In this work, we tested basic propositions of the job demands-resources (JD-R) theory. The vignet... more In this work, we tested basic propositions of the job demands-resources (JD-R) theory. The vignette technique was applied. A 2 × 2 experimental design was used, defined by the following between-participants factors: resources (high vs. low) and demands (high vs. low). A specific scenario was devised for each cell of the experimental design. Participants were university students; the majority was enrolled in bachelor's or master's degrees in social or occupational psychology. A paper-and-pencil questionnaire was the study's tool. In analyzing data, ANOVA was applied, and mediation models were tested with path analysis. Validating basic propositions of the JD-R theory, findings showed that resources instigate a motivational process leading to work engagement and performance; they also reduce burnout (exhaustion). Demands, in contrast, lead to exhaustion and have a low (negative) impact on work engagement. Findings also showed the central role that basic need satisfaction (self-determination theory) plays in the association between job characteristics and work engagement and exhaustion.
Healthcare professionals tend to assign a lower human status to patients. We hypothesized that tw... more Healthcare professionals tend to assign a lower human status to patients. We hypothesized that two mindsets are responsible for this attribution: burnout (emotional exhaustion) and work engagement (vigor, dedication, and absorption in one's work). We predicted that exhaustion is negatively related to patient humanizing perceptions (Hypothesis
The aim of this study was to validate the Italian version of the workplace ostracism scale (WOS),... more The aim of this study was to validate the Italian version of the workplace ostracism scale (WOS), developed by Ferris and colleagues. Workplace ostracism (WO)-the perception of being ignored or excluded by colleagues or supervisors-is a painful experience that negatively impacts employees and the whole organization. We tested the unidimensional structure of the Italian WOS, its independence of social desirability issues, and invariance across genders and ages. We also tested the nomological validity of the WOS by considering ostracism as a job demand and including it in the job demands-resources (JD-R) theory. Method: A sample of Italian employees (N = 653), working for different organizations in several Italian regions, completed an online questionnaire. Data were analyzed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Network analysis was applied to test the nomological validity of the scale. Results: Findings confirmed the unifactor structure of the Italian WOS and its invariance. Social desirability only absorbed a limited portion of variance of ostracism items. Data also supported the nomological validity of the WOS, that is, the expected association of ostracism with basic need frustration, lower work engagement, altruism, and performance. Discussion: In the discussion, we clarified the advantages of conceiving ostracism as a job demand and using network analysis to verify the JD-R theory. Practical implications of findings in order to contain workplace ostracism were commented. KEYWORDS workplace ostracism, Italian WOS, nomological validity of the Italian WOS, workplace ostracism as a demand, job demands-resources theory, network analysis
Dans ce travail on a analysé la représentation sociale de Leader, Leadermanager et Leader politiq... more Dans ce travail on a analysé la représentation sociale de Leader, Leadermanager et Leader politique chez des étudiants de Psychologie. Les épisodes de corruption qui, au cours de ces dernières années, en Italie, ont vu l'implication de politiques et d'entrepreneurs ont rendu ce relevé intéressant. Du point de vue des méthodes, pour identifier le caractère figuratif de la représentation, on a proposé une procédure fondée sur le différenciateur sémantique. On a proposé, en outre, une procédure permettant d'identifier les opérateurs de relation, c'est-à-dire quelles connexions entre objet de représentation et concepts s'y rattachant sont présentes dans la représentation mentale. On a trouvé que seule la représentation de Leader politique résulte influencée par les épisodes récents de corruption. Enfin, on a discuté la validité et les insuffisances des procédures utilisées. In this study the social representation of Leader, Leader-manager and political Leader was analyzed in Psychology students. The episodes of corruption that, over the last years, have involved politicians and entrepreneurs in Italy have made this analysis interesting. With respect to the methods, to reveal the figurative nature of the representation, a procedure based on semantic differential was proposed. Also, a procedure was proposed which allowed us to identify the operators of relation, namely 1 Cette recherche a été effectuée avec les fonds CNR 95.04046. ct11 (1995). 