and their release of inflammatory cytokines was indistinguishable from that of the controls. For the responses tested here, there are no significant adverse effects caused neither by the electric field alone nor by the mildly charged particles. Exposure to diesel exhaust emissions using the EAVES system induced a threefold increase in cytokines and cytotoxicity as compared to the control. Taken together, these data show that the EAVES can be used to expose human lung cells directly to particles without prior collection in media, thereby providing an efficient and effective alternative to the more conventional particle in vitro exposure methods.
Advanced air quality modeling system for the simulation of photochemical ozone formation over North Carolina
PROC A WASTE …, 1998
... formation over North Carolina. Carey Jang, Brian Timin, Jay Lawrimore, Sheila Holman, Harvey ... more ... formation over North Carolina. Carey Jang, Brian Timin, Jay Lawrimore, Sheila Holman, Harvey Jeffries, Neil Wheeler, Patrick Dolwick, Don Olerud, Marc Houyoux PROC A WASTE MANAGE ASSOC ANNU MEET EXHIB, 10, 6/1998. ...
Air pollution
Analytical Chemistry, 1983
Further Applications of Integrated Process Rate Analysis to the SARMAP Air Quality Model and Extension of Method to SAQM-AERO
Conducting a Case Study of the August 3.6. 1990 Ozone Episode
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The effect of ozone on human cellular and humoral immunity: Characterization of T and B lymphocytes by rosette formation
Environmental Research, 1978
Eight healthy male subjects were exposed to 784 μg/m 3 (0.4 ppm) of ozone for 4 hours in an envir... more Eight healthy male subjects were exposed to 784 μg/m 3 (0.4 ppm) of ozone for 4 hours in an environmentally controlled exposure chamber. Peripheral blood samples were taken before and after air and ozone exposures and again at 72 hours and 2 weeks. These blood ...
Outdoor smog-chamber experiments: reactivity of methanol exhaust
ABSTRACT The report describes the Quality Assurance and Data Processing procedures and systems us... more ABSTRACT The report describes the Quality Assurance and Data Processing procedures and systems used at the UNC Outdoor Smog Chamber Facility. The primary product of research conducted at this facility is information in the form of measurements of reactants and products in photochemical systems and measurements of the critical parameters that influence the chemical transformations system. Generating useful data begins with understanding the goals of the project and the special needs and concerns of conducting a successful smog-chamber operation. The system components are designed to collect, transfer, process, and report accurate, high-resolution data without loss or distortion. The system components in the Quality Assurance and Data Processing system are: people, hardware, software, checklists, and data bases. Quality-assurance checks are made at every level of the program. Pressurized gas-tank and liquid mixtures were used to establish experimental conditions of HC assuring consistency throughout the program. Several NBS traceable standards and liquid injections into the chamber used for calibration have been intercompared and show good agreement.
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Papers by Harvey E Jeffries