Papers by Muhammad Aleem Sabir Khan
To evaluate the correlation between the severity of hypothyroidism and tear film parameters in af... more To evaluate the correlation between the severity of hypothyroidism and tear film parameters in affected patients. This cross-sectional study was conducted at University of Lahore teaching hospital, over six months. A total of 64 hypothyroid patients aged 18-65 years were selected using consecutive sampling. For data collection uses the OSDI (ocular surface disease index) questionnaire, Schirmer 1 test, and tear break-up time test TBUT to assess tear production and stability. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to minimize confounding factors. A total of 64 hypothyroidism patients were included, comprising 36 males (56.3%) and 28 females (43.8%) with a mean age of 39.19±11.84 years (range 18-65 years). The Shapiro-Wilk indicated non-normal data distribution (p<0.05). among ocular symptoms, dry eye was reported "always" by 31.3%, gritty/sandy sensation by 65.6%, and blurred vision by 64.1% of participants. Difficulties with reading (67.2%) and night driving (73.4%) were also frequent. No significant correlation was found between disease severity and tear function tests (p<0.05), though strong inter-eye consistency was observed for Schirmer (r=0.923) and TBUT (r=0.967) values. Hypothyroidism is strongly associated with increased dry eye symptoms, significantly impacting patients' daily activities and comfort. Regular ocular evaluation and timely management are essential to prevent chronic ocular surface complications in these patients.
Review Journal of Neurological & Medical Sciences Review, 2026
countries, the cause of CVI, clinical features, investigation of choice in CVI in children, child... more countries, the cause of CVI, clinical features, investigation of choice in CVI in children, children with CVI need an eye examination, management of CVI, and vision improvement knowledge in children having CVI. However, 60.3 % of participants were aware of the investigation of choice for diagnosing CVI and 38.4 % were aware of the leading causes of visual impairment in the developed countries. The study also established that the knowledge score was higher in ophthalmologists than the optometrist's and other practitioner's. Conclusion: Most of the ophthalmologist's, optometrist's and eye care practitioner's had a good knowledge about the cause, investigation of choice, management and prognosis of CVI regarding the need for eye examination. However only a limited number of participants were aware of the clinical features, common risk factors and the leading causes of visual impairment. Majority of the participants rarely examined patients with CVI, which does not correlate with the high prevalence of perinatal hypoxia, the commonest cause of CVI, in our country.
Frontier in Medical & Health Research, 2026
Background: Including eye and vision issues thyroid problems can result in a number of structural... more Background: Including eye and vision issues thyroid problems can result in a number of structural body and functional changes, which can be detrimental to a patient's well-being. Objective: To clinically assess ocular surface changes among patients with hyperthyroidism using standardized ocular surface evaluation parameters.
SOCIAL SCIENCE REVIEW ARCHIVES, 2026
Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial ocular surface disorder characterized by tear film loss... more Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial ocular surface disorder characterized by tear film loss, often overlapped by ocular allergy (OA). Both conditions can have a major effect on people's standard of living. Topical treatments are advised for OA, but eye drop formulations may contain additional substances contributing to DED. Dry eyes as a result of decreased tear production, patients frequently suffer dryness, irritation, and a grainy feeling. To compare tear film instability in patients with dry eye disease during the summer and winter seasons. A comparative crosssectional study was conducted on 128 dry eye patients
Social Science Review Archives, 2026
Glaucoma is progressive optic neuropathy often due to high eye pressure, leading to permanent vi... more Glaucoma is progressive optic neuropathy often due to high eye pressure, leading to permanent vision loss if untreated. It is typically symptoms less in early. The primary treatment for glaucoma is lowering IOP. Pharmacological treatment remains the first line treatment; however poor patients’ compliance long-term dependency limits its effectiveness. Micro-pulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation has developed as an insignificantly invasive laser therapy with promising consequences.To compare the effects of micro-pulse transscleral cyclo-coagulation laser with pharmacological drops in lowering IOP.To compare the patient compliances in both groups.A randomized control trail was conducted at Allied hospital for 6 months using a random sample technique. Total 50 patients diagnosed with glaucoma were enrolled and randomly allocated into two groups, each with 25 patients. Group A received micro-pulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation while Group B was treated with timolol 0.5%. The study followed single blind design where participants were unaware of their treatment allocation group. Baseline IOP and VFQ were recorded before any intervention and follow-up measurements were taken at 1st week, 4 week and 6 months. The Shapiro-Wilk test was applied to assess the normality of data. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 27.After applying Shipro-Wilk test all variables showed p values greater than 0.005 the data were considered normally disturbed. Within group analysis showed statistically significant reduction in IOP and improvement in VFQ scores in Group A from baseline to all follow-up visits (p<0.001), demonstrating continuous enhancement over time. In Group B, both IOP and VFQ scores showed initial improvement however, no significant more changes were observed after 4 weeks. Across the group comparison showed that Group A achieved greater reduction in IOP and improvementin VFQ scores compared to group B, moreoverpatient compliances was better in Group A as compared to Group B. The study concluded that (MP-TSCPC) showed better and consistent results in reducing IOP and better patient compliances as compared to timolol 5 % drops in glaucoma patients.
