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Waleed Mahmoud

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Papers by Waleed Mahmoud

Development of a 2-D Wavelet Transform based on Kronecker Product

Journal of Al-Nahrain University-Science, Dec 1, 2012

Advances in wavelet transform have produces algorithms capable of surpassing the existing digital... more Advances in wavelet transform have produces algorithms capable of surpassing the existing digital signal processing. This paper presents a new wavelet transform computation method that verifies the potential benefits of the kronecker product and gains much improvement in terms of low computational complexity. A fast algorithm for computing 2-D wavelet transform based on a modified orthogonal matrix is developed using kronecker product. The algorithm has several promising features which make it suitable for 2-D signal processing applications.

Systolic Array for Realization of Discrete Wavelet Transform

The Journal of Engineering, 2007

Facial Expression Recognition from Video Sequence Using Self Organizing Feature Map

Journal port science research, Nov 11, 2021

Face Identification Using Back-Propagation Adaptive Multiwavenet

Journal of Engineering

Face Identification is an important research topic in the field of computer vision and pattern re... more Face Identification is an important research topic in the field of computer vision and pattern recognition and has become a very active research area in recent decades. Recently multiwavelet-based neural networks (multiwavenets) have been used for function approximation and recognition, but to our best knowledge it has not been used for face Identification. This paper presents a novel approach for the Identification of human faces using Back-Propagation Adaptive Multiwavenet. The proposed multiwavenet has a structure similar to a multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network with three layers, but the activation function of hidden layer is replaced with multiscaling functions. In experiments performed on the ORL face database it achieved a recognition rate of 97.75% in the presence of facial expression, lighting and pose variations. Results are compared with its wavelet-based counterpart where it obtained a recognition rate of 10.4%. The proposed multiwavenet demonstrated very good rec...

Uruk 4D Discrete Chaotic Map for Secure Communication Applications

Journal port science research, Oct 23, 2022

In this paper, URUK, a discrete four-dimensional chaotic map, is proposed for secure communicatio... more In this paper, URUK, a discrete four-dimensional chaotic map, is proposed for secure communication. The 0-1 tests, the Lyapunov Exponent (LE) tests, and the National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST) tests, which are typically used to verify the randomness of bits, are employed to evaluate the dynamic behavior of the system based on a variety of criteria. Based on the results of tests demonstrating the system's characteristic chaotic and random behavior, it is reliable for use in covert communications and image encryption.

format_quoteThe proposed URUK 4D chaotic system was rigorously analyzed using various tests, indicating its potential as a robust data security tool.format_quote

A Proposal Algorithm to Solve Delay Constraint Least Cost Optimization Problem

Maǧallaẗ al-handasaẗ, May 10, 2023

Traditionally, path selection within routing is formulated as a shortest path optimization proble... more Traditionally, path selection within routing is formulated as a shortest path optimization problem. The objective function for optimization could be any one variety of parameters such as number of hops, delay, cost...etc. The problem of least cost delay constraint routing is studied in this paper since delay constraint is very common requirement of many multimedia applications and cost minimization captures the need to distribute the network. So an iterative algorithm is proposed in this paper to solve this problem. It is appeared from the results of applying this algorithm that it gave the optimal path (optimal solution) from among multiple feasible paths (feasible solutions).

Design and Implementation of a Multiplier free FPGA based OFDM Transmitter

Journal of Engineering

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is an efficient multi-carrier technique.The cor... more Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is an efficient multi-carrier technique.The core operation in the OFDM systems is the FFT/IFFT unit that requires a large amount of hardware resources and processing delay. The developments in implementation techniques likes Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) technologies have made OFDM a feasible option. The goal of this paper is to design and implement an OFDM transmitter based on Altera FPGA using Quartus software. The proposed transmitter is carried out to simplify the Fourier transform calculation by using decoder instead of multipliers. After programming ALTERA DE2 FPGA kit with implemented project, several practical tests have been done starting from monitoring all the results of the implemented blocks (VHDL code) and compare them with corresponding results from simulation system implemented in matlab 2010a. The results of these practical tests show that the suggested approach gives a significant improvement in reducing comp...

format_quoteSwitching from direct calculation of DFT to FFT dramatically reduces computational complexity from O(N^2) to O(N log N).format_quote

