Muhsin Kılıç

Uludag University, Mechanical Engineering, Faculty Member

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Papers by Muhsin Kılıç

Dynamic Modeling of a Compressed Natural Gas Refueling Station and Multi-Objective Optimization via Gray Relational Analysis Method

Applied Sciences, 2025

Dynamic Modeling of a Compressed Natural Gas Refueling Station and Multi-Objective Optimization v... more

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Assessment of a Portable Air Cleaning Device Performance in Eliminating Indoor Air Contaminants by Considering Particle Transport Characteristics

Applied Sciences, 2025

Human health is significantly impacted by the quality of the air in living areas. Numerous factor... more Human health is significantly impacted by the quality of the air in living areas. Numerous factors, such as the kind of particle, clean air delivery rate, room geometry, surface features, and thermal plume produced by people or other equipment, all have an impact on indoor particle movement. This work uses computational fluid dynamics to quantitatively examine the performance of a portable air purifier that is routinely used to improve the indoor air quality of a room. The volumetric flow rate, particle diameter, and placement of the air cleaner device were considered in the assessment of the particle transport characteristics. The temperature, velocity, and age of the air distribution in the room were computed in three-dimensional simulations, and the effectiveness of the air cleaning device (ACD) in eliminating contaminants was then investigated. Clean air delivery rate (CADR), collection efficiency, and particle concentration rate values were also computed for every case that was taken into consideration. It is found that CADR and collection efficiency values for larger particles are about 2-7% better than those for smaller particles. The collection efficiency of ACD with different operating conditions is in the range of 71% to 87%. Better collection performance parameters are observed with higher flow rates.

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The Effect of Energy Management in Heating-Cooling Systems of Electric Vehicles on Charging and Range

Applied Sciences , 2026

In this study, an energy management model for electric vehicles including the entire vehicle such... more In this study, an energy management model for electric vehicles including the entire vehicle such as the cabin, electric motors, battery, and the heating-cooling system was prepared. The heating and cooling processes for electric vehicles were run according to the internationally recognized driving cycles as well as at constant speeds to investigate them under different ambient conditions. The heating-cooling processes were managed in line with the cabin temperature target determined by considering the comfort conditions. The energy consumption of each of the system elements and the system in the heating-cooling process in electric vehicles was analyzed. Under different operating conditions, the variation of cabin temperature with time, instantaneous power, and cumulative energy consumption was calculated. The effect of heating and cooling processes on energy consumption, charging rate, and range were analyzed and interpreted. The results showed that the heating-cooling system for the heating process consumed more energy when the ambient temperature decreased, and the charge consumption ratio as well as the range deformation rate increased to about 30% when the ambient temperature was-10 • C. Similarly, the heating-cooling system for the cooling process consumed more energy when the ambient temperature increased, and the charge consumption ratio as well as the range deformation rate reached up to 40% when the ambient temperature was 40 • C. When the outdoor conditions were close to the thermal comfort temperature of 23 • C inside the cabin, the total energy consumption and the range deformation rates were reduced to less than 10%.

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Thermodynamic Performance Assessment of Standalone Liquid Air Energy Storage Systems With and Without Organic Rankine Cycle Integration for Sustainable Energy Storage Applications

Sustainability, 2026

This study presents a comprehensive exergy-based thermodynamic analysis of a standalone liquid ai... more This study presents a comprehensive exergy-based thermodynamic analysis of a standalone liquid air energy storage (LAES) system integrated with internal thermal storage and an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) for sustainable large-scale energy storage applications. Unlike conventional studies, this work focuses on providing a scalable design framework by quantifying storage fluid requirements on a per-unit-mass-flow and per-MWh-capacity basis, enabling the results to be generalized for various power outputs and storage capacities. The proposed system configurations with two-and three-stage compression were compared in terms of liquid yield, round-trip efficiency (RTE), exergy efficiency, and storage fluid requirements. Results indicate that the optimal operating pressures are 190 bar for charging and 130 bar for discharging. At 200 bar charging pressure, the liquid yield increases from 0.51 (at 60 bar) to 0.86, while the maximum RTE reaches 62% in the base case and 68% with ORC integration. Incorporating ORC enhances the RTE by approximately 6-7% compared with conventional configurations through improved low-grade waste heat recovery and energy utilization. The two-stage compression configuration with ORC demonstrates the best thermodynamic performance, providing higher exergy efficiency, greater net power output, and lower thermal storage requirements. Furthermore, the reduction in thermal storage fluid demand contributes to improved resource utilization and lower infrastructure requirements for large-scale deployment. Additional sensitivity analyses indicate that thermal losses significantly reduce system performance, whereas ambient temperature fluctuations within ±15 K have only a minor influence on round-trip efficiency and liquid yield due to compensating effects between charging and discharging processes. The findings of this study provide scalable design insights for LAES systems and demonstrate the potential of ORC-assisted LAES technology to support renewable energy integration, sustainable grid flexibility, and low-carbon energy infrastructure development.

