Takashi Sano

Jichi Medical University, Public Health, Researcher

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MD, The University of Tokyo, Faculty of Medicine (2009)

MPH, The University of Tokyo, School of Public Health (2015)

Certified Epidemiologist, The Japan Epidemiological Association (2020)

Japan Statistical Society Certificate, Grade 1 (Statistics) (2018)

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The Sanskrit Cipher: Recovery of the Pre-Buddhist Phonological and Shaiva Theological System in Ancient Chinese Calendrical Names

This paper identifies a comprehensive phonological and theological cipher embedded within ancient... more This paper identifies a comprehensive phonological and theological cipher embedded within ancient Chinese calendrical, astronomical, and dynastic titles. Through a systematic reconstruction of Old Chinese phonology, we demonstrate that the strange titles of the Five Emperors, the Sexagenary Cycle (Ten Stems and Twelve Branches), the Lunar Months, and the Twelve Astral Stations were originally designed as a pedagogical tool for Sanskrit phonology (Labial, Dental, Palatal, and Retroflex) and a liturgical map of Shaiva theology. We identify specific "operators" such as phonetic inversions, auxiliary markings, and conceptual translations that led to the eventual obfuscation of this system into the traditional Chinese "names" known today.

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An 18-Year Follow-up Survey of Dioxin Levels in Human Milk in Japan

Journal of epidemiology, Jun 5, 2018

Globally, few published studies have tracked the temporal trend of dioxin levels in the human bod... more Globally, few published studies have tracked the temporal trend of dioxin levels in the human body since 2000. This study describes the annual trend of dioxin levels in human breast milk in Japanese mothers from 1998 through 2015. An observational study was conducted from 1998 through 2015. Participants were 1,194 healthy mothers following their first delivery who were recruited annually in Japan. Breast milk samples obtained from participants were analyzed using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry for dioxins, including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Mean age was 29.5 years, and 53% of participants were 20-25 years old. A declining trend in total dioxin levels was found, from a peak of 20.8 pg toxic equivalence (TEQ)/g fat in 1998 to 7.2 pg TEQ/g fat in 2014. Data from the last 5 years of the study indicated a plateau at minimal levels. In contrast, an increasing trend was found i...

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Epidemiological observations of Kawasaki disease in Japan, 2013-2014

Pediatrics international : official journal of the Japan Pediatric Society, 2018

The etiology of Kawasaki disease (KD) is unknown. In Japan, the number of patients and incidence ... more The etiology of Kawasaki disease (KD) is unknown. In Japan, the number of patients and incidence rate of KD has increased continuously since its discovery. The aim of this report was to analyze the latest nationwide epidemiological survey of KD in Japan. The 23rd nationwide survey of KD was conducted in 2015. To report on all patients diagnosed with KD in 2013 and 2014, a questionnaire was sent to hospitals with ≥100 beds containing pediatric departments, as well as specialized pediatric hospitals. The number of KD patients reported was 15 696 in 2013 and 15 979 in 2014, resulting in an annual incidence rate of 302.5 and 308.0 per 100 000 population aged 0-4 years, respectively. The number of patients and incidence rate of KD in 2014 were the highest ever recorded in Japan. The number of patients diagnosed per month peaked in January, and a gradual increase in summer was also observed. Eight patients died of KD in 2013 and 2014. The number of patients and incidence rate of KD in Jap...

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Difference in Risk Factors for Subtypes of Acute Cardiac Lesions Resulting from Kawasaki Disease

Pediatric cardiology, 2017

Few studies discuss the risk factors for acute cardiac lesions (within 30 days) resulting from Ka... more Few studies discuss the risk factors for acute cardiac lesions (within 30 days) resulting from Kawasaki disease (KD). We aimed to clarify the characteristics of patients with cardiac lesions within 30 days and determine the risk factors for acute cardiac lesion subtypes. Using the 23rd nationwide survey of KD in Japan, we analyzed data from patients with or without acute cardiac lesions resulting from KD (n = 31,380). We subdivided patients with acute cardiac lesions into three types: acute valvular lesions, coronary aneurysms, and giant coronary aneurysms (GCA), and calculated the odds ratios of potential risk factors for acute cardiac lesion subtypes. The prevalence of acute cardiac lesions was 8.6%, and these lesions were more prevalent among males than females (1.98:1). Male sex, age <1 year, and atypical definite cases predicted coronary artery lesions (CAL). The risk factors for valvular lesions differed from the risk factors for CALs, but GCA risk factors were similar to C...

