Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International, Apr 25, 2019
The depositional Environment of Odoro-Ikpe, South East Nigeria was interpreted using pebble morph... more The depositional Environment of Odoro-Ikpe, South East Nigeria was interpreted using pebble morphometry and sieve analysis. A field observation, sieve analysis and pebble morphometric analysis was carried out on the area which comprises of conglomerate, pebbles, sand stone and intercalation of shale's and clay. The lithofacies observed are lateralitic layer, pebbly sand, alternating layers of sand and conglomerates and layers of massive sand stone. The graphic mean and skewness of the grain size analysis shows that the sediments are very coarse which indicates a high energy environment. Graphic standard deviation gives a clue that the sediment were very poorly sorted, which is indicative of a fluvial deposit with high energy , while kurtosis result revealed very coarse sediment deposits. This implies that the particles were not transported very far. Pebble
Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International, Jul 6, 2019
Magnetic Susceptibility Mapping and Depth Estimation of Anomalies were carried out on Igarra and ... more Magnetic Susceptibility Mapping and Depth Estimation of Anomalies were carried out on Igarra and its environs, Southwest Nigeria. This was to assist in mineral exploration in the area. The study area is located within the Igarra schist belt which is underlain by rocks of Precambrian basement complex. The Total Magnetic Field over the study area was obtained by digitizing the aeromagnetic map of Auchi (Sheet 226) acquired from the Nigerian Geologic Survey Agency (NGSA). A total of 19 (nineteen) magnetic anomalies were identified on the map; 5 magnetic highs and 14 lows. 8 anomalies have a NW-SE strike direction, 4 in the NE-SW and 7 in the E-W direction. The amplitude of the anomalies and strength of the total field were used to determine the susceptibility values for each of the anomalies. The Susceptibility values were used to generate a Magnetic Susceptibility map of the study area on SURFER 13 software. TMI plots on the anomalies were carried out on MICROSOFT EXCEL 2010. Depth estimates of the anomalies were got using three methods: The Half Width rule, Hannel rule and Tirburg rule. The Susceptibility map shows a
This paper examined the efficiency of artificial neural network (ANN) and multivariate linear reg... more This paper examined the efficiency of artificial neural network (ANN) and multivariate linear regression (MLR) models in the prediction of groundwater quality parameters such as ecological risk index (ERI), pollution load index (PLI), metal pollution index (MPI), Nemerow pollution index (NPI), and geoaccumulation index (Igeo). 40 groundwater samples were collected systematically and analyzed for mainly heavy metals. Results revealed that adopting measured parameters is effective in modeling the parameters with high level of accuracy. Contamination factor results reveal that Ni, Zn, Pb, Cd, and Cu have relatively low values <1 within the region while the Iron values ranged from low contamination to very high contamination (>6). PLI, MPI, and ERI results indicated low pollution. NPI results indicated that the majority of the samples were heavily polluted. Quantification of Contamination results revealed that most of the sample's quality was geogenically influenced. Igeo results revealed that most of the samples had extreme pollution. The health risk assessment results revealed that children are substantially prone to more health risk more than adults. The ANN and MLR models showed a high effective tendency in the prediction of ERI, PLI, MPI, NPI and Igeo. Principal Component Analysis results showed appreciable variable loadings while the Correlation matrix results reveal that there exists weak and positive correlation amongst elements. Based on the outcome of this study, this research recommends the use of ANN and MLR models in the prediction of groundwater quality parameters as they yielded positive, reliable, acceptable, and appropriate accuracy performances.