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Computation of Flow Between Two Discs Rotating at Different Speeds

Discs rotating at different speeds are found in the internal cooling-air systems of most gas turb... more Discs rotating at different speeds are found in the internal cooling-air systems of most gas turbines. Defining Γ as the ratio of the rotational speed of the slower disc to that of the faster one then Γ = −1, 0 and +1 represents the three important cases of contra-rotating discs, rotor-stator systems and co-rotating discs, respectively. A finite-volume, axisymmetric, elliptic, multigrid solver, employing a low-Reynolds-number k-ε turbulence model, is used for the fluid-dynamics computations in these systems. The complete Γ region, −1 ≤ Γ ≤ +1, is considered for rotational Reynolds numbers of up to Reφ = 1.25 × 106, and the effect of a radial outflow of cooling air is also included for nondimensional flow rates of up to Cw = 9720. As Γ → −1, Stewartson-flow occurs with radial outflow in boundary layers on both discs and between which is a core of nonrotating fluid. For Γ ≈ 0, Batchelor-flow occurs, with radial outflow in the boundary layer on the faster disc, inflow on the slower one, and between which is a core of rotating fluid. As Γ → +1, Ekman-layer flow dominates with nonentraining boundary layers on both discs and a rotating core between. Where available, measured velocity distributions are in good agreement with the computed values.

Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynakları ve Sürdürülebilirlik Endeksi

Uludağ University Journal of The Faculty of Engineering, Apr 1, 2013

Son yıllarda dünyadaki enerji gereksinimi, belirgin bir artış göstermektedir. Buna bağlı olarak t... more Son yıllarda dünyadaki enerji gereksinimi, belirgin bir artış göstermektedir. Buna bağlı olarak temiz ve sürdürülebilir enerji kaynakları üzerindeki bilimsel araştırmalar ivme kazanmıştır. Bir enerji kaynağının var olması tek başına yeterli değildir aynı zamanda bu enerji kaynağının kapasitesi, çevreyle olan uyumu, ekonomik faktörler, devamlılığı gibi parametrelerde dikkate alınmalıdır. Bu parametreler göz önünde bulundurulduğunda "sürdürülebilirlik" ve "yenilenebilir" kavramları önem kazanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, öncelikle sürdürülebilirliği değerlendirme araçları literatürde mevcut bilgilerle genel olarak ifade edilmiş ve indeks ve göstergelere dayanan sürdürülebilirlik araçları literatürde yer alan örneklerle açıklanmaya çalışılmış ve Türkiye şartları için örnek uygulamalar yapılmıştır. Daha sonra bazı yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları için küresel sürdürülebilirlik indeks ve göstergelerine değinilerek enerji kaynaklarının sürdürülebilirliğine ilişkin sonuç ve önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

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Computation of Flow in Rotating Disc Systems

Advances on heat pump applications for electric vehicles

A detailed literature review is presented for the applications of the heat pump technologies on t... more A detailed literature review is presented for the applications of the heat pump technologies on the electric vehicles Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system. Due to legal regulations, automotive manufacturers have to produce more efficient and low carbon emission vehicles. Electric vehicles can be provided these requirements but the battery technologies and energy managements systems are still developing considering battery life and vehicle range. On the other hand, energy consumption for HVAC units has an important role on the energy management of these vehicles. Moreover, the energy requirement of HVAC processes for different environmental conditions are significantly affect the total energy consumption of these vehicles. For the heating process, the coolant of internal combustion (IC) engine can be utilized but in electric vehicles, we have not got any adequate waste heat source for this process. The heat pump technology is one of the alternative choices for the industry due to having high coefficient of performance (COP), but these systems have some disadvantages which can be improved with the other technologies. In this study, a literature review is performed considering alternative refrigerants, performance characteristics of different heat pump systems for electric vehicles and thermal management systems of electric vehicles.

