Foundation University journal of psychology, Mar 9, 2021
Background. Recognition of feelings of their offspring is an essential characteristic of parentin... more Background. Recognition of feelings of their offspring is an essential characteristic of parenting. Recognizing feeling of their children may help parents in understanding needs and preferences of their children. Feeling recognition is an essential component of autonomy support. It is hypothesized that feeling recognition by parents lead to an increase in sense of belonging of children to their parents. The study is aimed to investigate the relationship between feeling recognition by parents and sense of belonging in children. It was hypothesized that the relationship is mediated by identity styles and moderated by family support. The study sample includes 500 university students (Male=244, and Female=256), age ranging from 18 to 25 years (Mean=2.35, SD = 1.54). Data was collected from different universities of Islamabad, Rawalpindi, Lahore and Mandi Bahauddin. Along with a detailed demographic sheet, data was collected on Parental Autonomy Support, Identity Styles, Sense of Belonging, and Social Support. The results showed that the effect of feeling recognition on sense of belonging is mediated through informative, and normative identity (B = .24, p < .01; B = -.13, p < .05) respectively. Further, results showed that indirect effect through both mediators is moderated by family support. It is concluded that with low level of family support, identity styles have no role between feeling recognition and sense of belongings but as family support increases, feeling recognition contribute toward both normative and informative identity styles resulting in an increase in sense of belonging. It is recommended that family support shall be focused on interventions tailored to increase family bonding of adolescents and young adults.
Explaining Sense of Responsibility with Family Competence: Mediation by Family Conflict and Moderation by Gender
Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research, Dec 31, 2022
This study investigated the role of family competence, with mediation by family conflict and mode... more This study investigated the role of family competence, with mediation by family conflict and moderation by gender, in determining sense of responsibility in young adults. The sample (N = 606) consisted of university students (men = 140, women = 433) with age ranging from 19-25 years (M = 20.70, SD = 1.90). Self- Report Family Inventory II (Beavers &amp; Hampson, 2000) and Personal Responsibility Scale (Mergler, 2016) were used and results indicated a significantly negative relationship between family competence and sense of responsibility, contrary to our hypothesis. However, it was observed that conflict mediates between the effects of family competence on sense of responsibility, and that females score higher on sense of responsibility, both in line with the study’s hypotheses. Gender as a moderator for the effect of family conflict on sense of responsibility presented a significant relationship. Furthermore, the interaction between conflict and gender was significant. The regression model showed a significant direct conditional effect at low levels between competence and sense of responsibility, as well as a significant indirect effect at low and medium levels between competence and sense of responsibility, while a mediated effect at high level can also be observed. Findings can be used for parental awareness regarding the psychological needs of our target demographic.
Role of Metaworry and Emotional Coping Across Metacognitive Beliefs and Well-Being: A Gender Perspective
Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research, Dec 5, 2018
The current research aimed at exploring the moderating role of gender on the relationship between... more The current research aimed at exploring the moderating role of gender on the relationship between positive beliefs about rumination and negative well-being mediated serially by metaworry and emotion-oriented coping. A total of 514 employed professionals from different organizations completed Positive Beliefs about Rumination Scale, Anxious Thought Inventory, Coping Inventory for Stressful Situation, and Well-being Questionnaire-12. The findings showed positive relationships among study variables. Gender moderation was tested in both direct and indirect regression paths. The direct path between metaworry and emotion-oriented coping was moderated by gender. Positive beliefs about rumination were mediated by metaworry on emotion-oriented coping that further mediated effect of metaworry on negative well-being. The moderated mediations appeared to be significant for men only suggesting a moderating role of gender on direct and total effects. The indirect path from positive beliefs about rumination to negative well-being was serially mediated by metaworry and emotion coping for both men and women proposing absence of moderation by gender. The moderation in men within organizational settings proposed that despite holding positive metacognitive beliefs, the direct and total effects were significantly buffered in men for metaworry. However, emotion-oriented coping predicted negative well-being within organizational settings irrespective of gender category. The findings were suggestive of deleterious effects on well-being following an emotion focused approach within proactive environmental needs.
