A converging literature has revealed the existence of a set of largely consistent, hierarchically... more A converging literature has revealed the existence of a set of largely consistent, hierarchically organized personality traits, that is broader traits are able to be differentiated into more fine-grained traits, in both humans and chimpanzees. Despite recent work suggesting a neural basis to personality in chimpanzees, little is known with regard to the involvement of limbic structures (i.e., amygdala and hippocampus), which are thought to play important roles in emotion. Using saved maximum likelihood estimated exploratory factor scores (two to five factors) in the context of a series of path analyses, the current study examined associations among personality dimensions across various levels of the personality hierarchy and individual variability of amygdala and hippocampal grey matter (GM) volume in a sample of captive chimpanzees (N=191). Whereas results revealed no association between personality dimensions and amygdala volume, a more nuanced series of associations emerged betwe...
Studies of causal understanding of tool relationships in captive chimpanzees have yielded dispara... more Studies of causal understanding of tool relationships in captive chimpanzees have yielded disparate findings, particularly those reported by Povinelli & colleagues (2000) for tool tasks by laboratory chimpanzees. The present set of experiments tested nine enculturated chimpanzees on three versions of a support task, as described by Povinelli (2000), during which food rewards were presented in different experimental configurations. In Experiment 1, stimulus pairs included a choice between a cloth with a reward on the upper right corner or with a second reward off the cloth, adjacent to a corner, with the second pair comprised of a cloth with food on the upper right corner, and a second cloth with the reward on the substrate, partially covered. All subjects were successful with both test conditions in Experiment 1. In a second study, the experimental choices included one of two possible correct options, paired with one of three incorrect options, with the three incorrect choices all involving varying degrees of perceptual containment. All nine chimpanzees scored significantly above chance across all six conditions. In Experiment 3, four unique conditions were presented, combining one of two possible correct choices with one of two incorrect choices. Six of the subjects scored significantly above chance across the four conditions, and group performance on individual conditions was also significant. Superior performance was demonstrated by female subjects in Experiment 3, similar to sex differences in tool use previously reported for wild chimpanzees and some tool tasks in captive chimpanzees. The present results for Experiments 2 & 3 were significantly differed from those reported by Povinelli et al. (2000) for laboratory-born, peer-reared chimpanzees. One contribution towards the dramatic differences between the two study populations may be the significant rearing and housing differences of the chimpanzee groups. One explanation is that under conditions of enculturation, rich social interactions with humans and conspecifics, as well as active exploration of artifacts, materials, and other aspects of their physical environment had a significant impact on the animals' ability to recognize the support relationships among the stimulus choices. Overall, the present findings provide strong support for the hypothesis that our chimpanzee subjects based their responses on an understanding of functional support which represented one facet of their folk physics repertoire [Current Zoology 57 (4): 429-440, 2011].
Modality preference and its change in the course of development
The current study examines the modality preference and its change in the course of development. B... more The current study examines the modality preference and its change in the course of development. Based on findings from previous research (Balaban & Waxman, 1997; Roberts, 1995; Sloutsky & Lo, 1999), it was expected that the auditory modality would be privileged at a very young age. In the experiment, participants after being trained to select a target image and sound
COGNITIVE SCIENCE: An Eastern View of Apes and Monkeys
Science, 2002
Do apes use language?
American Scientist, 1970
ABSTRACT
Book Review:Teaching Sign Language to Chimpanzees. R. Allen Gardner, Beatrix T. Gardner, Thomas E. Van Cantfort
Quart Rev Biol, 1990
Pongid pedagogy: The contribution of human–chimpanzee interactions to the study of ape cognition
Pretending and imagination in animals and children: Representational capacities for pretense with scale models and photographs in chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes )
Sensitivity to Quantity: What Counts across Species?
