Papers by Robert Schwarzer
Phasenanalyse
Vieweg+Teubner eBooks, 2009
ABSTRACT Im Kapitel 5 wurde aufgezeigt, wie das Beugungsdiagramm oder Diffraktogramm einer polykr... more ABSTRACT Im Kapitel 5 wurde aufgezeigt, wie das Beugungsdiagramm oder Diffraktogramm einer polykristallinen Probe zustande kommt. Das Diffraktogramm einer untersuchten Probe sollte als erstes qualitativ ausgewertet werden. Bei dieser Auswertung soll festgestellt werden, welche kristallinen Phasen dem Diffraktogramm zugeordnet werden können. Man spricht dabei von der qualitativen Phasenanalyse.
Kristallstrukturanalyse
Vieweg+Teubner eBooks, 2009
Die Aufgabe der Kristallstrukturanalyse besteht in der Bestimmung der Atomlagen in der Elementarz... more Die Aufgabe der Kristallstrukturanalyse besteht in der Bestimmung der Atomlagen in der Elementarzelle. In der Regel erfolgt dies aus den über Beugungsexperimenten (Elektronen-, Neutronen- oder Röntgenbeugung) bestimmten Strukturfaktoren. Die Bestimmung der Strukturfaktoren kann sowohl über die Auswertung der Intensität von Einkristallbeugungsaufnahmen als auch der Intensität von Pulverbeugungsdiagrammen erfolgen. Die Atomkoordinaten können leider nicht direkt aus den Strukturfaktoren ermittelt werden, da
Spezielle Verfahren
Springer eBooks, 2019
Hardware für die Röntgenbeugung
Springer eBooks, 2019
ABSTRACT Die folgenden Hauptkomponenten werden für Experimente mit der Röntgenbeugung benötigt: •... more ABSTRACT Die folgenden Hauptkomponenten werden für Experimente mit der Röntgenbeugung benötigt: • Strahlerzeuger • Monochromatoren, Strahloptiken, Strahlformer • Strahldetektoren • Goniometer, Probenhalter • Komponenten zur Nachbildung von Umwelteinflüssen (Temperatur, Druck, Luftfeuchte, Umweltsimulation)
Untersuchungen an dünnen Schichten
Springer eBooks, 2019
Inhomogeneity of deformation induced by the change of deformation path in channel-die compressed (112)[111] copper single crystals
Inżynieria Materiałowa, 2004
Texture et anisotropie des matériaux polycristallins - Cartographie par diffraction de Kikuchi
Advances in the Analysis of Texture and Microstructure
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials, 2005
Textural and structural effects of the change of deformation path in copper single crystals in a channel-die test
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials, 2004
Automated Measurement of Single Grain Orientations in the TEM / Automatisierte Messung von Einzelorientierungen im TEM
International Journal of Materials Research, Aug 1, 1994
The on-line measurement of single grain orientations by the interpretation of transmission Kikuch... more The on-line measurement of single grain orientations by the interpretation of transmission Kikuchi diffraction patterns (TKP) in the TEM is now a well-established method. Nevertheless it is time consuming and requires trained personnel. An automated technique for the interpretation of TKP has been developed. A comparison is made with similar methods for the interpretation of backscatter Kikuchi patterns (BKP) in the SEM. The pattern is recorded with a CCD camera and transferred to a computer. Kikuchi lines are detected using digital image processing. The algorithm used for the interpretation of BKP has to be modified for TKP
Automated Crystal Orientation Mapping (ACOM) of Thin Metallization Layers and Interconnects
MRS Proceedings, 1997
ABSTRACTA system for acquisition and interpretation of Kikuchi patterns with computer-controlled ... more ABSTRACTA system for acquisition and interpretation of Kikuchi patterns with computer-controlled electron microscopes is presented. It enables interactive as well as fully automated determination of individual grain orientations. Special features for automated crystal orientation mapping (ACOM) with the scanning electron microscope (SEM) are digital beam scan, autocalibration and dynamic focus controlled by the computer. With the present setup about three orientations per second can be measured unattendedly. In the transmission electron microscope (TEM) the on-line determination of Burgers vectors and identification of deformation systems are based on crystal orientation measurement. The characterization of dislocations is facilitated by the simulation of diffraction patterns on the computer as a