Background. The mental health outcomes of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) might be hazardous ... more Background. The mental health outcomes of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) might be hazardous and may evoke a tsunami of mental illness. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic has profound psychological and social effects. It has been expected that the mental illnesses and suicide rates may rise not only due to the suffering of the pandemic itself but also to prolonged combat strategies, including lockdown and quarantine over a longer period. It is henceforth important to identify potential risk factors for developing risk prevention strategies with urgent consideration.Materials and Methods. A systematic review approach was employed to collect information regarding the high-risk individuals for suicide during a pandemic and subsequently present the prevention and intervention-focused strategies for managing the condition. The article published just after the pandemic outbreak including the time period: 2019 to 2020 available at PubMed, PsycINFO, and LISTA...
Nothing is Aversive; It’s About the Quest for Meaning: Addressing the Role of Primary Appraisals for Association Between Locus of Control and Stress Among Media Professionals
Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research, Mar 31, 2023
Introduction: Mental illness-related stigma creates serious barriers to access employment, educat... more Introduction: Mental illness-related stigma creates serious barriers to access employment, education, housing, health and social care. There are different types of stigma, one of them is self or internalized stigma. Drug addiction is one of the most discriminated diseases in psychiatry, in many levelsstructural, interpersonal and intrapersonal. Objectives: With this work we aim to study the internalized stigma and quality of life in the context of Methadone Maintenance Therapy (MMT) in a Portuguese sample. Methods: We conduct a survey at Centro de Resposta Integrada Porto Ocidental (Porto, Portugal); it consisted in three parts: 1) sociodemographics; 2) the Interalized Stigma of Mental Illness scale (ISMI); 3) the World Health Organization Quality of Life Instruments -Bref. We ask all the patients on MMT (low and high-risk programmes) to answer the questionnaire. For statistical analysis we use the Excel software and use a regression analysis. Results: 53 patients participated in our study; the average age was 43 years old and 92% were male. The majority was in a weekly MMT, 74% for more than five years. All the dimensions of the ISMI (social withdrawal, stereotype endorsement, alienation, discrimination experience, stigma resistance) scored low self-stigma (< 2.5 points). The quality of life was on average bad and it was associated with unemployment, without association with internalized stigma. Conclusions: In contrast to earlier findings, we found that MMT patients show low self-stigma. There are several possible explanations for these results, such as the Self-Selection bias. Our data thus need to be interpreted with caution.
Adolescent Psychosocial Adjustment and Diabetes Control : Identifying Risk and Protective Factors
Objectives: To determine the underlying factor structure of diabetes specific support, using a mo... more Objectives: To determine the underlying factor structure of diabetes specific support, using a modified diabetes family social support questionnaire, the M-DSSQFamily, in one half of a sample of adolescents with type 1 diabetes, confirm it in the second half, test invariance in factor structure across gender and age, and test the reliability of the resulting scales. Method: The study included 11-19 years old youngsters with type 1 diabetes, who are all on daily insulin injection or pump. A total of 437 adolescents (54.5% girls; mean age 14.7 years; mean diabetes duration 6.1 years) Chapter 2 Modified DSSQ-Family participated in the study. Results: Exploratory factor analyses in the first random half of the sample suggested five factors including 45 items with loading ≥.40, and explaining 40% of item variance. Confirmatory factor analysis in the remainder of the sample showed good indices of fit with exclusion of only 5 items. The final model with 5 underlying factor including “Guidance and Supervision (10 items, α=.84)”, “Encouragement of Self-care and Exercise (8-items, α=.82)”, “Support in Critical Situations (6-items, α=.90)”, “Nourishment (9-items, α=.84)”, and “Emotional Support (7-items, α=.81)” was confirmed across gender and age. In a second order factor analysis all five factors loaded on one overall factor Diabetes Social Support-Family (α=.93). Conclusion: The 40-item modified M-DSSQ-Family presented a different view of traditional aspect of diabetes social support from family which may be more fruitful for adolescents. In addition it emerged as a valid and reliable measure of family support for Dutch adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
Assessing diabetes support in adolescents; factor structure of the modified Diabetes Social Support Questionnaire (DSSQ-Friends)
To determine the underlying factor structure of friends&#39; enacted support behaviours for a... more To determine the underlying factor structure of friends&#39; enacted support behaviours for adolescents with Type 1 diabetes, confirm it in a second sample, delineate distinctive aspects of friends&#39; support and test the reliability of resulting scale. The study included a total of 434 adolescents (54.8% girls), mean age 14.7 years, mean duration of diabetes 6.1 years. Results from the exploratory factor analysis, including data from a random half of the participants revealed a five-factor solution explaining approximately 48.4% of the item variance. The five factors emerged Guidance and Encouragement (13 items; α=0.91), Help in Critical Situations (7 items; α=0.92), Nourishment (11 items; α=0.88), Empathy (6 items; α=0.83) and Help in Exercise (5 items; α=0.76). Confirmatory factor analysis on the remainder of the sample showed good indices of model fit. Comparison of the factor structure across gender and age also presented an excellent fit. In a second-order factor analysis all five factors loaded on one overall factor, Diabetes Social Support-Friends. Construct validity of the resulting scales was supported by predicted associations of Modified Diabetes Specific Support Questionnaire-Friends scale scores with HbA(1c) , treatment adherence and responsibility, and well-being. The 42-item Modified Diabetes Specific Support Questionnaire-Friends emerged as a reliable and valid scale for Dutch adolescents with Type 1 diabetes and measures five factors of diabetes-specific support from close friends.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, Sep 1, 2016
Conclusions All applied quality of life related scales are not sensitive enough to detect signifi... more Conclusions All applied quality of life related scales are not sensitive enough to detect significant deterioration of quality of life in patients with short disease duration.
