Sandeep Patil

The dynamics of brand equity, co-branding and sponsorship in professional sports

International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing, 2010

Globalisation has been one of the most significant determinants of growth in the sports industry ... more

Portless SRAM—A High-Performance Alternative to the 6T Methodology

IEEE Journal of Solid-state Circuits, 2007

A novel memory cell, termed "portless" SRAM, is presented as a direct alternative to the standard... more A novel memory cell, termed "portless" SRAM, is presented as a direct alternative to the standard 6T design. The new cell consists of only five transistors and does not make use of any pass-transistor ports. A complete theoretical and functional analysis is presented along with a design methodology for implementing the new memory cell. In addition, simulations are presented on the cell level and on the cache level exhibiting comparative improvements on the order of 19 and 6 in dynamic power and leakage power respectively. This is augmented by a 20% improvement in static noise margin for a comparable cell area. A test chip was fabricated, and measured results are presented demonstrating functionality of the new cell.

format_quoteThe paper reports a complete functional and theoretical analysis of the portless SRAM, emphasizing its advantages in various operational aspects.format_quote

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A Self-Biased Charge-Transfer Sense Amplifier

A Self-Biased Charge-Transfer Sense Amplifier (SB-CTSA) is proposed for applications in high perf... more A Self-Biased Charge-Transfer Sense Amplifier (SB-CTSA) is proposed for applications in high performance static memory. The new design incorporates an internal biasing mechanism along with a static output latch that can store the result from a read cycle indefinitely at no additional cost in power. It exhibits 23% faster sensing delay and a 37% reduction in read energy when compared to a recently proposed CTSA structure. In addition, the SB-CTSA design exhibits low sensitivity to both input capacitance and input capacitance mismatch.

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Portless SRAM—A High-Performance Alternative to the 6T Methodology

IEEE Journal of Solid-state Circuits, 2007

A novel memory cell, termed "portless" SRAM, is presented as a direct alternative to the standard... more A novel memory cell, termed "portless" SRAM, is presented as a direct alternative to the standard 6T design. The new cell consists of only five transistors and does not make use of any pass-transistor ports. A complete theoretical and functional analysis is presented along with a design methodology for implementing the new memory cell. In addition, simulations are presented on the cell level and on the cache level exhibiting comparative improvements on the order of 19 and 6 in dynamic power and leakage power respectively. This is augmented by a 20% improvement in static noise margin for a comparable cell area. A test chip was fabricated, and measured results are presented demonstrating functionality of the new cell.

$Fig. 6. Equivalent forward gain model of the portless cell. where y is the gmo/Gm ratio, by equating the currents from G1, Ss to Dy, Ds and from tions can be made for the gm, D,, Ds to S1, Gs, Bs. Substitu- and F,, terms to obtain the for- ward gain in terms of MOSFET parameters as in (4), shown at the bottom of the page, w gate overdrive voltages for trai here the V,,, terms represent the nsistor M,,, the & terms represent the process transconductance parameters, and the \ terms repre- sent the channel length modu ation parameters. The gate over- drives can be written in terms of V;, the MOSFET threshold voltage, and the cell node voltages as Vj; = /C' — Vin, Vgo = Vad = /C = Vip, and Vos = Vaa — /C — Vin. The feedback gain component can be modeled as a basic common-source am- plifier, and its open-circuit gain written as$

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A Self-Biased Charge-Transfer Sense Amplifier

A Self-Biased Charge-Transfer Sense Amplifier (SB-CTSA) is proposed for applications in high perf... more A Self-Biased Charge-Transfer Sense Amplifier (SB-CTSA) is proposed for applications in high performance static memory. The new design incorporates an internal biasing mechanism along with a static output latch that can store the result from a read cycle indefinitely at no additional cost in power. It exhibits 23% faster sensing delay and a 37% reduction in read energy when compared to a recently proposed CTSA structure. In addition, the SB-CTSA design exhibits low sensitivity to both input capacitance and input capacitance mismatch.

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Protein, not adenosine or adenine nucleotides, mediates platelet decrease in endothelial permeability

Platelets and platelet-conditioned medium (PCM) decrease endothelial protein permeability in vitr... more Platelets and platelet-conditioned medium (PCM) decrease endothelial protein permeability in vitro. Adenosine and a &gt; 100-kDa protein have previously been implicated as the soluble factors released from platelets that decrease endothelial permeability. The objective of this study was to further investigate the role of adenosine in this platelet response. Measurements of adenosine and its precursor adenine nucleotides by high-performance liquid chromatography were correlated with the assessment of permeability by 125I-labeled albumin clearance and electrical resistance across endothelial cell monolayers derived from the bovine pulmonary artery. PCM contained micromolar concentrations of AMP, ADP, and ATP, but adenosine was below detectable levels (&lt; or = 0.1 microM). Adenosine deaminase, an enzyme that converts adenosine to inactive inosine, or an adenosine-receptor antagonist did not block the platelet- or PCM-mediated decrease in endothelial permeability. A &lt; 3-kDa fraction of PCM that contained micromolar concentrations of AMP and ADP did not affect endothelial permeability, whereas a &gt; 3-kDa fraction that contained much reduced levels of AMP and ADP significantly decreased permeability. This activity of PCM was sensitive to insoluble trypsin. This study rules out adenosine and adenine nucleotides as primary factors in the platelet-induced decrease in endothelial permeability and suggests that the active factor is a protein.

Platelet lipid(s) bound to albumin increases endothelial electrical resistance: mimicked by LPA

The objectives were to determine whether the permeability-decreasing activity of platelet-conditi... more The objectives were to determine whether the permeability-decreasing activity of platelet-conditioned medium (PCM) is associated with a lipid bound to albumin and whether lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is present in the PCM. A decrease in permeability was assessed by an increase in electrical resistance across endothelial cell monolayers derived from bovine pulmonary arteries and microvessels. The Sephacryl S-200 fraction of PCM that contained albumin, the albumin immunoprecipitate from the PCM, and the methanol extract from the albumin immunoprecipitate all increased endothelial electrical resistance. Increased electrical resistance induced by PCM was not abolished by boiling and was mimicked by 1-oleoyl-LPA and 1-palmitoyl-LPA. Analysis of a methanol-chloroform extract of one sample of PCM by electrospray mass spectrometry revealed many fatty acids, ceramide, diacylglycerol, phosphatidic acid, and palmitoyl-LPA, but analysis of a second sample of PCM and the methanol extract of its albumin immunoprecipitate revealed no LPA, only lipids. These findings indicate that a bioactive lipid(s), possibly LPA, released from platelets and subsequently bound to albumin forms an active complex that decreases endothelial permeability.

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Papers by Sandeep Patil

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