Basil Altaie

University of Leeds, Theoretical Physics, Emeritus

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Papers by Basil Altaie

On the AI Service to the Qur’ān

Conference paper, 2024

The potential of AI technology for deduction makes it a valuable resource for aiding scholarship ... more The potential of AI technology for deduction makes it a valuable resource for aiding scholarship and advancing knowledge. AI algorithms and machine learning can offer significant support in decision-making processes. In the context of the remarkable progress made in Natural Language Processing (NLP) in dealing with Arabic text, we are now able to engage with AI and seek its help in various analytical and decision-making tasks. However, this field stays relatively unexplored despite recent advancements, requiring further development both technically and in terms of information management. More researchers are needed to contribute to building robust and mature systems and applications in this area.
This article presents a comprehensive overview of the introduction of AI techniques in Quranic studies, highlighting key areas that could form the core of such investigations. The suggested venues and examples presented here need discussion from both technical and contextual perspectives. While many studies and experiments using AI in Quranic studies are available in the published literature, some crucial remarks and precautions need to be considered regarding the involvement of AI in the study of the Qur’ān and Hadith.
It is crucial to acknowledge that our contemporary era has a vast spectrum of information in natural sciences compared to past ages. The development of the two pillars of modern biology and modern physics has dramatically altered our understanding of life and the universe. The discovery of extraterrestrial planetary systems harboring Earth-like planets presents a challenge to theology and philosophy, requiring us to understand the impact of these discoveries on our comprehension of religion.
The Qur’ān, being considered the word of Allah in Islamic belief, must align with the correct implications of natural sciences. Verses of the Qur’ān are revealed to express the truth, and the exact understanding of the physical world must be truthful. Therefore, it is expected that science may elevate our understanding of the Qur’ān, while the Qur’ān illuminates our path towards scientific exploration. This dialectic relationship between science and the Qur’ān should be investigated by knowledgeable individuals who are well-versed in both domains. Through my own research, I have repeatedly seen this relationship reflecting the authenticity of the Qur’ān's origin as a divine source. Several examples are provided in my book (The Divine Word and the Grand Design), offering profound evidence for the authenticity of the Qur’ān's divine origin.

format_quoteAI algorithms are necessary to extract meaningful relationships within Qur'anic vocabulary and text for better comprehension.format_quote

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The Quran and Evolution: on the creation and development of Humans

This article discusses the question of where the Quran sets a conceptual limitation on the interp... more This article discusses the question of where the Quran sets a conceptual limitation on the interpretation of biological evolution of the first human creature, Adam, and presents a novel understanding for the process of biological evolution in general. The work is part of my endeavor to promote new approach in studies in the Islamic approach to Natural Philosophy. The question of the creation of Adam will be discussed in two contexts, the first is what the Qur'an precisely presents about this the creation and development of humans, and in the second context the general process of evolution is discussed using doctrines of Islamic daqīq al-kalām. Due to the size limitation of the article, I will not be concerned with the traditional views about biological evolution, nevertheless I will focus on the how the Qur'an presented the creation of Adam where it is explicitly states by the verses of the Qur'ān that the development of the first human (Adam) passed through several stages. The second part of this article presents a new-kalām perspective to understand evolution through the principle of recreation introduced by the early Mutakallimūn and was adopted by several Muslim scholars like Mulla Sadra and others. This new approach could enable Muslim scholars to establish new vender in the approach to delicate questions related to Islamic SharīꜤa and Science.

format_quoteDarwin's theory is not definitive; evidence suggests a need for more theoretical details beyond current evolution models.format_quote

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Quantum black hole inflation

In this paper we follow a new approach for particle creation by a localized strong gravitational ... more In this paper we follow a new approach for particle creation by a localized strong gravitational field. The approach is based on a definition of the physical vacuum drawn from Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Using the fact that the gravitational field red-shifts the frequency modes of the vacuum, a condition on the minimum stregth of the gravitational field required to achieve real particle creation is derived. Application of this requirement on a Schwartzchid black hole resulted in deducing an upper limit on the region, outside the event horizon, where real particles can be created. Using this regional upper limit, and considering particle creation by black holes as a consequence of the Casimir effect, with the assumption that the created quanta are to be added to the initial energy, we deduce a natural power law for the development of the event horizon, and consequently a logarithmic law for the area spectrum of an inflating black hole. Application of the results on a cosmologic...