Physical Education Health and Social Sciences, 2026
The ETDRS (Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Review) card is gold standard in visual acuity te... more The ETDRS (Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Review) card is gold standard in visual acuity tests, was the prototype for the logMAR (Logarithm of the Minimum Angle of Resolution) card. A logMAR style smartphone-based application called Portable Eye Examination Kit (Peek Acuity). This review aims to compare the PEEK Acuity application with the ETDRS chart in assessing visual acuity and refractive error, focusing on time efficiency, patient satisfaction, ease of use and comfort. A narrative review was done by digital searching from PubMed, Google Scholar, PEDro, Science Direct, and EBSCO. Two applications applied Peek acuity and ETDRs chart assessment. Both were applied on all participants. Outcome measurement tools were the Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire Short Form (PSQ-18) and topic related questions were added from these two Ease of Care (EOC) questionnaires for assessment of ease and comfort level and Comfort Questionnaire (GCQ). Both methods were effective in enhancing patient outcomes. However, the ETDRS chart was associated with superior performance in terms of visual acuity accuracy and patient satisfaction, while Peek Acuity demonstrated advantages in reduced testing time and improved patient comfort and ease of use.
Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, 2025
Purpose: To evaluate the effects of optimized blinking training (OBT) on ocular performance metri... more Purpose: To evaluate the effects of optimized blinking training (OBT) on ocular performance metrics in individuals with computer vision syndrome (CVS). Methods: A double-blind, randomized controlled trial (NCT06913816) was conducted at The Ramzan Eye Care and Optix. Fifty-two individuals diagnosed with CVS participated (17 females, 35 males). Participants were randomly assigned to two groups: the experimental group received OBT, while the control group did not. Ocular performance was assessed using the Visual Function Index Questionnaire (VFIQ) and the Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire (CVS-Q) at baseline, mid-treatment, and posttreatment. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman tests in SPSS version 27. Results: The mean age of participants was 28.63 ± 6.93 years. At baseline, there were no significant group differences in visual function or CVS scores (p > 0.05). Mid-treatment, the experimental group showed significant improvements in visual function (p = 0.05) and CVS scores (p = 0.050) compared to controls. Post-treatment, the experimental group achieved marked gains in visual function (mean = 62.09 ± 6.73, p = 0.01) and significant reductions in CVS symptoms (mean = 6.09 ± 3.28, p = 0.003), while improvements in the control group were smaller and less significant. Within-group analysis confirmed progressive, statistically significant improvements over time in the experimental group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Optimized blinking training effectively improved visual function and reduced CVS symptoms. It may serve as a safe, non-pharmacological approach to managing digital eye strain among individuals with prolonged screen exposure.
Journal of Health, Wellness and Community Research, 2025
Background: Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disorder of the ocular surface characterize... more Background: Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disorder of the ocular surface characterized by tear film instability, inflammation, and neurosensory dysfunction. While cosmetic facial procedures such as chemical peels are increasingly common, their potential impact on ocular surface physiology remains underexplored. Facial peels involve the application of acidic agents near the periocular region, where inadvertent exposure or vapor diffusion may compromise tear film homeostasis. Objective: To evaluate temporal changes in tear film stability and tear secretion following mild to moderate facial chemical peels in adults. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on 33 participants (20-40 years) undergoing standardized glycolic or trichloroacetic acid peels. Tear break-up time (TBUT) and Schirmer I tests were assessed at baseline, 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks. Non-parametric Friedman tests with Holm-adjusted post-hoc analyses and Kendall's W effect sizes were applied.
