Tomke Musa

Facteurs culturaux affectant les Fusarium spp. et le mycotoxines dans l'orge suisse

L’analyse de 440 echantillons d’orge des annees 2013 et 2014 ainsi que des donnees relatives au m... more L’analyse de 440 echantillons d’orge des annees 2013 et 2014 ainsi que des donnees relatives au mode de culture (varietes, travail du sol, rotation, etc.) a montre que la presence du champignon Fusarium graminearum et de la mycotoxine deoxynivalenol dans l’orge etait influencee par differents facteurs culturaux. Pour reduire le risque d’infestation, il faut prendre en compte non seulement les facteurs individuels, mais aussi la combinaison de differents facteurs, comme le precedent cultural et le travail du sol. Il faut donc toujours etudier l’ensemble du systeme de production pour identifier les facteurs d’influence. Ce faisant, ce n’est pas le systeme de culture (biologique, extensif, conforme aux prestations ecologiques requises PER) qui est decisif, mais les differences a l’interieur du systeme. Le mais en precedent cultural est le facteur qui a le plus favorise les infestations. La combinaison avec d’autres facteurs comme le travail du sol reduit ou la culture de mais durant deux annees consecutives a encore renforce cet effet. Il a egalement ete constate que l’orge de printemps etait moins touchee que l’orge d’automne. Dans les echantillons cultives sans fongicides ni regulateurs de croissance ou avec un apport modere en azote, l’infestation par Fusarium et les concentrations en mycotoxines etaient plus faibles.

Why farmers deviate from recommended pesticide timing: the role of uncertainty and information

Pest Management Science, Apr 10, 2020

BACKGROUND Precise timing of pesticide applications, as recommended by decision support systems, ... more BACKGROUND Precise timing of pesticide applications, as recommended by decision support systems, can ensure crop protection, while maintaining efficient use of pesticides. Yet, farmers often deviate from recommended timing strategies. Here, we assess and explain farmers' choices to follow or not follow recommendations for the timing of fungicide applications against potato late blight in Switzerland. RESULT Based on daily fungicide application records as well as regional application recommendations and disease pressure we found that 36% of applications take place earlier than recommended. Using regression analysis, we identified the exposure to economic risks of infection, susceptibility of the planted potato varieties to late blight infections, as well as yearly differences in disease occurrence as the most important determinants of farmers' application decision. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that decisions to not follow application recommendations and apply early are linked to available information and uncertainty with respect to disease predictions. Based on our results, we make recommendations on how to account for farmers' uncertainty with regard to the timing of pesticide applications in the design of pesticide policies and agricultural decision support systems. These include the use of new technologies and data, mandatory reporting and tailor made taxes and insurance solutions. Although the focus of this article is on late blight in Switzerland, our analysis can easily be extended to other countries and important plant diseases like powdery mildew in grapevines or Fusarium head blight in winter wheat. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Data on late blight warnings in Swiss agricultural newspapers

Occurrence of Fusarium species and mycotoxins in Swiss oats—Impact of cropping factors

European Journal of Agronomy, 2018

Between 2013 and 2015, 325 samples of commercially grown oats were collected in Switzerland along... more Between 2013 and 2015, 325 samples of commercially grown oats were collected in Switzerland along with data on respective cropping factors. The incidence of different Fusarium species was determined using a seed health test and quantitative PCR was used to measure the amount of F. poae and F. langsethiae DNA. Mycotoxins were quantified by LC–MS/MS. Among all Fusarium species, F. poae was found to be dominant whereas T-2/HT-2 toxins were the major mycotoxins. Samples from fields with the previous crop cereal showed the highest concentrations of T-2/HT-2. Higher amounts of nivalenol (NIV) and T-2/HT-2 were detected in samples from fields with reduced tillage compared with samples from ploughed fields. Furthermore, we observed a higher contamination with NIV and T-2/HT-2 in winter sown varieties compared with spring sown varieties. Results from the current study are highly valuable to develop recommendations for optimised cropping systems that reduce the risk of mycotoxin contamination of oat grains.

