ali muhammad

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Effectiveness of Foreign Aid and Human Development

The Pakistan Development Review, 2009

Foreign aid has been contributory towards fostering broad-based development and complementing nat... more Foreign aid has been contributory towards fostering broad-based development and complementing national development initiatives in the recipient countries. This paper analyses the question of aid effectiveness towards the achievement of goals in the special context of a set of social outcomes in Pakistan. More specifically, the paper focuses the core question that ‘how’ and ‘how far’ foreign aid has affected the ‘health’, ‘education’, and overall ‘human development index’ in Pakistan. Our result shows that there is feedback Granger causality between GI and ODA. That is, Economic growth induces ODA and ODA Granger cause economic growth. As far as Education index, Human development index and life expectancy index concerned, there are only unidirectional Granger causality from ODA to Education index, Human development index and life expectancy index. This is consistent with other literature that ODA contribute to human development. JEL classification: O15, P45 Keywords: Effectiveness, H...

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Obligation Language and Framework to Enable Privacy-Aware SOA

Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2010

... European Microsoft Innovation Center Ritterstr. 23, 52072 Aachen, Germany {lbussard,ulrich.pi... more

A Quantum Neural Network Model

International Journal of Modern Physics C, 2002

We present the algorithms necessary for the implementation of a quantum neural network with learn... more We present the algorithms necessary for the implementation of a quantum neural network with learning and classification tasks. A complete implementation for the classification and learning algorithms is given in terms of unitary quantum gates. Such a quantum neural network can be used to perform complex classification tasks or to solve the general problem of binary mapping.

Critical transition in the constrained traveling salesman problem

Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics, 2001

We investigate the finite size scaling of the mean optimal tour length as a function of density o... more We investigate the finite size scaling of the mean optimal tour length as a function of density of obstacles in a constrained variant of the traveling salesman problem (TSP). The computational experience pointed out a critical transition (at rho(c) approximately 85%) in the dependence between the excess of the mean optimal tour length over the Held-Karp lower bound and the density of obstacles.

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Robust chaos in smooth unimodal maps

Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics, 2001

Robust chaos is defined by the absence of periodic windows and coexisting attractors in some neig... more Robust chaos is defined by the absence of periodic windows and coexisting attractors in some neighborhood of the parameter space. It has been conjectured that robust chaos cannot occur in smooth systems [E. Barreto, B. Hunt, and C. Grebogi, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 4561 (1997); 80, 3049 (1998)]. Contrary to this conjecture, we describe a general procedure for generating robust chaos in smooth unimodal maps.

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Q learning in the minority game

Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics, 2001

We present a numerical investigation of the minority game model, where the dynamics of the agents... more We present a numerical investigation of the minority game model, where the dynamics of the agents is described by the Q-learning algorithm. The numerical results show that the Q-learning dynamics is suppressing the "crowd effect," which is characteristic of the minority game with standard inductive dynamics, and it converges to a stationary state that is close to the optimal Nash equilibrium of the game.

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Advanced Engineered Fiber Technology - A Novel Solution to Cure Lost Circulation During Drilling: Pakistan Case History

All Days, 2008

Losses while drilling are a serious concern to oilfield industry. Loss of expensive drilling flui... more Losses while drilling are a serious concern to oilfield industry. Loss of expensive drilling fluid increases the overall cost of the well. Rig time spent curing the losses can represent significant cost overruns for the well. In extreme cases well control may become an issue. The general practice to control losses starts from diagnosis of the cause. The common solutions to manage the loss circulation problem include drilling fluid treatments involving decreasing the density, controlling the viscosity and addition of lost circulation materials (LCM), controlling the drilling parameters, and placement of cement plugs. This paper will discuss the treatment of drilling fluid with Advanced Engineered Fiber (AEF), the mechanism of action of AEF and its successful application as a solution for lost circulation in Pakistan.

OMV—Benchmark for 8-1/2? Hole Section with One Bit in Sawan Field of Pakistan

All Days, 2008

OMV Pakistan applied an original design of Genesis XT fixed cutter bit with improved features for... more OMV Pakistan applied an original design of Genesis XT fixed cutter bit with improved features for bit stability to drill the 8.5″ section of Sawan-11 development gas well in southern Pakistan. Multiple vertical wells were drilled in this field with similar parameters and operating conditions. Latest proven technology was applied successfully to drill the 1760m of 8.5″ section with record ROP of 25 m/hr which is more than twice as fast compared to previous wells records. Instantaneous rates in excess of 70 m/hr were also recorded while drilling this section. This section was previously drilled with multiple bit runs using multiple roller cone and PDC bits. Later, this was reduced to 2-3 PDC bits and now the complete section has been drilled with one PDC bit (HC 606Z). Dull grading comparison with bits used in the offset wells will also be discussed. The lithology of the drilled section consists of Ranikot formation (dominating claystone with inter bedded sandstone and siltstone). Thr...

A generalized analytical compliance model for transversely symmetric three-segment flexure hinges

The Review of scientific instruments, 2011

This paper presents a generalized compliance model for a three-segment notch flexure hinge with t... more This paper presents a generalized compliance model for a three-segment notch flexure hinge with transverse symmetry. This flexure hinge configuration is most frequently employed in planar-motion, small-displacement compliant mechanisms. The axial and bending compliances are derived for this flexure hinge based on the compliances of two flexure components. The derivation is generalized such that it can be applied to various segment geometries. Using this open-ended model, a three-segment right elliptical corner-filleted flexure hinge design was analyzed. This geometric configuration introduces additional geometric parameters, which can be used to optimize the compliance of the flexure hinge without modifying its gross dimensions. The results of the analysis were validated in part by modifying the geometric parameters of the center segment and elliptical corner fillets to form limiting cases corresponding to several previously investigated configurations, namely right elliptical, thre...

