Purnima Rao

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Papers by Purnima Rao

The effect of simulator fidelity on acquiring non-technical skills: a randomized non-inferiority trial

Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d'anesthésie, 2017

Introduction As simulator fidelity (i.e., realism) increases from low to high, the simulator more... more Introduction As simulator fidelity (i.e., realism) increases from low to high, the simulator more closely resembles the real environment, but it also becomes more expensive. It is generally assumed that the use of high-fidelity simulators results in better learning; however, the effect of fidelity on learning non-technical skills (NTS) is unknown. This was a non-inferiority trial comparing the efficacy of high-vs lowfidelity simulators on learning NTS. Methods Thirty-six postgraduate medical trainees were recruited for the trial. During the pre-test phase, the trainees were randomly assigned to manage a scenario using either a high-fidelity simulator (HFS) or a lowfidelity simulator (LFS), followed by expert debriefing. All trainees then underwent a video recorded post-test scenario on a HFS, and the NTS were assessed between the two groups. The primary outcome was the overall posttest Ottawa Global Rating Scale (OGRS), while controlling for overall pre-test OGRS scores. Non-inferiority between the LFS and HFS was based on a non-inferiority margin of greater than 1. Results For our primary outcome, the mean (SD) post-test overall OGRS score was not significantly different between the HFS and LFS groups after controlling for pre-test overall OGRS scores [3.8 (0.9) vs 4.0 (0.9), respectively; mean difference, 0.2; 95% confidence interval,-0.4 to 0.8; P = 0.48]. For our secondary outcomes, the post-test total OGRS score was not significantly different between the HFS and LFS groups after controlling for pre-test total OGRS scores (P = 0.33). There were significant improvements in mean overall (P = 0.01) and total (P = 0.003) OGRS scores from pre-test to post-test. There were no significant associations between postgraduate year (P = 0.82) and specialty (P = 0.67) on overall OGRS performance. Conclusion This study suggests that low-fidelity simulators are non-inferior to the more costly highfidelity simulators for teaching NTS to postgraduate medical trainees.

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The ecosystem of research tools for scholarly communication

Library Hi Tech

PurposeNumerous research tools exist but their usage among researchers across the different phase... more PurposeNumerous research tools exist but their usage among researchers across the different phases of the research cycle of scholarly communication remains unknown. This research aims to address this knowledge gap by mapping the research tools frequently used by global researchers against the various phases of the research cycle of scholarly communication.Design/methodology/approachThis research adopts a descriptive research design and conducts a cross-tabulation of secondary data consisting of 20,663 useable responses in a global survey of research tools for scholarly communication. This research also administered a survey to academic experts to classify the research tools according to traditional, modern, innovative and experimental categories.FindingsThis research reveals the six phases of the research cycle (i.e. discovery, analysis, writing, publication, outreach and assessment) and the research tools of scholarly communication frequently used by researchers worldwide in each p...

Do green bonds offer a diversification opportunity during COVID-19?—an empirical evidence from energy, crypto, and carbon markets

Environmental Science and Pollution Research

The present study is a novel attempt to unravel the connectedness of the green bond with energy, ... more The present study is a novel attempt to unravel the connectedness of the green bond with energy, crypto, and carbon markets using the S&P green bond index (RSPGB). We consider MAC global solar energy index (RMGS) and ISE global wind energy index (RIGW) as proxies of the energy market and use bitcoin and the European energy exchange carbon index (REEX) for the cryptocurrency and carbon market. Employing the Diebold and Yilmaz (2012), Baruník and Krehlík (2018), and wavelet coherence econometric techniques, we find that the energy market (RMGS) has the highest connectedness derived from other asset classes, and bitcoin (RBTC) has the least connectedness. Concurrently, we find that the risk transmission is heterogeneous in different scales as the short period has less connectedness than the medium and long run. We conclude that the overall diversification opportunity among green bonds, energy stock, bitcoin, and the carbon market is more in the short-run than in the medium and long-run...

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A conceptual framework for identifying sustainable business practices of small and medium enterprises

Benchmarking: An International Journal

PurposeThe purpose of the current paper is to identify the factors responsible for achieving busi... more PurposeThe purpose of the current paper is to identify the factors responsible for achieving business sustainability. This paper further attempts to develop a conceptual framework that can help SMEs to achieve viable business growth through improved sustainable performance.Design/methodology/approachThe study follows a methodical examination of literature published on SMEs during COVID-19. Specifically, the combination of keywords has primarily centred on SMEs, Business Practices, COVID-19 and Pandemic. The 155 research papers identified for the analysis have been classified as per geographical spread, type of papers, central theme, and theoretical foundations, which finally is followed by rigourous thematic analysis.FindingsThis research contributes to the SME literature by providing methodological, conceptual and practical rigour. The framework proposed by the research covers all the relevant areas which can be useful in preparing sustainable business trajectory for SMEs. It outli...

Emotions and stock market anomalies: A systematic review

Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance

Financing Preferences and Determinants of Capital Structure-A Study of Small and Medium Enterprises

A systematic literature review on SME financing: Trends and future directions

Journal of Small Business Management, 2021

Financial distress and COVID-19: evidence from working individuals in India

Qualitative Research in Financial Markets, 2021

Purpose This study aims to explore the impact of the containment measures during COVID-19 on indi... more Purpose This study aims to explore the impact of the containment measures during COVID-19 on individuals’ finances, financial resilience during such distress and identifying the most financially vulnerable among them. Tracing such impact during the pandemic has been challenging due to a lack of representative data. This paper addresses this gap in the present study. Design/methodology/approach A survey has been conducted using a structured questionnaire containing various items that portray the impact on income, spending, saving, investment, borrowing, insurance and retirement. The sample consists of 699 respondents and purposive and snowball sampling has been used for data collection. The results are presented and analyzed using infographics and frequency distributions. This study conducts an analysis of variance and Chi-square tests for significance. Findings This paper finds a fall in income and limited ability to cope with the current economic conditions. The survey highlights i...