Liste suisse des variétés de pommes de terre 2012

Agrarforschung Schweiz, 2011

ABSTRACT La Liste suisse des variétés de pomme de terre a valeur de liste recommandée. Elle est é... more ABSTRACT La Liste suisse des variétés de pomme de terre a valeur de liste recommandée. Elle est établie par l’interprofession, dont les représentants forment le «Groupe de travail variétés (AGS)» de swisspatat. Agroscope se charge de la mise à jour des descriptions variétales. Certains caractères évoluent, en particulier la sensibilité aux maladies, et sont aussi mis à jour par Agroscope sur la base d’observations issues de l’expérimentation variétale. La liste est actualisée chaque année avec l’inscription et la description de nouvelles variétés, ou le retrait des variétés tombées en désuétude (tabl. 1). Cette année, l’appréciation de la sensibilité aux maladies de quarantaine a été abandonnée. En revanche, des observations sur la sensibilité des variétés à la gale poudreuse, au rhizoctone brun et l’estimation du taux de sucres réducteurs ont été ajoutées. Dans sa décision d’inscrire ou de radier une variété, le groupe de travail tient compte des préférences des consommateurs et des industries de transformation, des besoins du marché ainsi que des résultats des essais variétaux des expérimentateurs. En 2015, 32 variétés figurent sur la Liste suisse des variétés de pommes de terre. La variété Venezia a été inscrite sur la liste recommandée 2015 tandis que la variété Antina figure pour la dernière année sur la liste recommandée.

Liste suisse des variétés de pommes de terre 2015

Agrarforschung Schweiz, 2014

La Liste suisse des variétés de pomme de terre a valeur de liste recommandée. Elle est établie pa... more La Liste suisse des variétés de pomme de terre a valeur de liste recommandée. Elle est établie par l'interprofession, dont les représentants forment le «Groupe de travail variétés» de Swisspatat. Agroscope se charge de la mise à jour des descriptions variétales. Certains caractères évoluent, en particulier la sensibilité aux maladies, et sont aussi mis à jour par les stations de recherche Agroscope sur la base d'observations issues de l'expérimentation variétale. La liste est actualisée chaque année avec l'inscription et la description de nouvelles variétés, ou le retrait des variétés tombées en désuétude (tabl. 1). Dans sa décision, le groupe de travail tient compte des préférences des consommateurs et des industries de transformation, des besoins du marché ainsi que des résultats des essais variétaux d'Agroscope. En 2013, 29 variétés figurent sur la Liste suisse des variétés de pommes de terre (tableau descriptif en p. 2 -3-4). La variété Alexandra a été inscrite sur la liste recommandée de 2013 dans la catégorie «consommation». La variété Lady Jo, qui n'était plus multipliée, a été radiée. www.agridea.ch I www.swisspatat.ch I www.agroscope.ch Tableau 1 | Liste suisse de variétés de pommes de terre 2013 Variétés Consommation industrielle Plant Primeur

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Anfälligkeit neuer Kartoffelsorten gegenüber Kraut- und Knollenfäule (Phytophthora infestans) und Rhizoctonia (Rhizoctonia solani) – entscheidend für Ertrags- und Qualitätssicherung im biologischen Anbau

Potato is affected by numerous diseases. Among those diseases, late blight (Phytophthora infestan... more Potato is affected by numerous diseases. Among those diseases, late blight (Phytophthora infestans) and rhizoctonia (Rhizoctonia solani) have a strong economic impact. Organic farming doesn't have efficient protection products to control those diseases and to guarantee yield and production quality. Furthermore, we observe that organic food chain propose the same cultivars as the traditional food chain and those cultivars are generally susceptible to late blight. Regarding to the trials managed to propose new cultivars to Swiss cultivars recommendation list, there are numerous new cultivars with interesting resistance profile. Among 141 cultivars tested, 30 could be proposed to the organic food chain. Indeed, those cultivars are less susceptible to late blight and rhizoctonia and can cover the whole range of potato utilization from boiled potato to French fries and crisps.