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Mikro-Gaz Türbin Çevriminin Simülasyonu ve Sistem Komponentlerinin Optimizasyonu

Uludağ University Journal of The Faculty of Engineering, Apr 1, 2007

Son yıllarda, günümüzdeki ağır bataryaların yerini alacak hafif ve kompakt bir güç kaynağı gelişt... more Son yıllarda, günümüzdeki ağır bataryaların yerini alacak hafif ve kompakt bir güç kaynağı geliştirilmesi yönünde çalışmalar devam etmektedir. Güç üretimi için mikro-gaz türbinlerinden faydalanma üzerine artan ilgi, bu sistemlerin geniş bir aralıkta işletme şartlarını sağlayabilmesi için, araştırmacıları çok etkin sistemler tasarlamaya yönlendirmektedir. Mikro güç üretim sistemlerini önemli kılan neden, yakıt bazlı güç üretim sistemlerinin hala en iyi şarj edilebilir güç üretim sistemlerinden 100 kat daha fazla enerji yoğunluğu içermesidir. Yakıt pillerinden beklenen yüksek verim iken mikro gaz türbinlerinden umulan yüksek güç yoğunluğunu sunmasıdır. Bu çalışmada, bir mikro gaz türbininin, belirli termal ve mekanik yüklemeler altında çalışma durumu bir benzetim programı kullanarak incelenmiştir ayrıca komponent geometrilerinin multidisipliner optimizasyon sonucu elde edilmesi anlatılmıştır.

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Yapılarda yangın güvenliği ve söndürme sistemleri

Bu çalışmada yapılardaki yangın güvenlik önlemleri ve yangınları söndürmek amacıyla kullanılan ya... more

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Liquid cooling applications on automotive exterior LED lighting

Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols, 2018

In this study cooling of a LED unit with heatsink and liquid cooling block which is used in autom... more In this study cooling of a LED unit with heatsink and liquid cooling block which is used in automotive head lamp applications has been investigated numerically and experimentally. Junction temperature of a LED which is cooled with heatsink and liquid cooling block obtained in the experiment. 23°C is used both in the simulation and the experiment phase. Liquid cooling block material is choosed aluminium (Al) and polyamide. All tests and simulation are performed with three different flow rate. Temperature distribution of the designed product is investigated by doing the numerical simulations with a commercially software. In the simulations, fluid flow is assumed to be steady, incompressible and laminar and 3 dimensional (3D) Navier-Stokes equations are used. According to the calculations it is obtained that junction temperature is higher in the heatsink design compared to block cooled one. By changing the block material, it is desired to investigate the variation on the LED junction temperature. It is found...

An Experimental Study on Adsorption Characteristics of R134a and R404a Onto Granular and Pellet-Type Activated Carbon

Elsevier eBooks, 2018

Abstract Relatively low-temperature renewable energy and industrial waste heat resources can be u... more Abstract Relatively low-temperature renewable energy and industrial waste heat resources can be used to configure a solid adsorption refrigeration or cooling system that has no destructive or harmful effects on the environment. Therefore, such a system has attracted much interest for researchers across the world. The physical adsorption phenomenon is a reversible process realized mainly within the cavities and pore surfaces of the solid adsorbent. It is known that the adsorption characteristics of an adsorbent–adsorbate pair are strongly related to variations in temperature and pressure. The objective of the current study was to investigate experimentally the adsorption characteristics of the refrigerants R134a and R404a onto activated carbon. An experimental setup working with a constant-volume variable pressure method was used in the experimental measurements. During the adsorption processes, data from experimental isotherms were obtained at different constant temperatures ranging from 293K to 323K while pressure varied from 0 to about 500 kPa. These data are useful for designing adsorption cooling and refrigeration systems. Commercially available granular and pellet-type activated carbon (AC) samples were considered in this work. Experimental measurements were performed for four different adsorbent–adsorbate pairs obtained by combining the adsorbents (granulated AC and pellet AC) and adsorbates (R134a and R404a). Adsorption parameters were evaluated from the measured isotherms to obtain correlations in the form of the Dubinin–Astakhov equation. The pressure and temperature dependence of the isosteric enthalpies of adsorption were computed by evaluating the measured data and the derived equations. Furthermore, the parameters of the correlations are provided for each adsorbent–adsorbate pair. Results are compared and discussed in detail.

