This paper describes and analyses the overall impact of fuel sulphur content on particulate oxida... more This paper describes and analyses the overall impact of fuel sulphur content on particulate oxidation catalyst (POC) performance, focusing mainly on particulates emission reduction and the ability to regenerate. Studies were carried out for diesel fuels containing different levels of sulphur, covering the range from 6 to 340 parts per million. The results presented in this paper give an outlook on specific issues and problems associated with POC application when running on fuels containing high sulphur level. The test methodology was experimentally established and then applied for POC catalysts to run on different sulphur level fuels. Each fuel was tested on an identical fresh POC sample. It was observed that the Fuel Sulphur Content (FSC) significantly affects catalyst conversion efficiency, as well as the particle size distribution. It also has a remarkable influence on particulate matter (PM) mass accumulation inside the POC and on the ability of the POC to regenerate passively. Regarding the latter aspect, NO 2 formation was also determined. Extended test results and analyses presented in this paper are presented in SAE technical paper 2012-01-0366 [1].
The main advantages of using direct injection in an SI engine, such as lower fuel consumption and... more The main advantages of using direct injection in an SI engine, such as lower fuel consumption and higher thermal efficiency, implicate a new problem concerning gasoline engines: the emission of particulate matter. The observed issue has been a significant direction of development of the contemporary DISI engine over the last decade. This paper contains an overview of the results of PN emission, which were obtained from experiments conducted at BOSMAL and from the literature. Current and future legal regulations regarding PN emissions were collated to the test results.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2019
EU legislation specifies that the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) be used for type approval tes... more EU legislation specifies that the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) be used for type approval testing of existing (not new) types of passenger cars, a test which generates official values for CO2 emissions and fuel consumption (which is calculated from CO2 emissions based on a carbon balance). A significant body of evidence shows that the type approval values obtained by manufacturers of light duty vehicles are lower than those which occur during real usage on the road. Longstanding objections that the current test cycle is unrepresentative and delivers unrealistic results has led to the development of a worldwide harmonized light-duty test cycle (WLTC), as part of wider changes in the overall test procedure (the worldwide harmonized light-duty test procedure-WLTP). This paper discusses both driving cycles and their characteristics with the aim of making the topic accessible to the non-specialist; later in the paper CO2 and fuel consumption results obtained by testing several European passenger cars over both cycles in an emissions testing laboratory are reported. The test vehicles were a good representation of passengers cars in use in EU countries such as Poland-they featured both spark ignition and compression ignition engines, met the Euro 5 standard and had appreciable accumulated mileages.
This paper presents a basic methodology and equipment setup used for an electric motor designed f... more This paper presents a basic methodology and equipment setup used for an electric motor designed for light-duty vehicles, testing on a hybrid engine test bench equipped with an active AC dynamometer. The methodology used during the test was based on the appropriate regulation (UN-ECE Regulation 85). An example of mechanical performance measurements is presented, as well as an overall layout of the measurement devices used for testing, including a scheme detailing all electrical connections between the equipment employed during the test. The paper takes into consideration the necessity of development and subsequent improvements of the methodology employed during testing of e-motors, which due to the highly changeable and competitive automotive environment, will undoubtedly have a gradually increasing share and significance in the automotive industry.
The stricter exhaust emission regulation which a new engine construction have to fulfil, causing ... more The stricter exhaust emission regulation which a new engine construction have to fulfil, causing continuous necessity development of research tools which make possible an analysis of engine operation at an angle of reduction exhaust emission. One of these research tools is the modal analysis method, which with success found application in exhaust emission tests on chassis dyno for testing complete cars and on engine test bed for testing engines as well. The modal analysis method has been used for the analysis of the emissions from passenger car with direct injection (Dr) diesel engine in the initial period of controlled engine operation following start-up. The tests were undertaken in "cold start" mode (temperature of cooling water and lube oil equal to ambient temperature). The paper subject is analysis of cold start emissions of cars powered by DI diesel engine. Exhaust emission tests results presented in the paper were carried out using the modal analysis method at Exha...
Global trends in emission regulation and reduction
A Study of Gaseous Emissions Measured Under Ambient Cold Start and Warm-Up Conditions
Due to more stringent exhaust emission limits in the new proposed Euro III/Euro IV regulations, a... more Due to more stringent exhaust emission limits in the new proposed Euro III/Euro IV regulations, and possible new standards covering sub zero tests in Europe, work to determine the cause of emissions and the development of new technologies for the reduction in CO and HC levels on engine start-up has become very important. Following changes in the European driving cycle and in comparison to US FTP 75 cycle, an analysis of the influence of SI (spark-ignition) engine cold start and warm-up phases is presented in the paper. The results of emission tests for CO, HC, and NOx, achieved during tests performed on a chassis dynamometer following current and future ECE procedures using the bag analysis method, are presented and discussed. In addition, the technologies aimed at reducing the emission levels of CO and HC after cold start are also presented.
Current and future trends in automotive emissions, fuels, lubricants and test methods - the view from the year 2012 : perspectives from the 3rd International Exhaust Emissions Symposium, 24-25 May 2012, Bielsko-Biala, Poland
Exhaust emissions from a diesel passenger car fuelled with oxygenated fuels
The challenges of the future light-duty vehicles and powertrains: energy sources, global warming, emissions and world-wide competition
COMBUSTION ENGINES, No. 4/2012 (151) 1. Wstęp W związku z wzrastającą liczbą ludności i stale zwi... more COMBUSTION ENGINES, No. 4/2012 (151) 1. Wstęp W związku z wzrastającą liczbą ludności i stale zwiększającym się zapotrzebowaniem na środki transportu, zanieczyszczenie powietrza szkodliwymi składnikami spalin silnikowych i konieczność obniżenia emisji gazów cieplarnianych stają się coraz większym problemem w skali światowej. Zwiększenie ilości wykorzystywanych paliw alternatywnych (biodiesel, mieszanki etanolu z benzyną, CNG
Development trends for sparkignition engines meet future european emissions regulations
Journal of KONES, 1999
Remarks About Exhaust Emission from Diesel Engine During Warm-Up
System zasilania paliwem gazowym i ciekłym w silniku o zapłonie samoczynnym jako alternatywa dla tradycyjnych systemów paliwowych
Combustion Engines, 2015
Trends in automotive emissions, fuels, lubricants, legislation and test methods – present and future : a brief overview from the perspective of the International Organising Committee
Analysis of the current and future catalyst technology for emissions control in spark-ignition automotive engines
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Papers by P. Bielaczyc