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Acute myeloid leukaemia in children: experience at a tertiary care facility of Pakistan

JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 2012

To document the demographics and outcome of children with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) treated at... more To document the demographics and outcome of children with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) treated at a tertiary care facility of Pakistan. A retrospective study was conducted at Aga Khan University on children (less than 15 years) diagnosed to have AML between January 2000 to May 2007.Total 40 cases were diagnosed out of which 37 charts were available for review. The average age of presentation was 8.5 +/- 4.5 years and 75% were males. The most common presenting feature was fever in 83% followed by bleeding in 41% and pallor in 39%. Initial WBC of > 100,000 was seen in 19% of patients. The most common FAB subtype was M4 39%. Twenty three patients underwent treatment out of which 12 patients are alive and in remission. Majority were followed up around 2 years and 6 months.…

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Phase transition in the generalized Fibonacci quantum Ising models

Physical Review B, 1990

We prove that quantum Ising models, built on the scheme of generalized Fibonacci chains, undergo ... more We prove that quantum Ising models, built on the scheme of generalized Fibonacci chains, undergo a magnetic phase transition whenever the roots of the characteristic equation of the associated substitution rules satisfy the Pisot-Vijayaraghavan (PV) property that only one root in absolute value is greater than one. The proof can be generalized in a straightforward manner to arbitrary two-letter substitution rules. We also conjecture that these models behave as random sys

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Reforming Farmland and Rangeland at Tharparkar: Suggested Implementations for Income Generation

This paper is the analysis of farming and rangeland of rain-fed area of Tharparkar and it is dese... more This paper is the analysis of farming and rangeland of rain-fed area of Tharparkar and it is desert area, but the concept is general and applicable for every part of the world’s desert where agriculture is rain-fed dependant. It is disadvantaged area of Pakistan. Its’ main source of income is livestock, people like agriculture, but agriculture is not sustainable source of income due to shortage of rainfall. There is need of awareness of reforming of farmland and rangeland; fencing is the best way for farmland reform. Only this practice can help the farmers supplying the fodder in drought conditions. Rangeland also should be conserved for the natural vegetation providing, fodder. Increase in livestock would lead Thar to agro-based industrial economy. We should get the lesson from the example of Denmark where previous condition was like Tharparkar.

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The adiabatic analogue of the Margolus–Levitin theorem

Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General, 2004

ABSTRACT In this letter we derive the minimum time needed for any state of a given quantum system... more ABSTRACT In this letter we derive the minimum time needed for any state of a given quantum system to evolve adiabatically into a distinct (orthogonal) state. This problem is relevant to deriving physical limits in quantum computation and quantum information processing. Our result represents an adiabatic analogue to the Margolus-Levitin theorem (Margolus and Levitin 1998 Physica D 120, 188).

Adiabatic quantum oracles

Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General, 2004

In this letter we discuss the adiabatic quantum implementation of some well-known standard quantu... more

A note on the application of the semiclassical wave packet dynamics

The Journal of Chemical Physics, 1989

The optimal choice of the initial parameters of the Gaussian wave packets in the time dependent q... more The optimal choice of the initial parameters of the Gaussian wave packets in the time dependent quantum mechanical calculations using a Gaussian wave packet representation of the wave function is discussed. The proposed procedure is illustrated with the simple case of one dimensional scattering and the propagation of the ground state of the Morse potential.

Adiabatic Quantum Gates

International Journal of Theoretical Physics, 2004

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Unstructured Adiabatic Quantum Search

International Journal of Theoretical Physics, 2004

The quantum adiabatic unstructured search algorithm is one of only a handful of quantum adiabatic... more The quantum adiabatic unstructured search algorithm is one of only a handful of quantum adiabatic optimization algorithms to exhibit provable speedups over their classical counterparts. With no fault tolerance theorems to guarantee the resilience of such algorithms against errors, understanding the impact of imperfections on their performance is of both scientific and practical significance. We study the robustness of the algorithm against various types of imperfections: limited control over the interpolating schedule, Hamiltonian misspecification, and interactions with a thermal environment. We find that the unstructured search algorithm's quadratic speedup is generally not robust to the presence of any one of the above non-idealities, and in some cases we find that it imposes unrealistic conditions on how the strength of these noise sources must scale to maintain the quadratic speedup.

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Example of robust chaos in a smooth map

Europhysics Letters (EPL), 2001

Robust chaos is defined by the absence of periodic windows and coexisting attractors in some neig... more Robust chaos is defined by the absence of periodic windows and coexisting attractors in some neighborhood of the parameter space. The occurrence of robust chaos has been discussed in Phys. Rev. Lett., 78 (1997) 4561 and Phys. Rev. Lett., 80 (1998) 3049. It has been shown that robust chaos can occur in piecewise smooth systems. Also, it has been conjectured that robust chaos cannot occur in smooth systems. However, here we give a counterexample to this conjecture. We present a one-dimensional smooth map xt + 1 = f(xt,alpha) that generates robust chaos in a large domain of the parameter space (alpha).

The Status of Woman in Islam and Judaism (A Comparative Study)

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