Olga Memedovic

From clusters to cluster-based economic development

International Journal of Technological Learning, Innovation and Development, 2008

Over the last decades, changes in the global economy and the emergence of Global Value Chains (GV... more Over the last decades, changes in the global economy and the emergence of Global Value Chains (GVCs) have raised the interest in understanding the specific conditions and cross-company interactions within and across locations. For companies, the need to choose the right location for specific activities moved from an operational to a strategic issue. For countries, regions and cities, competition raised the stakes of understanding how to improve productivity and attract firms in specific fields beyond providing low factor costs and subsidies. Many countries, from natural-resource-rich, to transition economies, and to developed countries have launched competitiveness policies and cluster initiatives involving various stakeholders. The paper addresses how clusters can be leveraged for economic policy and what the role of different stakeholders in this process is. This paper summarises the cluster concept, focusing on the main theoretical framework and on recent empirical findings, and ...

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The global leather value chain: the industries, the main actors and prospects for upgrading in LDCs

International Journal of Technological Learning, Innovation and Development, 2008

The global leather value chain is complex system. It includes animal husbandry, industrial and as... more The global leather value chain is complex system. It includes animal husbandry, industrial and assembly processes and branded marketing, while semi-finished and finished products are sold and exported between companies and countries. One peculiarity of this value chain is its dependence on another value chain, animal production. In other words, its main input relies on animal production rates and the ability to collect and preserve the pelts. Essentially, the leather industry is built on meat production worldwide. Human skills, equipment and chemicals are needed for the production of top quality leather. In the footwear, leather garments and goods sector, additional attributes are required like high manufacturing skills, design know-how, computer-aided design systems, branding and marketing. Environmental policy instruments with respect to process standards, economic instruments and eco-labelling schemes received more attention in the recent past and although these measures are inte...

Global value chains in the agrifood sector

This paper has not been formally edited. The designations employed and the presentation of materi... more This paper has not been formally edited. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The opinions, figures and estimates set forth are the responsibility of the author and should not necessarily be considered as reflecting the views or carrying endorsement of UNIDO. The designations "developed" and "developing" economies are intended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgment about the stage reached by a particular country or area in the development process. Mention of firm names or commercial products does not imply endorsement by UNIDO. Material in this paper may be freely quoted but acknowledgement is requested with a copy of the publication containing the quotation or reprint.

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The Global Automotive Industry Value Chain: What Prospects for Upgrading by Developing Countries

International Trade, 2003

The paper opens by mapping the changes in the global auto industry in the 1990s, showing how the ... more The paper opens by mapping the changes in the global auto industry in the 1990s, showing how the rapid growth in sales and production between 1990 and 1997 came largely from the emerging markets rather than the Triad regions (North America, the European Union and Japan). However, for some of these markets the downturn that followed was substantial and prolonged. The emergence of regional production systems resulted in regional integration. This created opportunities for industrial upgrading in developing countries with links to one of the Triad regions, where a major part of production still takes place. The paper then describes how the relationship between assemblers and suppliers has changed. There is a growing preference for using the same suppliers in different locations (follow sourcing), which limits the possibilities for component supplying by local producers in developing countries. However, opportunities in second-tier sourcing, where a global reach is not required, do exis...

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Strategies for regional innovation systems : learning transfer and applications

United Nations Industrial Development Organization eBooks, 2003

This paper has not been formally edited. The views expressed therein, the designations employed a... more This paper has not been formally edited. The views expressed therein, the designations employed as well as the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expressions of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

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Strategii De Dezvoltare a Reţelei Asociaţiilor De Economii Şi Împrumut În Condiţiile Crizei Economice

требует проведения кластерного картирования территории с целью выявления имеющихся кластеров. Для... more требует проведения кластерного картирования территории с целью выявления имеющихся кластеров. Для обеспечения успешного функционирования кластеров, как правило, необходимо формирование самостоятельных структур, ответственных за реализацию кластерных инициатив. Еще одним важным направлением деятельности в рамках кластерных программ рассматривается установление тесного взаимодействия и сотрудничества среди участников кластера, а именно представителей бизнеса, научного сообщества, правительственных и некоммерческих организаций, посредством создания платформы для ведения диалога. Как показывает зарубежный опыт, подобная коперация позволяет выявлять факторы, препятствующие успешному развитию кластеров и на основе проведенного анализа разрабатывать стратегии кластерного развития. Кроме того, особое внимание при реализации кластерной политики уделяется созданию благоприятных условий бизнес-среды, стимулированию инновационной активности, разработке критериев эффективности кластерных програм...