function of specimen tilt.Crystal orientation maps are obtained by assigning to the raster points in the image a color specific for the grain orientation, the misorientation or character of the grain boundary. The dala set of grain orientations is used to calculate the Schmid factors grain by grain, the orientation distribution function (ODF) and the correlated as well as the uncorrelated misorientation distribution functions (MODF) which characterize crystallographic texture in a statistical sense.Applications of individual grain orientation measurement are:. Thermomechanical hillocks in aluminum metallization layers on silicon substrates. Stress-induced grain growth in aluminum metallization layers on silicon substrates. Electromigration voids and hillocks in aluminum interconnectsA working hypothesis for electromigration failure, based on experimental findings, is discussed
Beugung von Röntgenstrahlung
Springer eBooks, 2019
Zellparameterbestimmung
Springer eBooks, 2019
Mathematische Beschreibung von Röntgenbeugungsdiagrammen
Springer eBooks, 2019
ABSTRACT Seit der Durchführung der ersten Beugungsexperimente zeigte sich, dass das Aussehen der ... more ABSTRACT Seit der Durchführung der ersten Beugungsexperimente zeigte sich, dass das Aussehen der einzelnen Beugungsinterferenzen, also die Intensitätsverteilung der lokalen Beugungspeaks in Form, Profil und Intensität unterschiedlich sind. Man spricht vom Linienprofil der Beugungsinterferenz. Sehr früh erkannte man, dass das Linienprofil durch die Größe und Form der kohärent streuenden Bereiche (»Korngröße«), Mikroeigenspannungen und Gitterdefekte (Versetzungen, Stapelfehler usw.) beeinflusst wird. Somit bildet die Röntgenprofilanalyse (Linienprofilanalyse von Röntgenbeugungsdiagrammen) ein wichtiges Werkzeug der Materialwissenschaftler, Festkörperphysiker und -chemiker.
Considerations for Multi-Phase and Low-Symmetry Com Analyses
Microscopy and Microanalysis, Aug 1, 2001
EBSD analyses are routine for understanding and quantifying the orientations of materials. Analys... more EBSD analyses are routine for understanding and quantifying the orientations of materials. Analyses of single-phase cubic materials are by far the most prevalent reported in the literature. However, the understanding of the orientations of multi-phase materials are just as important from a technological standpoint. The analysis of non-cubic and non-hep materials is also of interest to investigators. However, analyses of these materials provide some unique challenges for accurate and precise orientation and phase determination compared to cubic materials. The ORKID analysis system was designed from the beginning to address these materials and analysis concerns.Single-phase materials, especially with cubic symmetry, do not require any special treatment for indexing of diffraction patterns. Because only one crystal system is under investigation, the algorithm for matching the measured bands and the expected bands can have some relaxation in error limits. Furthermore, d-spacing measurements of the bands are not strictly required because the bands angles are sufficiently unique.
Röntgenographische Spannungsanalyse
Springer eBooks, 2019
Röntgenographische Texturanalyse
Springer eBooks, 2019
Evolution of texture during thermomechanical processing of titanium and its alloys
Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals, Oct 1, 2008
The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive and coordinated review of the evolution... more The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive and coordinated review of the evolution of texture during thermomechanical processing of titanium and its alloys. In general, the evolution of texture depends on several factors such as deformation temperature, mode of deformation (rolling, forging and extrusion), initial texture and microstructure, degree and rate of deformation and alloying elements. Phase transformation textures and associated variant selection mechanisms as function of initial texture and heat treatment have also been discussed. The chronological developments of texture modelling and deformation mechanisms in these alloys are presented.
Gitterkonstantenbestimmung
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Papers by Robert Schwarzer