A Hybrid Domain Medical Image Encryption Scheme Using URUK and WAM Chaotic Maps with Wavelet – Fourier Transforms

Journal of cyber security and mobility, Jun 30, 2023

Image encryption is one of the most important techniques to maintain data confidentiality against... more Image encryption is one of the most important techniques to maintain data confidentiality against illegal access and fraudulent usage. In this study, a new medical image encryption technique was developed by combining the discrete wavelet transform, the fast Fourier transform, the Arnold transform, and two multidimensional chaotic systems. The medical image is subjected to a discrete wavelet transform before the magic square shuffles the image subbands. Confusion operations are performed on each scrambled subdomain using the Uruk 4D chaotic system. To increase randomness and unpredictability, a second stage of confusion is implemented in the domain of the Fast Fourier transform using the Arnold transform. The final encrypted image is obtained utilizing secret keys derived from the WAM 3D chaotic system.

format_quoteMean Squared Error (MSE) is minimized in the proposed encryption algorithm, reflecting robust performance in image quality post-decryption.format_quote

A proposed Hyper-Heuristic optimizer Nesting Grey Wolf Optimizer and COOT Algorithm for Multilevel Task

Journal port science research, Nov 17, 2023

format_quoteThe study proposes a novel GWO and COOT combination aimed at solving complex optimization problems more effectively.format_quote

Implementation Of The Swin Transformer and Its Application In Image Classification

Journal port science research, Nov 17, 2023

There are big differences between the field of view of the calculator and the field of natural la... more There are big differences between the field of view of the calculator and the field of natural languages, for example, in the field of vision, the difference is in the size of the object as well as in the accuracy of the pixels in the image, and this contradicts the words in the text, and this makes the adaptation of the transformers to see somewhat difficult.Very recently a vision transformer named Swin Transformer was introduced by the Microsoft research team in Asia to achieve state-of-the-art results for machine translation. The computational complexity is linear and proportional to the size of the input image, because the processing of subjective attention is within each local window separately, and thus results in processor maps that are hierarchical and in deeper layers, and thus serve as the backbone of the calculator's vision in image classification and dense recognition applications. This work focuses on applying the Swin transformer to a demonstrated mathematical example with step-by-step analysis. Additionally, extensive experimental results were carried out on several standardized databases from CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, and MNIST. Their results showed that the Swin Transformer can achieve flexible memory savings. Test accuracy for CIFAR-10 gave a 71.54% score, while for the CIFAR-100 dataset the accuracy was 46.1%. Similarly, when the Swin transformer was applied to the MNIST dataset, the accuracy increased in comparison with other vision transformer results.

format_quoteSwinIR excelled in three different tasks—classic image SR, grayscale image denoising, and RGB image recovery—demonstrating diverse functionality.format_quote

Anew Architecture of Key Generation Using DWT for Image Encryption with Three Levels Arnold Transform Permutation

Journal port science research, Oct 16, 2023

Apply DCT to each block Mask the blocks Divide the Image into blocks of size 8*8 Multiplication b... more Apply DCT to each block Mask the blocks Divide the Image into blocks of size 8*8 Multiplication between the block and the H kernel matrix Inverse DCT for each block Mask the blocks Cipher image Keys k1, k3, k3, k4, k5 Keys computation Diffusion Logistic map [40] WA Mahmoud, AS Hadi, TM Jawad "Development of a 2-D Wavelet Transform based on Kronecker Product"-Al

WAM 3D Discrete Chaotic Map for Secure Communication Applications

International Journal of Innovative Computing

Chaotic systems have become widely adopted as an effective way for secure data communications, be... more Chaotic systems have become widely adopted as an effective way for secure data communications, because of its simple mathematical complexity and good security. The relationship between encryption algorithms and chaos systems has gained a lot of attention in the past few years, since it avoids the data spreading as well as lower the transmission delay and costs. In this paper a novel 3D discrete chaotic map is proposed for data encryption and secure communication and named as WAM. For secure communication, the Pecora and Carroll (P-C) method was utilized to achieve synchronization between the master system and the slave system. The simulation results of WAM 3D discrete chaotic map showed that the system has a chaotic behavior and a characteristic randomness and can pass 0-1, Lyapunov exponent (LE) and NIST tests which are usually used to check chaotic behavior. The statistical outcomes of the LE test were 0.0193, the frequency test (FT) was 0.4237, and the run test (RT) yielded a val...

