Peter Tisato

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Unlocking ‘city shaping’ potential through integrated transport and land use planning

Suggestions for an improved Davidson travel time function

Australian road research, Jun 1, 1991

Travel time functions (also known as speed/flow curves or congestion functions) form a central an... more Travel time functions (also known as speed/flow curves or congestion functions) form a central and key element of transport planning and policy analysis. This paper considers the performance of the functions incorporated in two widely used transportation planning packages, UTPS and Microtrips, and concludes that they have structural deficiencies which need to be overcome. The Davidson function, especially in the modified form suggested by Akcelik, is discussed as a superior alternative travel time function. We show that the modification given by Akcelik may have potential deficiencies, in particular that the slope of Akcelik's linear extension behaves poorly when the 'quality of service' parameter m approaches its upper limit of 1, and that the modified function is not time-dependent and thus static in nature. We identify an alternative linear extension derived from Akcelik's later and independent work, which avoids these potential deficiencies. Finally, we discuss the interpretation of the terms saturation flow and capacity in the context of the Davidson function and illustrate the capacity overestimation problem that can arise if all Davidson function parameters are estimated simultaneously.

Review of utps road network coding procedures

In recent years staff from both the highways department and the department of transport have gene... more In recent years staff from both the highways department and the department of transport have generally agreed that the road network information input into the travel demand estimation and projection process using the utps (urban transportation planning system) system has been of dubious quality and that this has led to somewhat unreliable outputs from the process. An example of this is the poor distribution of traffic volumes on links in some parts of the road network that are frequently output from traffic assignment runs. Numerous sources of problems have been postulated and identified including: a structurally deficient speed flow relationship; incorrect free speed and capacity figures; inadequate facility type and area type link descriptor categories; link length errors; inconsistent coding of number of lanes; incorrect zonal centroid loading; and lack of calibration of the networks developed. To overcome all of these problems effectively will require some coordinated research and development work to be done in the future on a continuing basis. In the short term, however, a new set of travel demand projections for metropolitan Adelaide are to be produced during 1987, and in order to improve the quality of those projections it was decided that some attempt should be made to improve the accuracy of the representation of the urban road network for use in those projections. Accordingly, the aim of this report is to establish and present a revised set of guidelines for coding the urban road network for use in the upcoming projections and any other short term work.

Recent developments in transport planning and project appraisal in Australia

In recent years, there has been considerable effort in Australia updating and further developing ... more In recent years, there has been considerable effort in Australia updating and further developing frameworks and tools for transport planning and project appraisal. This paper provides an overview of three recent key developments: The National Guidelines for Transport System Management (including project appraisal); the National Transport Data Framework; and the Austroads Guide to Project Evaluation. The first two developments occurred through working groups consisting of representatives from all transport jurisdictions across Australia, and reporting to the Australian Standing Committee on Transport. The third was produced by Austroads, a body representing the road authorities across Australia and New Zealand. Together, these frameworks and tools provide an opportunity for transport planning and project appraisal in Australia to move forward on a more holistic and collaborative basis. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E213488.

Travel time functions for Adelaide roads: discussion paper

ATRF 04: papers of the 27th Australasian Transport Research Forum, volume 27, Adelaide, 29 September-1 October 2004, Transport Systems Centre, University of South Australia

For the records of the relevant papers presented, please refer to ITRD abstract nos E211826 to E2... more

Review of Utps (Urban Transportation Planning System) Road Network Coding Procedures

A new set of travel demand projections for metrpolitan Adelaide are to be produced during 1987, a... more A new set of travel demand projections for metrpolitan Adelaide are to be produced during 1987, and in order to improve the quality of those projections it was decided that some attempt should be made to improve the accuracy of the representation of the urban road network for use in those projections. Accordingly, the aim of the report establishes and presents a revised set of guidelines for coding the urban road network. The revision was limited to considereation of coding of free speed, capacity, facility type and area type, and number of lanes.

Travel time functions for Adelaide roads: discussion paper

Local versus inter-regional travel: a comparison of two regions of Adelaide

Transport Research Forum, 2005

This paper considers an important aspect of travel behaviour and patterns in our cities. It consi... more This paper considers an important aspect of travel behaviour and patterns in our cities. It considers the extent to which travel within cities involves shorter distance local travel within a region, as opposed to longer distance travel between metropolitan regions. It therefore considers the relative spatial focus of travel behaviour. The key objectives of the paper are: to highlight the relative size of different market segments for travel by these residents; to highlight the significant size of intra region travel; and to consider some initial policy implications of these patterns. The paper also contrasts travel patterns expressed in terms of the number of trips made versus the resulting trip-kilometres. An argument is made for using both of these indicators, with each having a key role when addressing different policy objectives: social and environmental. Also considered are: mode share across the different trip types by both trip number and trip-kilometres; and some initial implications of the results for urban transport policy and planning. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E213716.

A Cost Benefit Analysis of Travel Blending

Travel blending is a recently developed technique aimed at reducing the impact of the car. Travel... more Travel blending is a recently developed technique aimed at reducing the impact of the car. Travel diaries are used to observe a household's travel patterns, with customised changes then suggested to the household which would reduce the impact of its car use. A number of travel blending trials in Adelaide, South Australia, over the past 3 years have shown very promising results. The Adelaide initiative has consisted of two trials of 100 and 329 households, and a further 900-household trial currently being undertaken in the Adelaide suburb of Dulwich. This paper reports the results of an economic cost benefit analysis of the travel blending initiative. Using the travel reduction results from the 329-household Adelaide trial, an analysis is undertaken of the 900-household Dulwich trial. The quantified benefits consist of travel time savings, vehicle operating cost reductions, accident savings, environmental benefits and network congestion reduction benefits. The cost analysis inclu...