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Costs of preventive agronomic measures to reduce deoxynivalenol in wheat

The Journal of Agricultural Science, Apr 10, 2017

SUMMARYCereals are of major importance in human and animal nutrition, and the mycotoxin content i... more SUMMARYCereals are of major importance in human and animal nutrition, and the mycotoxin content is of great health and economic concern for the food sector and consumers. In Europe, Fusarium graminearum (FG) is the prevalent Fusarium species leading to Fusarium head blight on small grain cereals and contamination of grains by its main mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON). The present study assessed the costs of preventive agronomic measures to reduce the risk of DON contamination in wheat besides the use of fungicides. The abatement costs were calculated by linking actual data on wheat production costs and profits with assessments of DON contents based on results of the forecast model FusaProg for the period 2005–2011. Analysis revealed that ploughing was a relatively efficient measure to reduce DON risk compared with modifying crop rotation or growing a more FG-resistant wheat variety. Given a threshold value of 1·25 mg DON/kg wheat, a reduction of 0·1 mg DON was related to additional production costs of at least 2·5%. These economic findings are of relevance for farmers and policy makers in order to define sustainable production systems enabling both a high level of food safety and reducing the use of plant protection products.

Costs of preventive agronomic measures to reduce deoxynivalenol in wheat

The Journal of Agricultural Science, 2017

SUMMARYCereals are of major importance in human and animal nutrition, and the mycotoxin content i... more SUMMARYCereals are of major importance in human and animal nutrition, and the mycotoxin content is of great health and economic concern for the food sector and consumers. In Europe, Fusarium graminearum (FG) is the prevalent Fusarium species leading to Fusarium head blight on small grain cereals and contamination of grains by its main mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON). The present study assessed the costs of preventive agronomic measures to reduce the risk of DON contamination in wheat besides the use of fungicides. The abatement costs were calculated by linking actual data on wheat production costs and profits with assessments of DON contents based on results of the forecast model FusaProg for the period 2005–2011. Analysis revealed that ploughing was a relatively efficient measure to reduce DON risk compared with modifying crop rotation or growing a more FG-resistant wheat variety. Given a threshold value of 1·25 mg DON/kg wheat, a reduction of 0·1 mg DON was related to additional pr...

Anfälligkeit neuer Kartoffelsorten gegenüber Kraut-und Knollenfäule (Phytophthora infestans) und Rhizoctonia (Rhizoctonia solani) – entscheidend für Ertrags-und Qualitätssicherung im biologischen Anbau

Potato is affected by numerous diseases. Among those diseases, late blight (Phytophthora infestan... more Potato is affected by numerous diseases. Among those diseases, late blight (Phytophthora infestans) and rhizoctonia (Rhizoctonia solani) have a strong economic impact. Organic farming doesn't have efficient protection products to control those diseases and to guarantee yield and production quality. Furthermore, we observe that organic food chain propose the same cultivars as the traditional food chain and those cultivars are generally susceptible to late blight. Regarding to the trials managed to propose new cultivars to Swiss cultivars recommendation list, there are numerous new cultivars with interesting resistance profile. Among 141 cultivars tested, 30 could be proposed to the organic food chain. Indeed, those cultivars are less susceptible to late blight and rhizoctonia and can cover the whole range of potato utilization from boiled potato to French fries and crisps.

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Epidemics and control of early & late blight, 2017 & 2018 in Europe

Wageningen University & Research, 2019

Cropping factors: the key for sustainable mycotoxin management in cereals

Fusaries et mycotoxines dans le maïs-grains en Suisse

Agrarforschung Schweiz, 2011

Fusaries et mycotoxines dans le maïs-grains en

Fusarium and mycotoxin spectra in Swiss barley are affected by various cropping techniques

Fusarium head blight is one of the most important cereal diseases worldwide. Cereals differ in te... more Fusarium head blight is one of the most important cereal diseases worldwide. Cereals differ in terms of the main occurring Fusarium species and the infection is influenced by various factors, such as weather and cropping measures. Little is known about Fusarium species in barley in Switzerland, hence harvest samples from growers were collected in 2013 and 2014, along with information on respective cropping factors. The incidence of different Fusarium species was obtained by using a seed health test and mycotoxins were quantified by LC-MS/MS. With these techniques, the most dominant species, F. graminearum, and the most prominent mycotoxin, deoxynivalenol (DON), were identified. Between the three main Swiss cropping systems, Organic, Extenso and Proof of ecological performance, we observed differences with the lowest incidence and toxin accumulation in organically cultivated barley. Hence, we hypothesise that...