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In cooperation with

This paper has not been formally edited. The designations employed and the presen-tation of mater... more This paper has not been formally edited. The designations employed and the presen-tation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion what-soever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The opinions, figures and estimates set forth are the responsibility of the author and should not nec-essarily be considered as reflecting the views or carrying endorsement of UNIDO. The designations “developed ” and “developing ” economies are intended for statistical con-venience and do not necessarily express a judgment about the stage reached by a par-ticular country or area in the development process. Mention of firm names or commercial products does not imply endorsement by UNIDO. Material in this paper may be freely quoted but acknowledgement is requested with a c...

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In cooperation with

has benefited from the valuable comments provided by Professor David Greenaway during the finaliz... more has benefited from the valuable comments provided by Professor David Greenaway during the finalization of this publication. UNIDO intern Robert Lambertus van Lavieren provided assistance during various stages of preparing this publication. The authors are grateful to Michael Bailey for proofreading the final document. Comments and suggestions on the issues raised in this paper may be addressed to:

Introduction and summary

The Role of the Social and Solidarity Economy in Reducing Social Exclusion

Studies. Research assistance was provided by Andreas Alfons, Michele Bernini, Stefan Eichwalder and

Industrial evelopment and the ynamics of nternational pecialization atterns

In cooperation with

This paper has not been formally edited. The designations employed and the presen-tation of mater... more This paper has not been formally edited. The designations employed and the presen-tation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion what-soever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The opinions, figures and estimates set forth are the responsibility of the author and should not nec-essarily be considered as reflecting the views or carrying endorsement of UNIDO. The designations “developed ” and “developing ” economies are intended for statistical con-venience and do not necessarily express a judgment about the stage reached by a par-ticular country or area in the development process. Mention of firm names or commercial products does not imply endorsement by UNIDO. Material in this paper may be freely quoted but acknowledgement is requested with a c...

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What Prospects for Upgrading by Developing Countries The case of South Africa

and other research outputs The global wood furniture value chain: what prospects for upgrading by... more

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Mapping global value chains: Intermediate goods trade and structural change in the world economy

assistance was provided by Oemer Aksoycan and Stefan Eichwalder, UNIDO staff members, and

Transition in Central and Eastern Europe

Decoding Organic Standard-Setting and Regulation in Europe (1991-2005)

This paper has not been formally edited. The designations employed and the presentation of materi... more This paper has not been formally edited. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The opinions, figures and estimates set forth are the responsibility of the author and should not necessarily be considered as reflecting the views or carrying endorsement of UNIDO. The designations "developed" and "developing" economies are intended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgment about the stage reached by a particular country or area in the development process. Mention of firm names or commercial products does not imply endorsement by UNIDO. Material in this paper may be freely quoted but acknowledgement is requested with a copy of the publication containing the quotation or reprint. This publication was prepared by the UNIDO Strategic Research and Economics Branch drawing on a background paper for the UNIDO Research Project "Global Value Chains and Production Networks: Prospects for Upgrading by Developing Countries", by Peter Gibbon, Danish Institute for International Studies in cooperation with Olga Memedovic, UNIDO staff member from the Strategic Research and Economics Branch.

format_quoteThe global organic food market was around $25 billion in 2003, with the EU and US each having sales of $10-11 billion, growing at 20% annually.format_quote

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WORKING PAPER 09/2008 Upgrading Strategies in Global Furniture Value Chains

This working paper has been prepared under the guidance of Olga Memedovic, UNIDO project manager

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