Papers by Jacqueline Nadel
Enfance, Sep 1, 2013
La cause du bégaiement n'est pas entièrement comprise. De ce fait, de nombreuses théories causale... more La cause du bégaiement n'est pas entièrement comprise. De ce fait, de nombreuses théories causales ont été développées Cet article théorique présente un modèle causal à trois facteurs qui propose une explication du mécanisme causal sous-tendant les moments de bégaiement. Le modèle tente d'expliquer la causalité dans sa totalité, avec l'espoir de stimuler la discussion et de conduire à de nouvelles lignes de recherche. MOTS CLÉS : BÉGAIEMENT, CAUSE, THÉORIE.
Dépistage des troubles du spectre autistique : les leçons de la recherche et de la pratique clinique
Enfance, Mar 1, 2009
EnglishSeveral research studies have attempted to prospectively identify children with Autism Spe... more EnglishSeveral research studies have attempted to prospectively identify children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) using screening instruments. Whilst it has been possible to pick up unrecognised cases using screens, no instrument has yet proved sufficiently robust to recommend universal screening. However, autism screens can play an important role in improved surveillance for ASD and other developmental disorders. There are important differences between the development of screening instruments in research studies and the use of screens as part of routine clinical surveillance. Screening for a developmental disorder raises clinical issues for parents and professionals, including those relating to the concept of 'risk status', certainty of diagnosis, advice about management and the availability of appropriate services. One positive by-product of screening studies will be improvements in the training and knowledge of primary care health practitioners about early signs of ASD, hopefully leading to improved clinical decision-making about appropriate referral. Future developments in the field should include consideration of a broader approach to the identification of children with developmental and language disorders alongside the identification of children with ASD, and appropriate research designs to test the specific benefits of early intervention. francaisOn a tente de pronostiquer les troubles du spectre autistique (TSA) en utilisant des instruments de depistage. Mais si l?on a pu ainsi depister des cas restes insoupconnes, aucun instrument ne s?est montre assez robuste pour devenir un outil universel de depistage. Malgre tout, les outils de depistage peuvent ameliorer le controle des TSA et des autres troubles developpementaux. D?importantes differences entre le developpement d?instruments de depistage dans les recherches et leur utilisation en tant que routine de controle clinique demeurent. Depister un trouble developpemental entraine des consequences cliniques pour les parents et les professionnels, liees au statut du « risque », a la fiabilite du diagnostic, aux prescriptions, et aux services disponibles. L?un des resultats positifs des recherches sur le depistage sera une meilleure connaissance et une formation des praticiens concernant les signes precoces des TSA, dont on peut esperer qu?elles conduiront a ameliorer les prises de decision adequates. Il serait utile dans le futur de pouvoir mieux differencier les troubles autistiques des troubles du developpement general et du langage, et de mettre au point des instruments de recherche qui permettent de tester les benefices specifiques d?une intervention precoce.
Social gaze training for Autism Spectrum Disorder using eye-tracking and virtual humans
Interaction Studies, Oct 20, 2022
Background: Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have pronounced difficulties in atten... more Background: Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have pronounced difficulties in attending to relevant visual information during social interactions. Method: We designed and evaluated the feasibility of a novel method to train this ability, by exposing participants to virtual human characters displayed on a screen which was entirely blurred, except for a gaze-contingent viewing window that followed participants’ eyes direction. The goal was to incite participants to direct their gaze towards the facial expressions of the virtual characters. Twenty-one adolescents with ASD who attended ordinary school were randomized to either an experimental group, who was trained during a month and a half, or to a control group. Social communicative abilities were assessed during pre, post and follow-up tests. Results: After training, the experimental group showed significantly more interest in facial expressions on a test which involved understanding a dialogue. Significant differences were not found for the other tests used. Conclusions: This outcome suggests that the training method fostered participants’ awareness of the relevance of facial expressions.
Chapitre 8. Évaluer l’imitation dans le TSA
Les Ateliers du praticien, 2021
Chapitre II - La dimension sociale de l’imitation
How to build an imitator?