Fusarioses et mycotoxines dans l’ensilage de maïs: résultat d’un monitoring de cinq ans

Agrarforschung Schweiz, 2017

espanolmbito di un monitoraggio quinquennale del mais da silo (2010–2014) condotto nei cantoni Ar... more espanolmbito di un monitoraggio quinquennale del mais da silo (2010–2014) condotto nei cantoni Argovia e Berna, Agroscope ha studiato l’infezione da funghi del genere Fusarium e il tenore di mico tossine nel mais da silo e ha analizzato come i fat tori legati alla coltivazione (la coltura precedente, lo sfruttamento del suolo, la varieta e il momento della semina e della raccolta) influiscono sull’infe zione. Su 169 campioni di raccolto provenienti dalle aziende agricole, 167 erano colpiti da fusariosi, con una percentuale di infezione media del 57%; del fungo tossigeno e stata riscontrata un’ampia gam ma di varieta. In diversi campioni e stato misurato un tenore di tossine superiore ai valori massimi ammessi per gli alimenti per animali. Nei campioni provenienti da campi di mais da silo con ridotta la vorazione del terreno e stato misurato un tenore di deossinivalenolo (DON) significativamente supe riore rispetto a quello riscontrato nei campioni pro venienti da campi arati....

The development and control of Phytophthora infestans in Europe in 2006

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Mit präzisen Prognosen zu nachhaltigem Pflanzenschutz

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Can plant phenolic compounds reduce Fusarium growth and mycotoxin production in cereals?

To assess the in vitro activity of three phenolic acids (ferulic acid, p-hydro... more To assess the in vitro activity of three phenolic acids (ferulic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid) and two flavonols (quercetin, rutin) on mycelial growth and mycotoxin accumulation of Fusarium graminearum (FG), F. langsethiae (FL) and F. poae (FP), two different approaches were chosen. First, grains from oat varieties were inoculated with a suspension of three FL isolates to determine the influence of phenolic compounds on the accumulation of mycotoxins. The oat variety Zorro showed a tendency for lower accumulation of T-2/HT-2, diacetoxyscirpenol and neosolaniol. Second, a mycelium growth assay was conducted to follow FG, FL and FP growth on cereal based media supplemented with phenolic compounds. Increasing concentrations of ferulic acid substantially inhibited growth of FG and FL, while FP growth was reduced to 57%. In contrast, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, quercetin, and rutin slightl...

Facteurs culturaux affectant les Fusarium spp. et le mycotoxines dans l'orge suisse

L’analyse de 440 echantillons d’orge des annees 2013 et 2014 ainsi que des donnees relatives au m... more L’analyse de 440 echantillons d’orge des annees 2013 et 2014 ainsi que des donnees relatives au mode de culture (varietes, travail du sol, rotation, etc.) a montre que la presence du champignon Fusarium graminearum et de la mycotoxine deoxynivalenol dans l’orge etait influencee par differents facteurs culturaux. Pour reduire le risque d’infestation, il faut prendre en compte non seulement les facteurs individuels, mais aussi la combinaison de differents facteurs, comme le precedent cultural et le travail du sol. Il faut donc toujours etudier l’ensemble du systeme de production pour identifier les facteurs d’influence. Ce faisant, ce n’est pas le systeme de culture (biologique, extensif, conforme aux prestations ecologiques requises PER) qui est decisif, mais les differences a l’interieur du systeme. Le mais en precedent cultural est le facteur qui a le plus favorise les infestations. La combinaison avec d’autres facteurs comme le travail du sol reduit ou la culture de mais durant de...

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