The International journal of engineering and science, Feb 1, 2017
The stratigraphy and sedimentology of the Ajali Sandstone successions in Igbere area,Afikpo Basin... more The stratigraphy and sedimentology of the Ajali Sandstone successions in Igbere area,Afikpo Basin were studied in order to determine plaeoenvironmental setting and sourcemodel of the deposits. The studied deposits consist of five lithofacies namely: pebblysandstone facies, cross-bedded, laminated, bioturbated sandstone facies and mudstonefacies. Paleoenvironmental interpretation based on facies associations and sedimentarystructures revealed tide-influenced fluvial deposits, while inferences from bivariate plotsof calculated univariate parameters indicated fluvial deposits. The granulometricanalyses of the sediments indicated a predominantly moderately sorted, medium-grainedsandstone with some poorly sorted populations. The kurtosis ranged from mesokurticthrough leptokurtic to extremely leptokurtic sand populations and generally with somesymmetrical, positive and negative skewness. This result is suggestive of a sandpopulation with different tails, especially for the facies representing the poorly sortedpopulations. The sandstone in the area is essentially quartz sandstone or quartz arenitebased on petrographic analysis. The relative abundance of the framework elements (Q96, F 0 and R 4) suggests super-mature sand with a maturity index 19.0. Themineralogical and textural maturity of the sandstone therefore, indicated a polycyclicdeposit. This together with the constituent heavy minerals and paleocurrent directionsinferred that sources of detritus were from both the uplifted continental pluton and old sedimentary domain, respectively. The Crystalline Basement rocks of both theCameroon and Adamawa Highlands, the Oban Massif and western Nigeria Ilesha Spuron the one hand and the Abakaliki Anticlinorium on the other hand both satisfied suchsource models for the post-Santonian Ajali quartz-sand deposit.
Geological and petrophysical studies of some erosion prone soils around Okigwe and Umuahia area, ... more Geological and petrophysical studies of some erosion prone soils around Okigwe and Umuahia area, southeastern Nigeria was carried out to determine the erodability and erosivity characteristics of the study area. Soil samples were collected with a soil auger at a depth range of 0-2m. Analyses carried out include the determination of petrophysical properties (porosity, permeability), and sieve analysis. Grain size analysis revealed sorting coefficients of 0.36–1.32, and graphical kurtosis of 0.51–1.49. The soils are predominantly well to moderately sorted, strongly coarsed skewed and leptokurtic. The sand/sandstone is 87–100% sand with little or no fines with the percentage moisture content ranging from 3.8–26.7%. Estimated permeability values ranges between 0.12-0.46cm/s while the porosity values are between 32.2–37.8%. Result of this study thus revealed that the area is characterized by an interlaying of clay/shale and sandstone units. The accumulation of water at the contact of the...
The Cretaceous shallow marine Gboko limestone, Yandev, Nigeria is a component of the sedimentary ... more The Cretaceous shallow marine Gboko limestone, Yandev, Nigeria is a component of the sedimentary fill of the 800 km NE-SW trending Benue Trough, Nigeria. The limestone is made up of thin bedded to massive limestone beds interspersed with laminated grey shale having foraminifera as the dominant fossil. The limestone has both mud supported and grain supported texture, and micrites constitute about 75% of the limestone. Bulk chemical composition analysis of the limestone reveals average CaCO 3 of 92.41% and a range of 77.50%-99.00%. Mineralogical impurities include quartz, dolomite, pyrrhotite, fluorapatite etc. Trace elements concentration analysis was carried out using Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDXRF) spectrophotometry and showed the following trace elements: Mn (841.3 ppm), Sr (444.6 ppm), Fe (470 ppm), Zn (114.6 ppm) and Pb (116.4 ppm). Calcining the limestone in a laboratory muffle furnace at 1050˚C for 90 minutes produced a compact, soft burnt porous and reactive lime that does not crumble into fines. The lime so produced neither meets the requirements of the Steel Making Shop (SMS) of the Ajaokuta Steel Plant nor could it be used in the growing sugar refining industry in Nigeria. It can however be used in the food and the food by-products industry, environmental, agricultural and petroleum industries etc. The raw stone remains a major source of raw materials for cement manufacture for the ever expanding building industry.
Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International, 2016
Palynological investigation of T-Well located in the South Western Niger Delta was carried out us... more Palynological investigation of T-Well located in the South Western Niger Delta was carried out using 26 ditch cuttings to date and infer paleoenvironment of the sediments penetrated by this interval. The analysis showed-moderately rich palynofloral content consisting of angiosperm pollen grains, ferns and fungi spores, algae and dinoflagellates cysts. Two Pantropical Zones of Magnastriatites howardi and Crassoratitriletes vanraadshooveni were delineated using some stratigraphic markers such as, Crassoratitriletes vanraadshooveni, Verrutricolporites rotundiporis, Psilatricolporites crassus, Retitricolporites irregulari, Monoporites annulatus, Zonocostites ramonae, Verrucatosporites sp, Pachydermites diedderixi, Magnastriatites howardi and Striatricolporites catatumbus. These Zones are of Early to Middle Miocene age. The sediment is made of 70% shale
This work focuses on problems regarding empirical retention modelling and optimization of separat... more This work focuses on problems regarding empirical retention modelling and optimization of separation in ion chromatography. Influences of eluent flow rate and concentration of eluent competing ion (OH)) on separation of seven inorganic anions (fluoride, chloride, nitrite, sulphate, bromide, nitrate, and phosphate) were investigated. Artificial neural networks and multiple linear regression retention models in combination with several criteria functions were used and compared in global optimization process. It can be seen that general recommendations for optimization of separation in ion chromatography is application of chromatography exponential function criterion in combination with artificial neural networks retention model.
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP), 2019
The main objective of the study is to carry out a geochemical and palynological characterisation ... more The main objective of the study is to carry out a geochemical and palynological characterisation of the lignite seams in some parts of Southeastern Nigeria. The study area is located within latitudes 5 0 27' N and 6 0 11'N and longitudes 6 0 52' E and 7 0 35' E, covering parts of Avodim, Nsukwe, Umudinkwa, and Nkpor. The study involves a detailed field study where outcrops of Ogwashi-Asaba Formations were described. Laboratory studies include playnological and proximate geochemical analysis. During field study, four lithofacies were identified in the studied sections namely: Mudstone facies A, Lignite facies B, Sandstone facies C, Ferruginized mudstone facies D. Characteristics of identified facies including colour, lithology, sedimentary structures and fossil contents suggest deposition in transitional sedimentary environments typical of flood plains and delta environments. The lignite facies B was preserved during a rise in the groundwater level. Corresponding to a transgressive phase. Identified palynomorphs are suggestive of proximal prodelta and near shore shallow shelf environments denoting the influx of terrigenous. Based on some index marker palynomorphs, an age range from Oligocene-Early Miocene is assigned to the lignite due to the presence of Pachydermites diederixi, Verrrucatosporites usmensis, Inaperturopollenites hiatus, Psilatriporites rotundas, Magnastriatites howardi, Verrrucatosporites usmensis, Zonocostites ramonae, Retibrevitricolporites protrudens, Laevigatosporites ovatus and Psilatricolporites crassus, Retitricolporites irregularis. Result of geochemical analyhsis showed that the average value of the moisture content at Avodim, Nsukwe, Umudinkwa and Nkpor are 7.2, 7.1, 6.55 and 6.1% respectively. The average ash contents (Dry Base) of lignite from the four study locations are 7.7, 7.1, 6.75 and 6.5 respectively. They recorded an average volatile matter contents of 49.4, 50.65, 50.6 and 49.24 respectively for the four study locations. The average fixed carbon contents of lignites from the study area are 72.6, 71.25, 72.55 and 73.6 respectively for Avodim, Nsukwe, Umudinkwa and Nkpor. A negative relationship exist between the fixed carbon and the other measured parameters. The fixed carbon decreased with increase in volatile matter, ash and moisture contents. It shows that lignite are gradually developing to subbituminous coal. The average values of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur from the study area are relatively higher than those of bituminous coal from other coal deposits in Nigeria. This is because the coalification process results in loss of moisture (dehydration) and decarboxylation as the coalification process progresses; the carbon (rank) increase while the oxygen and hydrogen contents, decreases. Generally, the sulphur content of the lignite deposits are low and this makes them environmentally friendly in terms of industrial utilization. Economically, Lignite can be used for electricity generation, coal combustion and coal gasification by products. Lignite generated electricity is abundant, low cost, reliable and environmentally compatible. Although, lignites are ranked as low quality coals, its quality can be improved through beneficiation.
Uploads
Papers by okeeke ikoro