Radar Parameter Generation to Identify the Target

Maǧallaẗ al-handasaẗ/Journal of engineering, Jun 1, 2009

Due to the popularity of radar , receive often " hear " a great number of other transmitters in a... more Due to the popularity of radar , receive often " hear " a great number of other transmitters in addition to their own return merely in noise. The dealing with the problem of identify and / or separating a sum of tens of such pulse trains from a number of different sources are often received on the one communication channel. It is then of interest to identify which pulses are from which source , based on the assumption that the different sources have different characteristics .This search deals with a graphical user interface (GUI) to generate the radar pulse in order to use the required radar signal in any specified location .

A Wavelet Neural Network Ramwork for Speaker Idntifcation

The Journal of Engineering, 2006

Automated Binary Classification of Diabetic Retinopathy by SWIN Transformer

Journal of Al-Qadisiyah for Computer Science and Mathematics

Diabetic retinopathy is a medical condition that affects the eyes and is caused by damage to the ... more Diabetic retinopathy is a medical condition that affects the eyes and is caused by damage to the blood vessels in the retina (the light-sensitive part of the eye) due to high blood sugar levels in individuals with diabetes. This damage can lead to vision loss or even blindness. It is a common complication of diabetes and a leading cause of blindness in working-age adults. In this paper, to automatically classify images of the retina as having either diabetic retinopathy or not. The goal of this classification is to assist medical professionals in diagnosing diabetic retinopathy more accurately and efficiently, potentially improving patient outcomes. In this process, the Swin transformer model is trained on the APTOS dataset of retinal images and then used to automatically classify new images as either positive or negative for diabetic retinopathy. Used CLAHE and Gaussian, to improve the input image, and the model achieved a Test Accuracy of 96%, Sensitivity of 96%, F1 Score of 96% f...

Speech scrambling based on multiwavelet and Arnold transformations

Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science

For communication applications where secure speech signal transmissions are a key requirement, sp... more For communication applications where secure speech signal transmissions are a key requirement, speech scrambler is taken into consideration. To prevent someone from listening in on private conversations without their knowledge, it can transform clear speech into a signal that is unintelligible. The proposed speech scrambling system involves using two types of frequency transformation techniques: multiwavelet transform and Arnold transform. The effectiveness of the scrambling algorithm was evaluated with the help of three different measurements: the peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), the estimated time (ET), and the mean square error (MSE). According to the final findings, the outcome of the scrambled speech signal does not have any residual intelligibility, while the quality of the descrambled speech is extremely satisfactory and has a low MSE level.

The Determination of Critical-Sampling Scheme of Preprocessing for Multiwavelets Decomposition as 1 st and 2 nd Orders of Approximations

One of the important differences between multiwavelets and scalar wavelets is that each channel i... more One of the important differences between multiwavelets and scalar wavelets is that each channel in the filter bank has a vector-valued input and a vector-valued output. A scalar-valued input signal must somehow be converted into a suitable vector-valued signal. This conversion is called preprocessing. Preprocessing is a mapping process which is done by a prefilter. A postfilter just does the opposite. The most obvious way to get two input rows from a given signal is to repeat the signal. Two rows go into the multifilter bank. This procedure is called "Repeated Row" which introduces oversampling of the data by a factor of 2. For data compression, where one is trying to find compact transform representations for a dataset, it is imperative to find critically sampled multiwavelet transforms schemes which this paper focuses on finding a simple and easy to follow algorithm for its computation. One famous multiwavelet filter used here is the GHM filter proposed by Geronimo, Hard...

Multicarrier Code Division Mulitple Access Based on Wavelet

Baghdad College of Economic sciences University, 2007

Online Tracking Control System For Robot Manipulator Using Adaptive Fuzzy Wavelet Network

AL-Rafdain Engineering Journal (AREJ), 2008

A new method for filtering and segmentation of the ECG signal

Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 1988

Page 1. Noise in ECG signals A NBW MBTHOD FOR FILTHRING AND SEGMENTATION OF THH BCG SIGNAL Kadhia... more