Differences in caregiver daily impression by sex, education and career length

Geriatrics & Gerontology International, 2016

We previously proposed the concept of caregiver daily impression (CDI) as a practical tool for em... more We previously proposed the concept of caregiver daily impression (CDI) as a practical tool for emergency triage. We herein assessed how CDI varies by sex, education and career length by determining CDI scores as quantitative outcome measures. We carried out a cross-sectional study using a self-reported questionnaire among caregivers in 20 long-term care facilities in Hyogo, Japan. A total of 10 CDI variables measured participants&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; previous experience of emergency transfers using a scale from 0-10. The resulting total was defined as the CDI score. We hypothetically considered that higher scores indicated greater caregiver focus. The CDI scores were compared by sex, education and career length using analysis of covariance. A total of 601 personal caregivers were evaluated (mean age 36.7 years; 36% men). The mean career length was 6.9 years, with the following groupings: 1-4 years (38%), 5-9 years (37%) and &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;10 years (24%). After adjustment for sex and education, the CDI scores for the variable, &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;poor eye contact,&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; significantly differed between caregivers with ≥10 and &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;5 years of experience (scores of 5.0 ± 3.1 and 4.0 ± 2.7, respectively). The CDI scores for variables related to eyes tended to increase with experience, whereas other CDI scores decreased. Male caregivers focused on residents&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; eyes significantly more than did female caregivers. We found that the CDI variable, &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;poor eye contact,&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; is influenced by career length. Caregivers with more experience attach more importance to their impression of residents&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; eyes than do those with less experience. Sex-related differences in CDI might also exist. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; ••: ••-••.

Temporal and geographical clustering of Kawasaki disease in Japan (2007-2012)

Pediatrics international : official journal of the Japan Pediatric Society, Jan 4, 2016

Since 1987, no study has reported the municipal-level geographical clustering of Kawasaki disease... more Since 1987, no study has reported the municipal-level geographical clustering of Kawasaki disease (KD) in Japan. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify the temporal and municipal-level geographical clustering of KD. The annual incidence rates of KD for each municipality were calculated using nationwide data from 73,758 patients with KD (2007-2012). To determine whether temporal and municipal-level clustering existed, we calculated the correlations of the annual incidence rates for each municipality during the study years, and compared these rates to those of the adjacent municipalities. Spatial scanning analysis was used to identify the geographical clusters for each year, and the incidence rates in those clusters were compared with the rates in the surrounding region. The annual national incidence rate of KD, which was adjusted for the prefecture-specific response rate, was 322.45 patients per 100,000 children who were 0-4 years old. The correlations between the annual inci...

A Sanskrit Cipher in the Erya (爾雅): The "Moon Phase" (月陽) and "Month Name" (月名) Lists

This paper presents a new thesis that builds upon the author's previous work, "A Dual Cipher in t... more This paper presents a new thesis that builds upon the author's previous work, "A Dual Cipher in the Ancient Chinese Ganzhi System." It argues that two other enigmatic lists from the ancient Chinese text 爾雅 Erya-the 月陽 Yueyang and 月名 Yueming-are not related to the calendar, but are in fact additional, sophisticated cipher systems derived from Sanskrit by the same intellectual group. The analysis reveals that these lists functioned as advanced phonological textbooks. The Yueyang list is shown to be a single, complex sentence defining the Sanskrit term for a stop consonant (sparśa). The Yueming list is a chart of palatal (tālavya) consonants that defines the technical terms for both unaspirated (alpaprāṇa) and aspirated (mahāprāṇa) sounds. This decipherment also reveals that this phonological list is the surprising origin of the characters used for traditional Japanese month names still in common use, such as Kisaragi (如月) for the second month and Satsuki (皐月) for the fifth.

format_quoteYueyang and Yueming are corroded phonological lessons; the analysis aims to reconstruct these original texts.format_quote

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A Dual Cipher in the Ancient Chinese Ganzhi System: The Phonological Key to the Stems and the Śaiva Mantra of the Branches

The alternative names for the Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches recorded in ancient Chinese tex... more The alternative names for the Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches recorded in ancient Chinese texts such as the 爾雅 (Erya) and 史記 (Shiji) have long been an enigma. This paper presents a new thesis: that these names are not a single system, but two independent systems created for different purposes by a single intellectual group well-versed in Sanskrit and Śaiva theology. This paper demonstrates that the Heavenly Stem names constitute a "scientific and technical list" designed for learning Sanskrit phonology, including concepts like labial/dental distinctions and consonant clusters (saṃyoga). In contrast, the Earthly Branch names form a "religious and spiritual system": a sacred mantra dedicated to the deity Śiva. The final conclusion of this paper is that these two distinct systems, which originally had no connection to the Chinese calendar, were mistakenly integrated into a single category of "alternative Ganzhi names" by later scholars. This historical misinterpretation occurred because the lists coincidentally contained the characters 丙 (Bing) and 寅 (Yin). This research, therefore, not only deciphers the esoteric names but also restores the traces of a grand intellectual project in ancient China that sought to unify science and religion.

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Takashi Sano

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