Flow Between Contra-Rotating Discs

The paper describes a combined experimental and Cµ D ,C E1,Ce2 constants in turbulence model comp... more

format_quoteMultiple solutions exist for infinite-disc equations, but finite discs yield unique solutions based on enclosure type, affecting flow behavior predictions.format_quote

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Superposed flow between two discs contrarotating at differential speeds

International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, Dec 1, 1994

ABSTRACT This paper describes a combined computational and experimental study of the flow between... more ABSTRACT This paper describes a combined computational and experimental study of the flow between two contrarotating discs for −1 ≤ Γ ≤ 0 (where Γ is the ratio of the speed of the slower disc to that of the faster one) for the case where there is a superposed radial outflow of air. The computations were conducted using an elliptic solver and a low-Reynolds-number k-ϵ turbulence model, and velocity measurements were made using a laser-Doppler anenometry system. Two basic flow structures can occur: Batchelor-type flow, where there are separate boundary layers on each disc with a rotating core of fluid between, and Stewartson-type flow, where there is virtually no core rotation. The main effect of a superposed flow is to reduce the core rotation and to promote the transition from Batchelor-type flow to Stewartson-type flow. For most of the results, there is good agreement between the computed and measured velocities. Computed moment coefficients show that, for Γ = −1, superposed flow has little effect on Cm: an accepted correlation of Cm for a free disc should provide a useful estimate for design purposes.

Vazodilatasyonun insan fizyolojisine etkisi ve terleme ile karşılaştırılması

... alan faktörü h Isı geçiş katsayısı, W/(m2.K) hfg Suyun buharlaşma gizli ısısı, J/kg i Buhar g... more ... alan faktörü h Isı geçiş katsayısı, W/(m2.K) hfg Suyun buharlaşma gizli ısısı, J/kg i Buhar geçirgenlik verimi K İç vücut ile deri arasında etkin iletim katsayısı, W/(m2.K) LR Lewis oranı, °C/Pa m Vücut kütlesi, kg M Toplam metabolik ısı üretim oranı, W/m2 mx Kütlesel debi, kg/(sm2) ...

Dynamic simulation of HVAC system thermal loads in an automobile compartment

International Journal of Vehicle Design, 2010

Automobile compartments are exposed to unstable heat loads due to solar radiation, combined conve... more Automobile compartments are exposed to unstable heat loads due to solar radiation, combined convection, conduction and radiation heat transfer through the cabin surfaces, air exchange and metabolic heat production of the occupants. In this study, a dynamic model of the heat loads that affect the thermal behaviour of the automobile compartment was developed in a Matlab-Simulink environment. Solar irradiation on cabin surfaces and thermal interactions between the driver and cabin interior can be calculated by the model. In order to determine mean radiant temperature and direct solar irradiation absorbed by the driver, view factors between the person and the interior surrounding surfaces were obtained by using a 3-D CFD model of cabin and driver. Experiments were also performed and the simulation results were compared with the measured and the obtained experimental data available in the literature. The effects of colour (white and black) and windows' optical properties (transmissivity, reflectivity and absorptivity coefficients) on the thermal comfort were also investigated.