Road cost recovery: a second order issue

Transport Research Forum, 1991

In recent times the national debate in the roads area has tended to concentrate on achieving appr... more In recent times the national debate in the roads area has tended to concentrate on achieving appropriate levels of cost recovery for particular classes of vehicles. This paper argues that such a focus has been at the expense of the more important issues of pricing and investment. Cost recovery is argued to be a second order issue in both an efficiency and funding sense. The combined effect of imperfect knowledge of road wear characteristics, taxation issues and the goal of efficient pricing including a congestion component make it difficult to determine particular vehicle charges in the absence of further research.

Wheelchair Accessible Taxis: The Adelaide Experience

Road & Transport Research, 1995

Benefit measurement and the benefit cost ratio

One of the tools for appraisal of initiatives is economic evaluation. This involves the use of nu... more One of the tools for appraisal of initiatives is economic evaluation. This involves the use of numerous technical elements, many of which are complex and sometimes confusing. This paper addresses two of them. The first issue is that the method for calculating the benefits of an initiative can be articulated in a number of different ways. The paper discusses five ways of describing the benefits of an initiative, and demonstrates that they all result in the same benefit. The consequence is a need for analysts to select the method that is appropriate for their application and to be clear and systematic in their use of it. The second is the general use in Australia of the benefit-cost ratio as the premier, and generally sole, indicator of the result of an economic evaluation of an initiative. As it is a ratio, the definition of changes associated with an initiative as a cost or a benefit will alter the benefit-cost ratio even though the underlying features of the initiative and its coun...

Impact of a Cost Minimisation User Cost Model on Public Transport Subsidy

We show that optimal public transport subsidy is sensitive to the use of alternative user cost mo... more We show that optimal public transport subsidy is sensitive to the use of alternative user cost models, and that a model based on cost minimisation principles may lead to an improvement in subsidy estimates. For the case of homogeneous consumers and non-peaked demand, the cost minimisation user cost model yields optimal subsidy estimates which differ by up to 55% from those generated by existing'models. Multiple optimal subsidy equilibria may also exist arising from a kink in the user cost schedule at a critical frequency and a resulting discontinuity in the marginal benefit of frequency enhancement schedule

User Costs in Public Transport: A Cost Minimisation Approach

Rivista Internazionale de Economia dei Trasporti, 1991

The aim of this paper is to outline a new frequency related user cost model for use, for example,... more The aim of this paper is to outline a new frequency related user cost model for use, for example, in the analysis of public transport subsidy. The need for such a model is predicated on a perception that existing models have a number of deficiencies. In particular, existing models lack a sound theoretical economic foundation, rarely take account of the frequency delay (or inconvenience) cost of service scheduling, do not recognise the important role played by service unreliability in determining user cost and fail to explain the empirically observed switching between random and planned behaviour by passengers. The model proposed here overcomes these deficiencies. In the new model, the consumer chooses between random and planned behaviour with the objective of minimising user costs (or, equivalently, user disutility). Under random behaviour the consumer has imperfect information with respect to service departure times. He may, however, switch to planned behaviour by acquiring detaile...

Measuring wider economic benefits of the Glenelg tram extension

The Glenelg Tram Extension in the City of Adelaide was constructed and commenced operation in 200... more The Glenelg Tram Extension in the City of Adelaide was constructed and commenced operation in 2008. The extension eliminated the need to transfer to a bus to connect to the Adelaide Railway Station and to the City West precinct within the City. This extension coupled with improved capacity and frequency of tram services and a free lTerrace to Terracer tram service has improved accessibility to the core of the City. The tram extension was highly successful in transport terms, with patronage rising during the peak hours to and from Glenelg by 40%. Patronage rose by 70% within the City compared to when the tram service terminated at Victoria Square and transferred to the free Bee Line bus connecting Victoria Square and City West. The Glenelg Tram service now carries in excess of 20,000 trips per day. A post-hoc analysis of evidence for wider economic benefits (WEBs) from the project was undertaken. Data on property values and employment was obtained at city block level from before the ...

Pollution Control: A Pedagogic Note

Local vs Inter-Regional Travel : A Comparison of Two Regions of Adelaide Local vs Inter-Regional Travel : A Comparison of Two Regions of Adelaide

This is a key issue, for it directly influences a range of urban issues: for example, the role of... more This is a key issue, for it directly influences a range of urban issues: for example, the role of local and district level facilities; the type and spatial nature of transport services; and the level of emissions from transport, to name just three. Consideration of the issue also forms part of gaining a good understanding of urban travel demand to inform transport policy and planning more generally.

Wheelchair Accessibility Taxis: The Adelaide Experience

Road & Transport Research, 1996

The provision of wheelchair accessible taxi services in Adelaide by the major service provider Ac... more

Paper title: Development of a national appraisal methodology for transport proposals

words): In 2002, the Australian Government announced its intention to embark on a new approach to... more words): In 2002, the Australian Government announced its intention to embark on a new approach to planning, developing and managing Australia's national land transport infrastructure. The new initiative, AusLink, provided the impetus to develop a holistic multi-modal transport system management framework, including a methodology for appraising transport proposals. Following release of the AusLink Green Paper, a project appraisal methodology was developed for AusLink. The Standing Committee on Transport then endorsed the further development of a project appraisal methodology and guidelines that met the needs of all Australian jurisdictions. This was undertaken via two working groups comprised representatives across all three levels of Government in Australia: Federal, State/Territory and Local. This paper discusses the deliberations of those two working groups to date, including a transport system management framework, an assessment methodology, and a national transport data fram...

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