Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in Engli... more Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre -including this research content -immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.
Anatomo-radiological study of the vascularization of the perineal region and its relevance in reconstructive surgery
Studio istotopografico del sistema muscoloaponeurotico superficiale
Presented at the Winter Meeting of the British Association of Clinical Anatomists, 18 December 2007, Department of Anatomy and Human Sciences, Hodgkin Building, Guy's Campus, London Bridge, London, UK
Recently, the superficial fascia has been recognized as a specific anatomical structure between t... more Recently, the superficial fascia has been recognized as a specific anatomical structure between the two adipose layers—the superficial adipose tissue (SAT) and the deep adipose tissue (DAT). The evaluation of specific characteristics of cells, fibers, blood circulation, and innervation has shown that the superficial fascia has a clear and distinct anatomical identity, but knowledge about lymphatic vessels in relation to the superficial fascia has not been described. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of lymphatic vessels in the hypodermis, with a specific focus on the superficial fascia and in relation to the layered subdivision of the subcutaneous tissue into SAT and DAT. Tissue specimens were harvested from three adult volunteer patients during abdominoplasty and stained with D2-40 antibody for the lymphatic endothelium. In the papillary dermis, a huge presence of lymphatic vessels was highlighted, parallel to the skin surface and embedded in the loose connective t...
Blood supply to the superficial fascia of the abdomen: An anatomical study
Clinical Anatomy
The aim of this study was to examine data demonstrating that Scarpa's fascia, a superficial f... more The aim of this study was to examine data demonstrating that Scarpa's fascia, a superficial fascia of the anterior abdominal wall, is a vascularized tissue. Specimens of the fascia of seven volunteers undergoing abdominoplasty surgical procedures at the Plastic Surgery Unit of the University of Padova Medical Center were collected. Fractal analysis and quantitative assessment of the vascular network of the fascia was carried out, exploiting the presence of blood in the vessels. Each sample was divided and processed for histological/immunohistochemical analysis (into 5 micron‐paraffin embedded sections and cryo‐sectioned free‐floating samples) as well as for electron microscopy study. A rich vascular pattern forming a fine, dense meshwork with an area percentage of 6.20% ± 2.10% von Willebrand factor stained vessels was noted in all the specimens of the fascia examined; the area percentage of the αSMA‐stained vessels was 2.93% ± 1.80%. The diameters of the vessels fell between th...
The anatomical study of the deep fascia supported its propioceptive role
Megane Pro: Myo-electricity, visual and gaze tracking data acquisitions to improve hand prosthetics
IEEE ... International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics : [proceedings], Jul 1, 2017
During the past 60 years scientific research proposed many techniques to control robotic hand pro... more During the past 60 years scientific research proposed many techniques to control robotic hand prostheses with surface electromyography (sEMG). Few of them have been implemented in commercial systems also due to limited robustness that may be improved with multimodal data. This paper presents the first acquisition setup, acquisition protocol and dataset including sEMG, eye tracking and computer vision to study robotic hand control. A data analysis on healthy controls gives a first idea of the capabilities and constraints of the acquisition procedure that will be applied to amputees in a next step. Different data sources are not fused together in the analysis. Nevertheless, the results support the use of the proposed multimodal data acquisition approach for prosthesis control. The sEMG movement classification results confirm that it is possible to classify several grasps with sEMG alone. sEMG can detect the grasp type and also small differences in the grasped object (accuracy: 95%). T...
Reply to Rana Nadeem's Letter to the Editor
The Breast Journal, 2017
To the Editor: Thanks for the letter in response to our article and would like to clarify the iss... more To the Editor: Thanks for the letter in response to our article and would like to clarify the issues raised in his letter. The aim of our study was to evaluate the prepectoral or muscle sparing technique with the Braxon Acellular Dermal Matrix. We observed that the use of preshaped acellular dermal matrix for a complete breast implant coverage in selected patients is safe and gives satisfactory results with good cosmesis. It must be emphasized that we carefully selected patients for this technique based on Association of Breast Surgeons and British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons guidelines. Hence also patients whose anticipated mastectomy weight was less than <600 g were included in the study. Berna et al. was a preliminary study, which used the first-generation mesh (acetone-based preservation using thicker mesh), while the European study is based on the second-generation mesh (preservative free and 0.6 mm thick). The low complication rates achieved in our study is related to careful patient selection as according to the British guidelines, meticulous technique, and surpassing of the learning curve and surgery carried out by senior consultant surgeons. It must also be noted that we carefully selected patients preoperatively for this technique and hence carried out prepectoral implant based breast reconstruction as planned. We observed in our study that the mesh becomes completely soft and pliable after adequate hydration and implants up to 540 cc (round up to 500 cc and anatomical up to 540 cc) can be used without any difficulty. It is also important to have snug implant mesh wrap to reduce the dead space and the formation of seroma. Hence, Rana has inaccurately stated in his letter that the mesh may not accommodate implants of 440 cc, which is contrary to European and British experience. It is evident that there is variability in the rate of capsular contracture between our study and Maruccia et al. We selected patients who did not anticipate to have postoperative radiotherapy in contrast to Maruccias series as 20% of patients had postoperative radiotherapy. Thus, radiotherapy could account for the observed differences in outcome. Our follow-up was short and we planned to publish our longterm outcome in due course. Interestingly, Berna et al. has recently published a 0% of capsular contracture observed in his preliminary series with a 4-year long follow-up. However, the issue about the complete or partial implant coverage was already studied by Ksander et Schmitz in their publications. They observed that complete coverage of the breast implant with collagen reduces significantly the risk of developing capsular contracture. Although we observed no major rippling in our series as followup was short and patients were carefully selected, it could be considered a problem of prepectoral breast reconstruction when the patient is very thin. Becker observed rippling in 6.4% of his patients too. This is why we advocate a careful patient selection. Anyway the occurence of rippling can be adjusted by lipomodeling. Although it was not the aim of our study, the technique is costeffective as it is a single surgery with short operating times, reduced donor site morbidity, early recovery associated with minimal postoperative pain, and high patient satisfaction. Thus, the prepectoral or muscle sparing technique is safe, feasible, and avoids the adverse effects of submuscular implant-based breast reconstruction adding a whole dimension. However, it is paramount importance to continue to collect and analyze our long-term data to enhance our knowledge about this novel technique.
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