The Healer Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, 2025
Background: Convergence insufficiency is a common binocular vision disorder in children and adole... more Background: Convergence insufficiency is a common binocular vision disorder in children and adolescents, often leading to symptoms like eye strain, blurred vision, and difficulty reading. Various non-surgical interventions exist, including pencil push-up exercises and base-out prism therapy. Objective: To compare the efficacy of base-out exercising prisms and pencil push-up exercises in improving convergence insufficiency. Methodology: This controlled trial included 28 participants aged 10 to 15 years with clinically diagnosed convergence insufficiency. A total of 28 individuals aged 10-15 were selected through random sampling based on near point of convergence and convergence insufficiency symptom survey scores. Patients with history of strabismus, amblyopia, or refractive error more than six diopters, patients with a history of prism prescription, history of strabismus surgery, or refractive error surgery, eye trauma, or any systemic and neurological diseases affecting binocular vision were excluded. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: Group A received base-out exercising prisms for 15-20 minutes daily, five days a week, for 12 weeks, while Group B performed pencil pushup exercises for the same duration. After 12 weeks, the same tests will be repeated to assess improvements in both scores. Data was securely recorded and analysed to ensure accurate and consistent evaluation of the interventions. Statistical analysis was conducted using Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman tests. Results: Baseline, midline, and Post, the mean ranks decrease from baseline to post, with a chi-square of 53.05 and a p-value of 0.000. This suggests a significant difference across the time points for the near point of convergence. Baseline, midline, and postline mean ranks also decrease, with a chi-square of 51.92 and a p-value of 0.000. This indicates a significant difference in symptom scores across these time points. Conclusion: Both near point of convergence and convergence insufficiency symptom survey scores show significant changes over time (from baseline to post), as indicated by the low p-values (0.000). The decrease in mean ranks for both scores from baseline to post suggests an improvement in convergence ability and a reduction in symptoms throughout the study. Results suggest that base-out exercising prism is more effective than pencil push-up exercises in improving convergence ability.
The Healer Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, 2025
Background: Dry eye disease is a multifactorial condition often exacerbated by cataract surgery, ... more Background: Dry eye disease is a multifactorial condition often exacerbated by cataract surgery, leading to discomfort and visual disturbances. Meibomian gland dysfunction, a key cause of dry eye disease, contributes to tear film instability, which can be managed with warm compress therapy. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of perioperative warm compress therapy in improving tear film stability and reducing dry eye symptoms following cataract surgery. Methodology: This randomized controlled trial involved 60 participants aged 50 to 70 years with moderate to severe dry eye symptoms and tear film instability, as indicated by high ocular surface disease index scores. Patients were randomly assigned to an intervention group, receiving warm compress therapy after surgery, and a control group receiving standard dry eye treatments for six weeks. Perioperative and postoperative evaluations included the ocular surface disease index and a standardised patient evaluation of eye dryness questionnaire to measure dry eye symptoms and quality of life. The normality of the data was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Independent and paired sample t-tests were used to analyse the parametric difference between and within each group, respectively, to assess improvement in tear film stability and symptom reduction. Results: Warm compress therapy mean standardised patient evaluation of eye dryness questionnaire at day one was 20.37±3.85 before the treatment and 2.37±1.36 after the treatment, mean score of the control group before treatment was 17.41±2.4, after the treatment was 5.38±1.5. The mean score of ocular surface disease index scores of the warm compress therapy before and after treatment was 75.48±9.09, 18.07±4.45. The mean score of ocular surface disease index of the control group before and after treatment was 54.11±11.3, and 31.41±6.2, respectively. The mean difference in ocular surface disease index was 22.7 (p≤0.05). Conclusion: Significant difference was found between both groups; the warm compress therapy group shows greater improvement in dry eye symptoms and tear film quality, while warm compress therapy offers a significant benefit in managing dry eye after cataract surgery.
