John Oates

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How to use the School Years Developmental Journal

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Practice Guide to the Early Years Developmental Journal

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Beyond the ‘red book’: The Early Years Developmental Journal

Journal of health visiting, Jun 1, 2013

The new Early Years Developmental Journal was launched in February 2013 by Early Support. This jo... more

Using the Mothers Object Relations Scale for early childhood development research in rural India: Findings from the Early Life Stress Sub-study of the SPRING Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial (SPRING-ELS)

Background: The World Health Organization and others promote responsive caregiving to support all... more Background: The World Health Organization and others promote responsive caregiving to support all children to thrive, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. The 14-item Mother’s Object Relations Scales – Short Form (MORS-SF) may be of use in research and public health programmes because of its basis in attachment theory and ability to capture parental feelings towards their child. Methods: We culturally adapted the MORS-SF for use with mothers in the SPRING home visits trial when their infants were 12 months old. The same dyads were assessed using the HOME inventory concurrently and Bayley Scales of Infant Development III (BSID-III) at 18 months of age. Mixed effects linear regression was used to examine associations between MORS-SF (explanatory variable) and HOME-IT, and the cognitive, language and motor domains of BSID-III (outcome variables). Results: 1273 dyads completed all assessments. For the motor and language BSID-III scales and for HOME-IT there were strong and ...

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School Years Developmental Journal

The School Years Developmental Journal is designed to help parents, young people, teachers and ot... more The School Years Developmental Journal is designed to help parents, young people, teachers and other practitioners record, celebrate and support learning and development. It also helps everyone to share information, supporting a key working approach. Young people may like to make the Journal their own when they reach an age where this is appropriate. The Journal is particularly useful if a child or young person has an additional need or disability. The School Years Developmental Journal follows on from the Early Years Developmental Journal and includes behaviours that most typically developing children and young people show during their time at school and beyond, i.e. from when they are aged five to 18 years and above.

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A modified version of the BSID-II scales for cognitive matching of infants with and without Down syndrome

Background Many measures of infants’ early cognitive development, including the BSID-II (The Bayl... more Background Many measures of infants’ early cognitive development, including the BSID-II (The Bayley Scales of Infant Development), mix together test items that assess a number of different developmental domains including language, attention, motor functioning and social abilities, and some items contribute to the assessment of more than one domain. Consequently, the scales may lead to under- or over-estimates of cognitive abilities in some clinical samples and may not be the best measure to use for matching purposes. Method To address this issue we created a modified form of the BSID-II (the BSI-M) to provide a ‘purer’ assessment of the general cognitive capacities in infants with Down syndrome (DS) from 6 to 18 months of age. We excluded a number of items that implicated language, motor, attentional and social functioning from the original measure. This modified form was administered to 17 infants with Down syndrome when 6, 12 and 18 months old and to 41 typically developing infant...

Developing multi-media resources for psychology courses, teaching observation skills for clinical training and research

International Journal of Innovation in Science and Mathematics Education, 2012

A project funded by the Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE) and the UK Departmen... more A project funded by the Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE) and the UK Department for Employment and Learning (DEL), called Observation Skills in Psychology, has produced new multi-media materials (by building on the previously developed fOCUS software) suitable for use in clinical skills training, undergraduate courses and research. This case study provides an insight into the development and use of multi-media materials designed to support both independent and collaborative work.

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What's different about babies who ‘fail to provide data’ in habituation experiments?

Nutrition and cognition: assessing cognitive abilities in children and young people

European journal of nutrition, Aug 6, 2008

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A safe glimpse within the “black box”? Ethical and legal principles when assessing digital marketing of food and drink to children

The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply t... more The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers' products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health Organization to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall the World Health Organization be liable for the damages arising from its use. The named authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this publication.

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Ethical Considerations in Psychology Research

Handbook of Research Ethics and Scientific Integrity, 2020

Research in psychology covers two main fields: furthering the understanding of the whole, complex... more Research in psychology covers two main fields: furthering the understanding of the whole, complex gamut of processes that are involved in everyday human experience and behavior and developing methods for treating mental health problems. While the ethics of research and practice in this latter field falls largely within the general ambit of medical ethics, psychology research outside this domain involves some quite specific ethics issues in addition to those common across social sciences. Professional bodies of psychologists have developed specific codes and guidance for the ethical conduct of research, offering best practice guidance. There are several enduring ethics concerns for psychology researchers that are covered in this chapter. These include the validity of consent, how to ethically manage withholding information from participants, or deceiving them, where this is a necessary part of the research design. Also, with the growth in Internet-based research, genomics, and neuroimaging, psychologists have had to develop new ways of maintaining standards and compliance with ethical principles of the discipline. New approaches have required development to manage issues of consent, especially with children and young people.

How to use the School Years Developmental Journal

At each Developmental Step, and in each Area of Development, two Key Indicators has been chosen. ... more At each Developmental Step, and in each Area of Development, two Key Indicators has been chosen. These items have been selected because they are particularly important in development and they are shown in bold in the Journal. There is also a separate Key Indicator table, which may be useful when you start to use the Journal.

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A safe glimpse within the “black box”? Ethical and legal principles when assessing digital marketing of food and drink to children

Marketing in digital media presents major new challenges to those seeking to identify, for resear... more Marketing in digital media presents major new challenges to those seeking to identify, for research or monitoring purposes, the extent and nature of children’s exposure to marketing of foods and non-alcoholic beverages high in fat, salt and sugar. The WHO Commission on Ending Childhood Obesity called for reductions in children’s (including adolescents’) exposure to such marketing in all media and for the closing of regulatory loopholes. Assessing the extent and nature of such exposure and the effectiveness of proposed regulation is challenging in a new digital media era, however, as marketing is increasingly personalized, based on Internet users’ behavioural patterns. The ethics and legality of accessing personal data are not yet clearly established and the closed, “black box” nature of much digital data presents a significant challenge. This paper builds on conclusions of a workshop at the WHO Regional Office for Europe that aimed to inform policy-makers, funders, researchers and r...

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A modified version of the BSID-II scales for cognitive matching of infants with and without Down syndrome

Background Many measures of infants' early cognitive development, including the BSID-II, mix toge... more Background Many measures of infants' early cognitive development, including the BSID-II, mix together test items that assess a number of different developmental domains including language, attention, motor functioning and social abilities, and some items contribute to the assessment of more than one domain. Consequently, the scales may lead to under-or overestimates of cognitive abilities in some clinical samples and may not be the best measure to use for matching purposes. Method To address this issue we created a modified form of the BSID-II (the BSI-M) to provide a 'purer' assessment of the general cognitive capacities in infants with DS from 6 through to 18 months of age. We excluded a number of items that implicated language, motor, attentional and social functioning from the original measure. This modified form was administered to 17 infants with Down's syndrome when 6-, 12-and 18-months-old and to 41 typically developing infants at 4-, 7-and 10-months. Results The results suggested that the modified form continued to provide a meaningful and stable measure of cognitive functioning and revealed that DS infants may score marginally higher in terms of general cognitive abilities when using this modified form than they might when using the standard BSID-II scales. Conclusions This modified form may be useful for researchers who need a 'purer' measure with which to match infants with Down syndrome and other infants with IDs on cognitive functioning.

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Nutrition and cognition: assessing cognitive abilities in children and young people

European Journal of Nutrition, 2008

format_quoteCritical periods of rapid neural development show heightened vulnerability to nutritional deficiencies, especially during the perinatal phase.format_quote

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