2 Nous remercions un relecteur anonyme d'avoir soulevé ce problème relativement à la mesure de partage que nous avons suggérée. D. Capozza et al., La représentation sociale du leadership 1.2 which connections between the object of representation and the concepts linked to it are present in the mental representation. It was found that only the image of political Leader is influenced by the recent episodes of corruption. Finally, the validity and insufficiencies of the procedures applied were discussed. Les processus de communication sont centraux dans la théorie des représentations sociales. Les représentations sociales, en effet, sont interprétées comme des significations partagées; en outre, représenter signifie communiquer: on communique une image qui constitue une construction partagée de la réalité. Selon Moscovici, la communication implique divergence, concurrence, conflit entre représentations, et ce conflit apparaît particulièrement aigu lors des périodes de changement social. Modifier une représentation est toutefois un processus long non moins que difficile; il s'agit en effet de décomposer ce qui auparavant avait été construit. La difficulté du changement apparaît à travers cette étude, relative à la représentation sociale du leadership. L'intérêt à l'égard de ce sujet dérive de la crise de ce rôle au cours de ces dernières années. Les vicissitudes politico-judiciares qui ont caractérisé l'Italie ont en effet compromis une composante fondamentale du concept de leader: sa crédibilité, notamment la crédibilité du leader politique pour l'électorat, la crédibilité du leader manager pour les salariés. Une opinion répandue est que le leadership est lié au pouvoir; on estime pour autant que les personnes aspirent à occuper une position de leadership. Selon les analyses les plus récentes, le leader devrait au contraire accorder le pouvoir et induire les autres à exprimer leurs potentialités; il devrait être favorable au changement et stimuler les autres à l'accueillir. Selon D 'Egidio et Möller (1992), le leader "innovateur" devrait créer une culture du "nous", où tous agissent en vue d'un objectif commun en réalisant des synthèses efficaces entre objectifs entrepreneuriaux et objectifs personnels (voir aussi Badolato, 1993; David & Vicarelli, 1994;. Cette étude se propose de relever la signification du leadership pour les étudiants de psychologie qui suivent l'orientation du travail, sujets, ces derniers, qui envisagent comme possible un futur rôle de manager. Ce travail se pose par conséquent comme objectif d'identifier la représentation qu'ils ont de Leader, Leader-manager, Leader politique. On entend relever cette représentation dans ses composantes: information, champ de représentation et attitude, en faisant référence à la méthode de Le Bouedec (1984), fondée sur l'analyse multicomponentielle de . La recherche a aussi un objectif méthodologique: réaliser d'autres vérifications de procédures proposées pour relever le partage, le noyau central (Abric
In the context of the Stereotype Content Model, we investigate the "backward" inferential process... more In the context of the Stereotype Content Model, we investigate the "backward" inferential process that leads from the competence stereotype to the structural attribute of status. Three hypotheses were tested: (1) Perceived competence affects attributions of status; (2) the less competent group is perceived as warmer (compensation effect); (3) membership leads to ingroup status enhancement. Two minimal groups were created; groups' competence and membership were manipulated. Findings supported the hypotheses: Group status was rated higher when the target group was described as competent; groups were rated warmer when lower in competence; group status was rated higher by members than non-members.
International Journal of Intercultural Relations, Nov 1, 2015
We conducted an experimental intervention aimed at comparing the effectiveness of direct and imag... more We conducted an experimental intervention aimed at comparing the effectiveness of direct and imagined intergroup contact. Italian elementary school children took part in a three-week intervention with dependent variables assessed one week after the last intervention session. Results revealed that direct and imagined intergroup contact, compared to control conditions of direct and imagined intragroup contact, had an additive impact when it came to reducing negative stereotypes of immigrants and fostering future helping intentions toward this group. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
Attachment theory states that the quality of interaction experienced in early childhood with prim... more Attachment theory states that the quality of interaction experienced in early childhood with primary caregivers contributes to form trust beliefs in adulthood. Securely attached individuals embrace positive self-esteem and trust others; insecurely attached individuals may lack this sense of confidence in oneself (anxiety) or, alternatively, in others (avoidance). Beyond the impact of attachment on a variety of social situations, from romantic to caregiving partnerships, in recent years, attachment theory has been introduced to explain some of the psychological mechanisms involved in group dynamics. The present paper aims to review published studies examining the role of adult attachment in shaping group relations, cognitions, and behaviors. Despite its recency, research on attachment styles and social groups provides a set of convincing results, which are here presented and briefly summarized in the general discussion to suggest future avenues for research, on both group and organizational psychology.
Umanizzazione di persone con disabilità intellettiva: Una strategia per favorire avvicinamento e contatto
Favoritismo implicito per il proprio gruppo: Gli effetti dell’identificazione
... IMPLICIT INGROUP BIAS THE EFFECTS OF IDENTIFICATION Rossella Falvo* , Dora Capozza* , John F.... more ... IMPLICIT INGROUP BIAS THE EFFECTS OF IDENTIFICATION Rossella Falvo* , Dora Capozza* , John F. Dovidio**, Loris Vezzali* ... Un assunto basilare della teoria è che il bisogno di autostima porti a operare al fine di costruire o proteggere il va-lore dell'identità. ...
Determinants of acculturation strategies in the Italian host community
Introduction to "Recent developments in dehumanization research" (special issue on Dehumanization)
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