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An upper limit on the region of the particle creation by black holes

We follow a heuristic approach for particle creation by a localized strong gravitational field. T... more We follow a heuristic approach for particle creation by a localized strong gravitational field. The approach is based on a definition of the physical vacuum drawn from Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Using the fact that the gravitational field redshifts the frequency modes of the vacuum, a condition on the minimum strength of the gravitational field required to achieve real particle creation is derived. Application of this requirement on a Schwarzschild black hole resulted in deducing an upper limit on the region, outside the event horizon, where real particles can be created.

On the cosmological constant

Bose-Einstein condensation in an Einstein universe

Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General, 1978

The condensation of a non-relativistic ideal Bose gas in an Einstein universe is investigated. Ex... more The condensation of a non-relativistic ideal Bose gas in an Einstein universe is investigated. Explicit expressions for the condensate fraction N0/N and the specific heat are obtained by using the Poisson summation formula to express the summations as integrations plus corrections. It is shown that the finiteness of the system smoothes out the cusp-like singularity of the infinite system. A rigorous asymptotic analysis of the critical temperature and the specific heat maximum are given, and the relation with the scaling theory of finite size effects is briefly discussed.

Creation and the Personal Creator in Islamic Kalām and Modern Cosmology

cosmokalam.net

The Islamic Philosophy of Science A Study of Dakik al-Kalam

Time and Quantum Clocks: A Review of Recent Developments

Frontiers in Physics

In this review we present the problem of time in quantum physics, including a short history of th... more In this review we present the problem of time in quantum physics, including a short history of the problem and the known objections about considering time as a quantum observable. The need to deal with time as an observable is elaborated through some unresolved problems. The lack of a consistent theory of time is currently hindering the formulation of a full-fledged theory of quantum gravity. It is argued that the proposal set forth by several authors of considering an intrinsic measurement of quantum time, besides having the conventional external time, is compelling. Recently several suggestions have been put forward to revive the proposal of Page and Wootters (1983), elaborating and resolving some of the main ambiguities of the original proposal and opening new scope for understanding its content. The approach followed in these new contributions exposes the need to go beyond the limitations enforced by the conventional approach of quantum physics. The attitude of covariant loop qu...

format_quoteHartle argues that our conventional notion of time in quantum physics is not inherent but rather an approximate feature, challenging established views.format_quote

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An intuitive picture of the Casimir effect

The Casimir effect, which predicts the emergence of an attractive force between two parallel, hig... more The Casimir effect, which predicts the emergence of an attractive force between two parallel, highly reflecting plates in vacuum, plays a vital role in various fields of physics, from quantum field theory and cosmology to nanophotonics and condensed matter physics. Nevertheless, Casimir forces still lack an intuitive explanation and current derivations rely on regularisation procedures to remove infinities. Starting from special relativity and treating space and time coordinates equivalently, this paper overcomes no-go theorems of quantum electrodynamics and obtains a local relativistic quantum description of the electromagnetic field in free space. When extended to cavities, our approach can be used to calculate Casimir forces directly in position space without the introduction of cut-off frequencies.

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Does the Superluminal Neutrino Uncover Torsion?

Cornell University - arXiv, Oct 31, 2011

I investigate the possibility of the propagation of neutrino with superluminal speed through matt... more I investigate the possibility of the propagation of neutrino with superluminal speed through matter in the context of the relation between gravity, spin and tortion. Using a lemma of Penrose and earlier works on the relation between spin, torsion and gravity I glimpse on a frame work in which superluminal speed of the neutrinos moving through matter become possible. In presence of torsoin neutrinos are found to follow spacelike geodesics by tunneling through the light cone into the spacelike region and consequently appear to have superluminal speed in our timelike world, whereas photons always follow null geodesics. This frame work may set new frontiers for spacetime physics.

format_quoteOPERA collaboration reported muon neutrinos travel 60 ns faster than light, indicating a superluminal speed of approximately 2.5×10 -5 c.format_quote

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A quantum black hole universe