The Complex Mind, 2012
Cardiac indices of cognition in infants, children, and chimpanzees
ABSTRACT Presents an overview of an approach to cognitive evaluation which capitalizes on intrins... more ABSTRACT Presents an overview of an approach to cognitive evaluation which capitalizes on intrinsic physiological responses that do not depend on the somatic repertoire, verbal skills, or active cooperation of the S. This approach is conducive to the study of the ontogeny of cognitive processes and to investigations of the phylogenetic and comparative aspects of cognition. Some features of cardiac responses relevant to behavioral studies are outlined. Data on perceptual development in chimpanzees and learning in decerebrate infants illustrate the contributions that cardiac measures offer for studies of infancy, especially when behavioral approaches may be precluded by developmental limitations, neurological tragedies, or other pragmatic restrictions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Chimpanzees and protolanguage
Potentiels �voqu�s visuels chez les singes anthrop�ides
Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology Evoked Potentials Section, 1985
Cardiac reflections of attention and preparatory set in a chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)
Psychobiology, Feb 28, 1987
ABSTRACT Evaluated tonic and phasic measures of heart rate (HR) during vigilance performance in a... more ABSTRACT Evaluated tonic and phasic measures of heart rate (HR) during vigilance performance in a chimpanzee. Patterns of cardiac activity were correlated with critical dimensions of performance and were comparable to those of humans. Baseline HR decreased within sessions and increased over sessions, corresponding with trends in reaction time (RT). Faster RTs were associated with higher HR and lower heart period variability. Phasic patterns of cardiac activity appeared to be more related to performance variables than baseline measures. Target detection was followed by cardiac acceleration; misses, correct rejections, and false alarms were associated with HR decelerations. Target stimuli were detected more frequently when they occurred after a long heart period. Results are consistent with the view that temporal fluctuations in an attentional or preparatory state are reflected in transient variations in heart period. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
A biological perspective on language. Review ofThe biology and evolution of language, by Philip Lieberman. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University press, 1984, 379pp., hardbound $30.50, paperback $12.95
Amer J Primatol, 1989
Comparative Models of Cognitive Decline in Aging Great Apes
Interdisciplinary Topics in Gerontology, 2002
... New York, Pergamon Press, 1987, pp 222–237. Corr/Martin/Boysen 206 Page 216. ... Albany, Stat... more ... New York, Pergamon Press, 1987, pp 222–237. Corr/Martin/Boysen 206 Page 216. ... Albany, State University of New York, 1991, pp 175–193. 24 Hauser M, Tyrell G: Old age and its behavioral manifestations: A study on two species of macaques. Folia Primatol 1984; 43: 24–35. ...
Representation of Quantities by Apes
Advances in the Study of Behavior, 1997
... Apparently, in part 440 SARAH T. BOYSEN FIG.2. The Functional Counting Task (A) required that... more ... Apparently, in part 440 SARAH T. BOYSEN FIG.2. The Functional Counting Task (A) required that Sheba attend to food items (oranges) hidden at two of three possible sites, while the Symbolic Counting Task (B) consisted of two different Arabic numberals (representing the ...
Chimpanzee and Ellensburg, Wash. Behavioral (noninvasive) 4 2 Not mentioned Human Communication I... more Chimpanzee and Ellensburg, Wash. Behavioral (noninvasive) 4 2 Not mentioned Human Communication Institute, Central Washington University *This is not meant to be an exhaustive list of the types of research being conducted at each facility. 1 According to the International Directory of Primatology. 2 According to Goodall et al. 2003. 3 According to a presentation given by J. Strandberg at the American Association of Laboratory Animal Science (AALAS) conference in 2003. The remaining chimpanzees are not federally owned, but the facilities may still receive federal funding for research.
8 Tool use in captive gorillas SARAH T. BOYSEN, VALERIE A. KUHLMEIER, PETER HALLIDAY, AND YOLANDA... more 8 Tool use in captive gorillas SARAH T. BOYSEN, VALERIE A. KUHLMEIER, PETER HALLIDAY, AND YOLANDA M. HALLIDAY Ethological and experimental ... G. g. beringei) have not been seen to use tools in the wild, despite long-term observation (eg, Fossey & Harcourt, 1977 ...
Representational Capacities in Chimpanzees: Numerical and Spatial Reasoning
Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects, 2002
... photographs of the room or the individual Page 10. 140 ST Boysen and VA Kuhlmeier hiding site... more ... photographs of the room or the individual Page 10. 140 ST Boysen and VA Kuhlmeier hiding sites to find the object that had been hidden in the room represented in the photo. Of particular interest was whether Bobby, who had ...
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