Papers by Naneng Setiasih
Naga, 2004
Coral bleaching and subsequent mortality represent a major threat to the future health and produc... more Coral bleaching and subsequent mortality represent a major threat to the future health and productivity of coral reefs. However a lack of reliable data on occurrence, severity and other characteristics of bleaching events hampers research on the causes and consequences of this important phenomenon. This article describes a global protocol for monitoring coral bleaching events, which addresses this problem and can be used by people with different levels of expertise and resources.
International concern is growing with regard to the sustainability of manta and devil ray 33 (col... more International concern is growing with regard to the sustainability of manta and devil ray 33 (collectively mobulids) fisheries as demand for mobulid products has increased in 34 international markets over the last decade. While Indonesia has been reported to be one of 35 the worlds' top three catchers of mobulid rays, detailed information on these fisheries and 36 the status of Indonesian mobulid populations are lacking. Through collection of historical 37 and recent mobuild fisheries data from published and unpublished sources, this study aimed 38 to identify trends in abundance of Indonesian manta and devil rays and explore socio-39 economic factors and incentives associated with mobulid fisheries. 40 41 Comparison of catches from 2001-5 to the most recent data from 2013-14 revealed 42 dramatic declines in mobulid landings over the study period of 64% at Cilacap, 75% at 43 Lamakera, and 94% at Tanjung Luar. The largest declines were observed for Manta spp. 44 and the two large devil rays, Mobula tarapacana and Mobula japanica. Anecdotal reports 45 indicated that catches had declined substantially at three additional sites and local 46 extirpations are strongly suspected to have occurred at three locations. A lack of data on the 47 population ecology of Indonesia's mobulids makes it difficult to determine whether natural 48 fluctuations may be playing a part in the declining catch rates. However, mobulid life 49 history traits, including low reproductive rates and late age of sexual maturation, indicate 50 that fishing pressure is likely the primary driver in these declines. 51 52 Interviews in Lamakera, a community which depends on income from its targeted mobulid 53 fishery, suggest that programs focused on education, training and infrastructure 54 development to enable shifts to sustainable livelihood alternatives are likely to offer the 55 most successful path to long-term conservation and management of manta and devil rays, 56 while simultaneously yielding economic and social benefits to fishing communities. 57 58 There has been growing international concern in recent years regarding the 61 sustainability of manta and devil ray (collectively mobulids) fisheries as demand for 62 mobulid products has increased in international markets (Heinrichs et al., 2011; Couturier 63 et al., 2012). Most large elasmobranchs are recognized for their conservative life history 64 strategies; slow growth, late sexual maturation, long life spans, long gestation periods, low 65 reproductive rates and low natural mortality, factors that make them highly vulnerable to 66
Tourist satisfaction and expenditures in a reef-adjoining dolphin watching industry in Lovina, Bali Indonesia
Coral Reefs: Tourism, Conservation and Management, 2018
This chapter focuses on tourist experience and economic benefits of the reef-adjoining dolphin wa... more This chapter focuses on tourist experience and economic benefits of the reef-adjoining dolphin watching industry in Lovina, Bali Indonesia in 2013. Tourist satisfaction was generally low, the tourists disliked the inconsiderate driving behaviours of the boatmen and satisfied tourists were more likely to rejoin the trip or recommend the trip to others. The industry's total direct expenditures were ~USD 8.7 million p.a., with ~ USD 72,800 p.a. financial spill-over to the local snorkelling industry. Without the dolphins, Lovina might lose ~27% of the total direct expenditures (~ 11% to adjacent reef sites). Dolphin conservation combined with local reef tourism should be made priority to sustain local income in the future.
Building Capacity for Socio-ecological Resilience to Coral Bleaching Events & Climate Change in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand
In 2010, a rise in sea water temperatures off Thailand, Indonesia and Malaysia resulted in substa... more In 2010, a rise in sea water temperatures off Thailand, Indonesia and Malaysia resulted in substantial coral bleaching. An ecological and economic survey was undertaken to determine the extent of this bleaching and also the economic implications, particularly for scuba divers. As part of the survey, a choice experiment was undertaken to determine the loss in non-market economic value (in terms of consumer surplus) to divers from the coral bleaching. In this paper, we present the results of this analysis, and implications for ongoing monitoring and management of the reefs. We estimate the loss in economic value due to the 2010 coral bleaching event to be on the order of $50m to $80m.
There are many scientific institutions, government bodies, and non-governmental organizations (NG... more There are many scientific institutions, government bodies, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that have conducted research studies of coral reefs in Indonesia. However, only a fraction of that research has addressed or has been well integrated into coral reef management. This project is aimed at building an understanding of how management is informed by current science and how science can be used to identify gaps, and to propose mechanisms for improvement.