Using the result obtained in a prevoius paper, in which I found an upper limit on the region of p... more Using the result obtained in a prevoius paper, in which I found an upper limit on the region of particle creation in the vicinity of the event horizon of a Schwarzschild black hole, and by assuming that all the created energy will be absorbed by the black hole, a natural power law for the growth of the event horizon is deduced. This result may explain the existence of galactic black holes with very large masses. Application of this result on cosmological scale shows that if we start with a Planck-sized black hole then the natural growth of such a black hole will produce one with a density equals the present critical density of the universe. Such a black hole universe will be in the state of eternal inflation. Comment: 10 pages

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Back reaction of quantum fields in an Einstein universe

Physical Review D, 2002

We study the back-reaction effects of the finite-temperature massless scalar field and the photon... more We study the back-reaction effects of the finite-temperature massless scalar field and the photon field in the background of the static Einstein universe. In each case we find a relation between the temperature of the universe and its radius.These relations exhibit a minimum radius below which no self-consistent solution for the Einstein field equation can be found. A maximum temperature marks the transition from the vacuum dominated era to the radiation dominated era. An interpretation to this behavior in terms of Bose-Einstein condensation in the case of the scalar field is given.

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Finite-temperature scalar fields and the cosmological constant in an Einstein universe

Physical Review D, 2003

We study the back-reaction effect of a massless minimally coupled scalar field at finite temperat... more We study the back-reaction effect of a massless minimally coupled scalar field at finite temperatures in the background of an Einstein universe. Substituting for the vacuum expectation value of the components of the energy-momentum tensor on the right hand side of the Einstein equation, we deduce a relationship between the radius of the universe and its temperature. This relationship exhibits a maximum temperature, below the Planck scale, at which the system changes its behavior drastically. The results are compared with the case of a conformally coupled field. An investigation into the values of the cosmological constant exhibits a remarkable difference between the conformally coupled case and the minimally coupled one.

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Spinor fields in an Einstein universe: Finite-temperature effects

Physical Review D, 1978

ABSTRACT The finite-temperature corrections to the vacuum energy density of scalar, neutrino, and... more ABSTRACT The finite-temperature corrections to the vacuum energy density of scalar, neutrino, and photon fields in an Einstein universe are calculated by using the statistical-mode-sum technique with the aid of the Poisson summation formula. The theory of relativistic time-temperature Green&#39;s functions in static space-time is also considered and used to calculate the temperature correction to the neutrino-field vacuum energy density. Asymptotic limits of low and high temperature are discussed for each case.

Bose-Einstein condensation of spin-1 field in an Einstein universe

Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General, 2000

In this paper we investigate the Bose-Einstein condensation of massive spin-1 particles in an Ein... more In this paper we investigate the Bose-Einstein condensation of massive spin-1 particles in an Einstein universe. The system is considered under relativistic conditions taking into consideration the possibility of particle-antiparticle pair production. An exact expression for the charge density is obtained, then certain approximations are employed in order to obtain the solutions in closed form. A discussion of the approximations employed in this and other work is given. The effects of finite-size and spin-curvature coupling are emphasized.

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A Non-Singular Universe with Vacuum Energy

International Journal of Theoretical Physics, 2011

We construct a model for the universe based on the existence of quantum fields at finite temperat... more We construct a model for the universe based on the existence of quantum fields at finite temperature in the background of Robertson-Walker spacetime in presence of a non-zero cosmological constant. We discuss the vacuum regime in the light of the results obtained through previous studies of the back-reaction of massless quantum fields in the static Einstein universe, and we argue that an adiabatic vacuum state and thermal equilibrium is achieved throughout this regime. Results shows that such a model can explain many features of the early universe as well as the present universe. The model is free from the basic problems of the standard Friedmann cosmology, and is non-singular but involves a continuous creation of energy at a rate proportional to the size of the universe, which is lower than that suggested by the steady-state cosmology. Contents

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Casimir Energy for Spherical Shell in Schwarzschild Black Hole Background

General Relativity and Gravitation, 2004

In this paper, we consider the Casimir energy of massless scalar field which satisfy Dirichlet bo... more In this paper, we consider the Casimir energy of massless scalar field which satisfy Dirichlet boundary condition on a spherical shell. Outside the shell, the spacetime is assumed to be described by the Schwarzschild metric, while inside the shell it is taken to be the flat Minkowski space. Using zeta function regularization and heat kernel coefficients we isolate the divergent contributions of the Casimir energy inside and outside the shell, then using the renormalization procedure of the bag model the divergent parts are cancelled, finally obtaining a renormalized expression for the total Casimir energy.

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