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Transitional flow between contra-rotating disks

Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Dec 25, 1994

This paper describes a combined computational and experimental study of the flow between contra-r... more This paper describes a combined computational and experimental study of the flow between contra-rotating disks for-1 6 r < 0 and Re, = lo5, where r is the ratio of the speed of the slower disk to that of the faster one and Re, is the rotational Reynolds number of the faster disk. For r = 0, the rotor-stator case, laminar and turbulent computations and experimental measurements show that laminar Batchelor-type flow occurs: there is radial outflow in a boundary layer on the rotating disk, inflow on the stationary disk and a rotating core of fluid between. For r=-1, the laminar computations produce Batchelor-type flow : there is radial outflow on both disks and inflow in a free shear layer in the mid-plane, on either side of which is a rotating core of fluid. The turbulent computations and the velocity measurements for r =-1 show Stewartson-type flow: radial outflow occurs in laminar boundary layers on the disks and inflow occurs in a non-rotating turbulent core between the boundary layers. For intermediate values of I-, transition from Batchelor-type flow to Stewartson-type flow is associated with a two-cell structure, the two-cells being separated by a streamline that stagnates on the slower disk; Batchelor-type flow occurs radially outward of the stagnation point and Stewartson-type flow radially inward. The turbulent computations are mainly in good agreement with the measured velocities for r = 0 and r =-1, where either Batchelor-type flow or Stewartson-type flow occurs; there is less good agreement at intermediate values of r, particularly for r =-0.4 where the double transition of Batchelor-type flow to Stewartson-type flow and laminar to turbulent flow occurs in the two-cell structure.

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A novel design of a dry clutch pressure plate for weight reduction without compromising its thermo-mechanical performance

International Journal of Vehicle Design, 2022

The temperature dependence of effective thermal conductivity of the samples of glass wool reinforced with aluminium foil

International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, Jul 1, 2010

In this study, the temperature dependence of effective thermal conductivity (ETC) for samples of ... more In this study, the temperature dependence of effective thermal conductivity (ETC) for samples of binary, ternary, and quadruple glass wools reinforced with aluminium foil was examined. The experiments were realized by the guarded hot plate in temperature differences of 5, 10 and 15°C and the temperatures of 25 and 40°C. The results revealed that in the case of reinforcing the aluminium foil, ETC increased with increasing the temperature or changing of temperature difference (5, and 15°C). Also, an increase of additional layers decrease its' influence on low temperature. Consequently, reflectivity materials may increase or reduce ETC.

Experimental investigation of thermal comfort and air quality in an automobile cabin during the cooling period

Heat and Mass Transfer, Feb 19, 2012

The air quality and thermal comfort strongly influenced by the heat and mass transfer take place ... more The air quality and thermal comfort strongly influenced by the heat and mass transfer take place together in an automobile cabin. In this study, it is aimed to investigate and assess the effects of air intake settings (recirculation and fresh air) on the thermal comfort, air quality satisfaction and energy usage during the cooling period of an automobile cabin. For this purpose, measurements (temperature, air velocity, CO 2 ) were performed at various locations inside the cabin. Furthermore, whole body and local responses of the human subjects were noted while skin temperatures were measured. A mathematical model was arranged in order to estimate CO 2 concentration and energy usage inside the vehicle cabin and verified with experimental data. It is shown that CO 2 level inside of the cabin can be greater than the threshold value recommended for the driving safety if two and more occupants exist in the car. It is also shown that an advanced climate control system may satisfy the requirements for the air quality and thermal comfort as well as to reduce the energy usage for the cooling of a vehicle cabin.

$Fig. 6 Comparison of average internal surface temperatures Yebn\U\cbn/ VEY — (ARN TE A Vebn)\\ atm ~~ “cbn/ + 0.038 Vexn. (3) According to ASHRAE Fundamentals [2], oxygen con- sumption for a typical person (V,.,,/0.83) varies between 0.5 to 1 l/min for moderate work activities. Infiltration rate (ACH x Vpn) can be taken equal to the volumetric flow rate of the ingoing air from the ventilation holes. Many vehicles have a physical limit on the minimum aperture of the fresh air intake damper, to avoid excessive CO, levels inside of the cabin. Therefore, ingoing air from the venti- lation holes increase significantly for the vehicles in motion in proportion to vehicle velocity also in recirculation cycle. Linear regression models for calculate the air change rate (ACH) in motion vehicles according to its velocity and ventilation rates are provided in the Knibbs study. Outdoor CO, levels Cam are usually between 350 and 450 ppm except heavily industrialized areas. Calculated values of interior cabin CO, concentration by using Eq. 3 are given in Fig. 7. There is a good agreement between the model predictions and experimental results. The time required for the renewal of the interior ambient air (from 1,200 ppm to 450 ppm) was also calculated as about 50 s.$

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