International concern is growing with regard to the sustainability of manta and devil ray 33 (col... more International concern is growing with regard to the sustainability of manta and devil ray 33 (collectively mobulids) fisheries as demand for mobulid products has increased in 34 international markets over the last decade. While Indonesia has been reported to be one of 35 the worlds' top three catchers of mobulid rays, detailed information on these fisheries and 36 the status of Indonesian mobulid populations are lacking. Through collection of historical 37 and recent mobuild fisheries data from published and unpublished sources, this study aimed 38 to identify trends in abundance of Indonesian manta and devil rays and explore socio-39 economic factors and incentives associated with mobulid fisheries. 40 41 Comparison of catches from 2001-5 to the most recent data from 2013-14 revealed 42 dramatic declines in mobulid landings over the study period of 64% at Cilacap, 75% at 43 Lamakera, and 94% at Tanjung Luar. The largest declines were observed for Manta spp. 44 and the two large devil rays, Mobula tarapacana and Mobula japanica. Anecdotal reports 45 indicated that catches had declined substantially at three additional sites and local 46 extirpations are strongly suspected to have occurred at three locations. A lack of data on the 47 population ecology of Indonesia's mobulids makes it difficult to determine whether natural 48 fluctuations may be playing a part in the declining catch rates. However, mobulid life 49 history traits, including low reproductive rates and late age of sexual maturation, indicate 50 that fishing pressure is likely the primary driver in these declines. 51 52 Interviews in Lamakera, a community which depends on income from its targeted mobulid 53 fishery, suggest that programs focused on education, training and infrastructure 54 development to enable shifts to sustainable livelihood alternatives are likely to offer the 55 most successful path to long-term conservation and management of manta and devil rays, 56 while simultaneously yielding economic and social benefits to fishing communities. 57 58 There has been growing international concern in recent years regarding the 61 sustainability of manta and devil ray (collectively mobulids) fisheries as demand for 62 mobulid products has increased in international markets (Heinrichs et al., 2011; Couturier 63 et al., 2012). Most large elasmobranchs are recognized for their conservative life history 64 strategies; slow growth, late sexual maturation, long life spans, long gestation periods, low 65 reproductive rates and low natural mortality, factors that make them highly vulnerable to 66
Coral bleaching and subsequent mortality represent a major threat to the future health and produc... more Coral bleaching and subsequent mortality represent a major threat to the future health and productivity of coral reefs. However a lack of reliable data on occurrence, severity and other characteristics of bleaching events hampers research on the causes and consequences of this important phenomenon. This article describes a global protocol for monitoring coral bleaching events, which addresses this problem and can be used by people with different levels of expertise and resources.
In 2010, a rise in sea water temperatures off Thailand, Indonesia and Malaysia resulted in substa... more In 2010, a rise in sea water temperatures off Thailand, Indonesia and Malaysia resulted in substantial coral bleaching. An ecological and economic survey was undertaken to determine the extent of this bleaching and also the economic implications, particularly for scuba divers. As part of the survey, a choice experiment was undertaken to determine the loss in non-market economic value (in terms of consumer surplus) to divers from the coral bleaching. In this paper, we present the results of this analysis, and implications for ongoing monitoring and management of the reefs. We estimate the loss in economic value due to the 2010 coral bleaching event to be on the order of $50m to $80m.
Marine reserves are increasingly being established as a mechanism to protect marine biodiversity ... more Marine reserves are increasingly being established as a mechanism to protect marine biodiversity and sensitive habitats. As well as providing conservation benefits, marine reserves provide benefits to recreational scuba divers who dive within the reserve, as well as to recreational and commercial fishers outside the reserve through spill-over effects. To ensure benefits are being realised, management of marine reserves requires ongoing monitoring and surveillance. These are not costless, and many marine reserve managers impose an entry fee. In some countries, dive tourism is major income source to coastal industries, and a concern is that high entry fees may dissuade divers. In this paper, the price elasticity of demand for dive tourism in three countries in South East Asia-Indonesia, Thailand and Malaysiais estimated using a travel-cost model. From the model, the total non-market use value associated with diving in the area is estimated to be in the order of US$4.5 billion a year. The price elasticity of demand in the region is highly inelastic, such that increasing the cost of diving through a management levy would have little impact on total diver numbers.
Building resilience into coral reef management: Key findings and recommendations
The East Asian Seas Region, the area including North East and South East Asia, bear coral reefs w... more The East Asian Seas Region, the area including North East and South East Asia, bear coral reefs with the world's richest diversity, which is very important in light of biodiversity conservation. These reefs are also indispensable for local communities because they provide livelihoods and economic benefits as fishery and tourism resources and protect the land as a natural breakwater. However, they are at high risk of destruction due to coastal development accompanied with the rapid population growth in the neighboring coastal area. The Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network (GCRMN) was launched in 1996 with the purpose of collecting information and raising awareness about coral reef for conservation. The Status of Coral Reefs of the World is one of the most successful outputs from GCRMN for rising people's awareness that has been published every 2 to 3 years since 1998. The first issue highlighted a global crisis of coral bleaching caused by high water temperature. This book is one of the regional followers for the global report on coral status to share information for enhancing conservation effort in the East Asia. The first regional status book was published and delivered during the first Asia Pacific Coral Reef Symposium in Hong Kong 2006 and this is the second issue of the East Asia regional report edited in 2010. Unfortunately large scale coral bleaching occurred around the Southeast Asia in 2010, this book was published as a special issue of bleaching in this region.
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Papers by Naneng Setiasih