Attitudes of medical students towards psychiatry in QMC (Bahawalpur) Pakistan
Annals of King Edward Medical University, Mar 31, 2016
Impact of Trauma Exposure on Psychosocial Functioning of Media Professionals: Sense of Coherence as Moderator
Journal of Loss and Trauma
Dyadic Associations Between Grandparent–Grandchild Familial Values and Successful Aging: Mediating Role of Quality of Life
The International Journal of Aging and Human Development
The current study aimed to determine the reciprocal associations between the familial values and ... more The current study aimed to determine the reciprocal associations between the familial values and successful aging of grandparents and grandchildren and the extent to which quality of life accounts for these reciprocal associations. Data was collected from 270 grandparent–grandchild pairs living together. Actor-Partner Independence Model indicated that familial values of both grandparents and grandchildren showed significant associations with their own successful aging (actor effects), whereas familial values of grandchildren showed significant associations with the successful aging of grandparents (partner effects). Grandchildren’s quality of life mediated the actor and partner effects of familial values on the successful aging of grandchildren; whereas grandparents’ quality of life only mediated the actor effect of familial values on the successful aging of grandparents. These findings showed the interdependence of grandparents and grandchildren while emphasizing the importance of ...
Impact of Interhemispheric Integration on Creativity
Journal of Cognitive Neuropsychology, 2021
Measurement of adolescents social support: A study on translation and validation of CAS-9
Rawal Medical Journal, 2020
Objective: To determine the external validity of a social supportresearch instrument translates a... more Objective: To determine the external validity of a social supportresearch instrument translates and validate on a sample of Pakistani adolescents. Methodology:The Spanish originated Cuestionario de Apoyo Social (CAS) was translated in Urdu language and construct validity of the instrument was tested by using Confirmatory factor analysis. The study included a total of 706 adolescents. Results: Results showed good fit for both three and four factor models yet the four factors model is preferred due to the additional information regarding satisfaction over perceived support. Additionally, the fourth factor also even with its only two items has very good internal consistency i.e., α = .81. Conclusion: The availability of Social Support Scale in Urdu language is expected to facilitate the assessment of various dimensions of social support of adolescents in Pakistan population. Keywords: Social support, adolescents, validation.
The objective of the current study was to investigate the role of perceived parental support as a... more The objective of the current study was to investigate the role of perceived parental support as a moderator in the association between adolescents' expectations in romantic relations and their psychological well-being. The sample consisted of 647 adolescents (boys = 285, girls = 362). Their age ranged from 16 to 18 years (M = 17.19 years, SD = .77) and they were regular students in different colleges of Islamabad and Rawalpindi. They completed the Perceived Parental Support Scale, the Wellbeing Questionnaire-W-BQ12 and the Romantic Relations Scale for Adolescents. The results showed that there were significant gender differences on expectations in romantic relations and psychological well-being with girls scoring higher than boys on expectations in romantic relations while boys scoring higher than girls on psychological well-being. The results also indicated that there was a significant negative association between expectations in romantic relations and psychological well-being. Findings of the moderation analysis showed that perceived parental support moderated the association. Simple slope analysis indicated that there was a significant negative slope for low and medium levels of perceived parental support while the slope was nonsignificant for high levels of perceived parental support. These results indicated that perceived parental support counters the negative effect of expectations in romantic relations on psychological well-being during adolescence. It is suggested that perceived parental support is important in planning interventions to improve the wellbeing of adolescents.
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Papers by Jamil Malik