Vulnerability of financial markets in India: The contagious effect of COVID-19

Research in International Business and Finance, 2021

Abstract This study aims to examine the impact of COVID-19 on financial markets, using emerging m... more Abstract This study aims to examine the impact of COVID-19 on financial markets, using emerging market data. Specifically, panel data regression is applied on 3200 observations for daily market returns during lockdown in India. The event study methodology is adopted to show abnormal returns registered in the lockdown period. A contrasting breakdown effect of COVID-19 on various Indian industries has been observed through sectoral analysis. The study also provides empirical evidence for lockdown measures taken by the government on stock market returns and post lockdown impact of COVID-19 on daily market returns for over 6550 observations.

Challenges are thrown in Corporate Governance during COVID 19

Academia Letters, 2021

Businesses are the main drivers of any economy and impact all the economic actors explicitly or i... more Businesses are the main drivers of any economy and impact all the economic actors explicitly or implicitly. According to Gupta (2010) accountability, transparency, fairness, and responsibility of firms on legal social, and economic grounds are crucial for the wellbeing of every entity of a nation. This is being safeguarded by corporate governance. Corporate Governance helps in achieving organizational goals, control risk, and assure compliance. It helps in establishing formal communication between the stakeholders of the firm and thereby indicates the efficiency and effectiveness of the firm’s management. However, the last 20 years of this century have witnessed several scams and collapses of business houses and COVID-19 has also escalated it. It necessitates the importance and significance of a sound and transparent corporate governance among the organizations. This article highlights the challenges thrown by COVID-19 during the last two years on corporate governance. It stressed the lacunas and gaps in the working of the Board, remuneration the committee, the effectiveness of risk management, and limitation of the risk management framework and also pointed out that corporate governance is highly skewed towards the the interest of shareholders and ignores other stakeholders such as employees, taxpayers when Government bailout companies, liquidity challenges, etc.

A study on factors driving the capital structure decisions of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in India

IIMB Management Review, 2018

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Financing preferences and practices of Indian SMEs

Global Finance Journal, 2017

Using survey data from 309 small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) from the northwest region of... more Using survey data from 309 small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) from the northwest region of India, this study examines the financing preferences and practices of these SMEs. It also investigates the differences in the financing preferences across firm and owner/manager characteristics and documents the drivers of financing practices in India. Respondents prefer internal funds followed by bank financing mainly in the form of long-term loans and funds from government and financial institutions. Among informal sources, SMEs prefer trade credit followed by funds

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Reflection of owner’s attributes in financing decisions of SMEs

Small Enterprise Research, 2018

The purpose of the study is to examine the influence of demand side factors on the financing pref... more The purpose of the study is to examine the influence of demand side factors on the financing preferences of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Demand side factors include SME owner/ manager's business goal, attitude towards risk and control over business, networking ties and their personal attributes. The study uses a structured questionnaire designed with the help of previous studies. A total of 309 valid responses are analysed to accomplish the research objectives. The study uses various statistical techniques namely k-means cluster analysis, exploratory factor analysis and hierarchical regression. The study uses a segmentation approach and classifies the respondents into three categoriesrisk avoiders, growth seekers and steady players. Furthermore, the results reveal the importance of personal attributes and networking ties of SME owner/manager with banks and suppliers. The study contributes to the extant literature of SME financing and highlights the influence of demand side factors on financing preferences of SMEs. The study also provides a new and rational angle of examining the financing preferences of SMEs. It highlights the need for awareness amongst SME owner/ manager towards their behaviour and its impact on the financing decisions of firms.

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Research on capital structure determinants: a review and future directions

International Journal of Managerial Finance, 2017

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the status of studies on capital structure determin... more Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the status of studies on capital structure determinants in the past 40 years. This paper highlights the major gaps in the literature on determinants of capital structure and also aims to raise specific questions for future research. Design/methodology/approach The prominence of research is assessed by studying the year of publication and region, level of economic development, firm size, data collection methods, data analysis techniques and theoretical models of capital structure from the selected papers. The review is based on 167 papers published from 1972 to 2013 in various peer-reviewed journals. The relationship of determinants of capital structure is analyzed with the help of meta-analysis. Findings Major findings show an increase of interest in research on determinants of capital structure of the firms located in emerging markets. However, it is observed that these regions are still under-examined which provides more scope for rese...

What constitutes financing gap in Indian SMEs – owners’ perspective?

Qualitative Research in Financial Markets, 2017

PurposeThis exploratory study aims to investigate the financing issues faced by Indian small and ... more PurposeThis exploratory study aims to investigate the financing issues faced by Indian small and medium enterprise (SME) owners. It also classifies the financing constraints into four financing gaps, namely, demand, knowledge, supply and benevolence. Design/methodology/approachThe study uses the convergent interviewing technique to highlight the key issues being faced by SME owners in financing. Forty-four owners from different industries and having dispersed demographics have been interviewed in the study. FindingsThe findings reveal the real-time issues being faced by SME owners. SMEs faced both demand- and supply-side constraints. The most common financing challenges are high cost of credit, complex procedures of lending institutions, information asymmetry, creditworthiness and self-abstaining from external financial resources. Issues pertaining to lack of knowledge and awareness about the financial products and services are also being noticed by the researchers. Research limitat...