The Healer Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, 2025
Background: The early treatment diabetic retinopathy study chart is the gold standard in visual a... more Background: The early treatment diabetic retinopathy study chart is the gold standard in visual acuity tests, was the prototype for the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution card, which is a smartphone-based application called portable eye examination kit/peek acuity. Objective: To compare the Peek Acuity application with the early treatment diabetic retinopathy study chart in assessing visual acuity and refractive error, focusing on time efficiency, patient satisfaction, ease of use and comfort. Methodology: In this comparative crosssectional study, the sample size taken was 58, with a 10% dropout. Two applications applied Peek acuity and diabetic retinopathy study chart assessment, 51 patients met eligibility criteria and were enrolled in the study. Both adult males and females aged 18 years and above, those with either normal vision or those with refractive errors, who were already using corrective glasses, were recruited in the study. Participants with conjunctivitis, uveitis, keratitis, or corneal ulcers or vision loss secondary to corneal opacities, cataracts, glaucoma, retinal disorders, or optic nerve pathologies, postoperative or intraoperative complications, use of mydriatic drops or undergoing refractive surgery were excluded from the study. Outcome measurement tools were the Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire Short Form, and topic-related questions were added from these two Ease of Care questionnaires for assessment of ease and comfort level and the Comfort Questionnaire. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to check normality, showing significant p-values for all variables and non-normal distribution. Therefore, non-parametric tests were applied. The chi-square test was applied to find the Pearson correlation between different variables. Mann-Whitney U test and one-sample Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used to measure differences. Results: The chi-square test showed a significant association between gender and affected eyes and refractive error. One-sample Wilcoxon ranked test results reject the null hypothesis for all tests (p≤0.05). Conclusion: Both methods were effective in enhancing patient outcomes. However, the early treatment diabetic retinopathy study chart was associated with superior performance in terms of visual acuity accuracy and patient satisfaction, while Peek Acuity demonstrated advantages in reduced testing time and improved patient comfort and ease of use.
INSIGHTS-JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND REHABILITATION, 2025
Background: Female fast bowlers in cricket require a distinct combination of sprint speed, agilit... more Background: Female fast bowlers in cricket require a distinct combination of sprint speed, agility, and explosive power to meet the demands of their role. Due to their unique physiological and biomechanical profiles, conventional training methods may not fully optimize performance or prevent injuries. Plyometric training (PT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) are two evidence-based interventions known to enhance athletic output, yet their comparative impact on female fast bowlers remains underexplored. Objective: To compare the effects of plyometric training and high-intensity interval training on sprint speed, agility, and power in female fast bowlers. Methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted over six months and included 34 female fast bowlers aged 18-25 years, recruited from local cricket academies. Participants were randomly assigned to either the PT group (n=17) or the HIIT group (n=17). The PT group performed explosive lower-body movements such as box jumps and depth jumps, targeting the stretchshortening cycle, while the HIIT group engaged in cardiovascular drills including sprint intervals and shuttle runs at 85-95% HRmax, followed by active recovery at 50-60% HRmax. Each intervention lasted 6 weeks, with three weekly sessions. Performance was assessed pre-and post-intervention using the 40-Yard Sprint Test (40-YT), Standing Broad Jump (SBJ), and Agility Test (AT). Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS-23, applying paired sample t-tests and independent t-tests for within-and between-group comparisons. Results: The PT group demonstrated a mean improvement in SBJ of-76.69 ± 3.327 cm, 40-YT of 0.925 ± 0.2696 seconds, and AT of 0.706 ± 0.0267 seconds. The HIIT group showed a mean improvement in SBJ of 31.4 ± 0.911 cm, 40-YT of 0.787 ± 0.0664 seconds, and AT of 0.08 ± 0.0581 seconds. All outcomes were statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: Both training interventions significantly improved sprint speed, agility, and power in female fast bowlers. However, plyometric training produced greater performance gains, suggesting its superior effectiveness for this athletic population.
Medical Journal of South Punjab, 2024
Objective: To find out the prevalence and severity of dry eye in Post-Menopausal Women. Methods: ... more Objective: To find out the prevalence and severity of dry eye in Post-Menopausal Women. Methods: The study included 59 participants who had been diagnosed with menopause based on their medical history. After acquiring signed consent, Patients were inquired about any ocular complaints of dry eye and a Schirmer test was done using an anesthetic agent after they were comfortable. The ethics committee had already given their approval. Results: The current study included 59 post-menopausal women. The overall incidence of dry eye disease in postmenopausal women was found to be 43 (72.9%), which was statistically significant (p<0.05). The majority of postmenopausal women with dry eyes were between the ages of 60-64 years old (83.3%). Among 43 (72.9%) postmenopausal women, 23.6% had mild dry eye, 51.16% had moderate dry eye, and 25.58% had a severe dry eye. DED becomes more severe as the patient becomes older and the menopause lasts longer. Hormonal changes, dietary deficiencies, environmental variables, under diagnoses of illness, and poor compliance were the most common causes of postmenopausal women's dry eyes. Conclusion: Our study was compared to previous dry eye investigations, and the results were similar. Hence, dry eye should be tested and treated periodically. Early diagnosis of dry eye can reduce the risk of visual impairment and can improve the general performance of postmenopausal women.
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Papers by Muhammad Aleem Sabir Khan