Muhamad Yunus

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Central Sensitivity Syndromes: A New Paradigm and Group Nosology for Fibromyalgia and Overlapping Conditions, and the Related Issue of Disease versus Illness

Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism, 2008

To discuss the current terminologies used for fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) and related overlapping... more To discuss the current terminologies used for fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) and related overlapping conditions, to examine if central sensitivity syndromes (CSS) is the appropriate nosology for these disorders, and to explore the issue of disease versus illness. Methods: A literature search was performed through PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect using a number of keywords, eg, functional somatic syndromes, somatoform disorders, medically unexplained symptoms, organic and nonorganic, and diseases and illness. Relevant articles were then reviewed and representative ones cited. Results: Terminologies currently used for CSS conditions predominantly represent a psychosocial construct and are inappropriate. On the other hand, CSS seems to be the logical nosology based on a biopsychosocial model. Such terms as "medically unexplained symptoms," "somatization," "somatization disorder," and "functional somatic syndromes" in the context of CSS should be abandoned. Given current scientific knowledge, the concept of disease-illness dualism has no rational basis and impedes proper patient-physician communication, resulting in poor patient care. The concept of CSS is likely to promote research, education, and proper patient management. Conclusion: CSS seems to be a useful paradigm and an appropriate terminology for FMS and related conditions. The disease-illness, as well as organic/non-organic dichotomy, should be rejected.

format_quoteCSS diseases exhibit objective findings, such as heightened tender points, challenging misconceptions of being purely psychosomatic disorders.format_quote

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Assessment of the antibacterial activity of Cuscuta pedicellata Ledeb

African Journal of Biotechnology, 2014

In search for alternative ways for bacterial fruit lesions control, we evaluated the aqueous deco... more In search for alternative ways for bacterial fruit lesions control, we evaluated the aqueous decoction and aqueous infusion extract of Cuscuta pedicellata L. for their antibacterial activity against different pathovar of Xanthomonas campestris, the causal agent of this disease. The collected leaves were washed, dried and powdered. Aqueous decoction and aqueous infusion extract were prepared and observed for their antibacterial efficacy by using the well diffusion method in vitro. The significant results obtained showed that both extracts tested inhibited the bacterial growth of pathogen with inhibition zone diameter ranging from 1.0 to 5.0 cm. The aqueous decoction revealed strongest antibacterial activity on X. campestris pv. mangiferaeindicae and X. campestris pv. punicae whereas aqueous infusion extract showed strongest antibacterial activity on X. campestris pv. citri and X. campestris pv. pinicae. The susceptibility of different pathovars of X. campestris to this plant extracts varied. The study indicates the potential of this plant extracts in the management of diseases caused by X. campestris in several important crop plants.

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Virulence and SSR Diversity of Brown Planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) Adapted on Differential Rice Host Varieties

HAYATI Journal of Biosciences, 2021

Brown planthopper biotype 1, 2, 3 and a representative field population are required for resistan... more Brown planthopper biotype 1, 2, 3 and a representative field population are required for resistance screening of promising rice lines in Indonesia, but the current biotype stocks has shown deviation in virulence patterns. The objectives of this study were to develop a set of brown planthopper populations with differential virulence and to investigate their genetic variability using SSR marker. Females originated from two field populations were selected on variety Mudgo (carries Bph1 gene) or ASD7 (bph2 gene) using honeydew excretion as the virulence parameter. Selection cycles resulted in population T, M, A, and R, which was raised and adapted on variety TN1 (carries no Bph gene), Mudgo, ASD7, and Rathu Heenathi (Bph3, Bph17), respectively. Population R was the most virulent as expected and can be used to represent a field population, but the remaining populations still showed high virulence level. AMOVA and PCoA results based on analysis with 38 SSR primer pairs revealed partial ge...

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