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2004
ABSTRACT
Introducción: El trabajo de André Bullinger en la encrucijada entre la sensomotricidad solitaria y compartida
Enfance, 2015
Chapitre 1. Ce qu’imiter veut dire
Les Ateliers du praticien, 2021
Introduction. L’imitation, cette mal-aimée du développement
Les Ateliers du praticien, 2021
Chapitre 2. Imiter et se développer
Dunod eBooks, Jan 13, 2016
Chapitre 6. La boîte à outils de l’imitation
Dunod eBooks, Mar 3, 2021
Chapitre 3. Imiter pour quoi faire ?
Dunod eBooks, Jan 13, 2016
Chapitre 7. Évaluer l’imitation dans le TSA
Psychotherapies, 2016
Chapitre 8. L’imitation, chef de chantier du développement
Psychotherapies, 2016
Imitation et plasticité du développement
Enfance, 2019
L’imitation est un vehicule de la plasticite du developpement. Elle permet de ‘faire du neuf avec... more L’imitation est un vehicule de la plasticite du developpement. Elle permet de ‘faire du neuf avec du vieux’, c’est-a-dire d’exploiter le repertoire moteur existant pour l’elargir et le reorganiser en fonction de ce que l’on voit les autres faire. Des la naissance, cette plasticite de l’imitation est demontrable. Plus tard, l’apprentissage par observation temoigne des capacites de reorganisation du repertoire devant la perception du nouveau. Comme on le verra, cette capacite est accessible aux enfants avec trouble du spectre de l’autisme (TSA), meme dans le cas d’autisme non verbal severe. Outre son role dans les apprentissages, l’imitation a d’autres fonctions, sociales celles-la. Elle offre un format de communication ou sont engages imitateur et imite, et elle participe a la mise en place de la simulation de la perspective de l’autre dans la theorie de l’esprit. En conclusion, du fait de ses multiples fonctions, l’imitation offre au developpement des moyens evolutifs. Elle est un marqueur de plasticite comportementale. De ce fait elle devrait trouver sa place parmi les criteres diagnostiques precoces en tant qu’element pronostique de possibilite adaptative au cours du developpement.
L'œuvre d'André Bullinger au carrefour entre sensori-motricité solitaire et sensori-motricité partagée
Enfance, 2015
Does Imitation Matter to Children with Autism
A New Virtual Environment Paradigm for High-Functioning Autism Intended to Help Attentional Disengagement in a Social Context
Journal, physical therapy education, 2011
This article presents a review of the question regarding the link between social communication di... more This article presents a review of the question regarding the link between social communication difficulties and altered executive functions (which are cognitive functions involved in the control of behavior, such as planning, inhibition, working memory etc) in high functioning autism. We first analyze the difficulties experienced by people with high functioning autism in processing contextual cues during social conversations. We extend this approach to a broader scope including verbal and non-verbal communication. Indeed, understanding social interactions requires integrating and connecting transient multimodal social cues. The article then focuses on the alterations reported in high functioning autism concerning the ability to process facial expressions during an ongoing conversation. This ability involves attentional resources that are discussed in light of the executive dysfunction attributed to autism. On this basis, we hypothesize that the difficulties in appreciating the synergy between facial expressions and speech could be linked to impairments in shifting attention from one to the other. A new experimental paradigm designed for testing this hypothesis is presented. It relies on a virtual environment system based on eye-tracking technology enabling users to control the visual display via their gaze. The intent behind this apparatus is to compensate for the deficits in shifting attention attributed to autism. We finally describe the procedure devised for testing this new virtual environment paradigm and conclude on its potential therapeutic use.
Communicating by Imitation: A Developmental and Comparative Approach to Transitory Social Competence
The primary research activities of our team at the Laboratoire de Psychobiologie de l’Enfant in P... more The primary research activities of our team at the Laboratoire de Psychobiologie de l’Enfant in Paris involve the development of social communication during the first 3 to 4 years of life. We have focused on what might be called the hidden face of early social competence. More precisely, we have been involved in the functional analysis of transitory adaptation — the examination of behavior that either declines or disappears during the early stages of development.
Aprender observándose a sí mismo haciendo lo que nunca antes ha hecho: un método innovador para niños no verbales con trastorno del espectro autista
Enfance, 2017
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Papers by Jacqueline Nadel