AWS Podcast Series

Dr.Pete and Shane are back again with another episode of AWS TechChat! Tune in to find out more about price reductions and the latest AWS updates around Amazon EC2, AWS Storage Gateway, Multi Factor Authentication with Universal 2nd Factor (U2F), AWS Lambda, AWS WAF and Amazon Aurora.

In another exciting episode of AWS TechChat, hosts Dean and Gabe share, the latest AWS events, key releases such as AWS X-Ray adding support for controlling sampling rate from the X-Ray console, Amazon API Gateway adding support for AWS X-Ray, Amazon WorkSpaces Web Access and, dive deep into system observability and hybrid IT.

Join Dr Pete and Shane in the latest episode of AWS TechChat as, they share quick wins to save time and money! They share six quick wins from updating your Amazon EC2 instances, using Amazon Aurora for Auto Scaling, managing and measuring your free tier usage with the free tier widget, reducing time spent on application development with Serverless Bot Framework and AWS Amplify, upgrading to Amazon Redshift DC2 Reserved Instances to the price reduction of Amazon Lightsail.

In this latest episode of AWS TechChat, hosts Olivier and Dean discuss how AWS enables you to innovate quickly with the latest from AWS PrivateLink, Amazon CloudFront, VPC endpoints, AWS Greengrass, AWS Snowball Edge, AWS Fargate, Amazon SageMaker and Amazon Transcribe.

Unable to attend some of your favourite AWS events? Join Dr Pete and Shane as they kick off the 30th episode of AWS TechChat on the latest events, update of AWS stats and dive into deep tech details around AWS landing zones, Amazon API Gateway, Storage Gateway, Application Load Balancer, Amazon Linux, Amazon EMR and AWS DeepLens.

In the latest episode of AWS TechChat, we welcome onboard Gabe Hollombe as a co-host. Join Dean and Gabe as they start the episode with the latest AWS stats, general availability of Amazon Neptune, Amazon EKS and Amazon Sumerian. They then go into the latest from Amazon Cognito, AWS AppSync, AWS MobileHub, AWS CodeBuild, AWS CodePipeline, Amazon SQS, Application Load Balancer and Amazon SageMaker.

In the latest episode of AWS TechChat, Dr. Pete and Shane share with you some of the latest AWS Stats, how you can optimize CPUs for Amazon EC2 instance, updates and announcements around AWS Elastic Beanstalk, AWS Auto Scaling, Amazon SNS, Amazon Aurora, Amazon ECS, registry of open data on AWS, opportunities for cost savings for Amazon RDS, AWS Certified Security Exam and AWS Database Migration Service.

Missed the AWS Summits? We bring you AWS TechChat from the AWS Summit Sydney! In the first episode of TechChat TV, hear Dr Pete & Dean Samuels share what’s new at AWS.

Watch this session on TechChat TV.

In this episode of AWS TechChat, we welcome Shane Baldacchino to the line-up of AWS TechChat hosts! Dr Pete & Shane kick off this episode with updates on the AWS infrastructure and, dive into the latest from IoT and Machine Learning at AWS with news around Amazon EC2 H1 Instances, Amazon SageMaker, AWS DeepLens, AWS Greengrass ML Inference, Amazon FreeRTOS, AWS IoT Device Management, Amazon Rekognition Video, Amazon Transcribe, Amazon Translate, and Amazon Comprehend.

Hosts Oli and Dean, bring you the latest episode of AWS TechChat where they kick it off with updates from AWS re:Invent 2017, how to keep up to date with AWS and the new AWS regions. They then dive into AWS Database services such as Amazon DynamoDB, Amazon Neptune, Amazon Aurora and, AWS Compute services such as Amazon EC2, Amazon ECS and AWS Lambda.

Tune into the latest episode of AWS TechChat, as it kicks off with some interesting news around Artificial Intelligence (AI), latest updates and announcements around Amazon EC2 P3 Instances, Apache MXNet Release, Amazon EC2 C5 Instances, AWS Deep Learning AMI, Amazon Kinesis Analytics, Amazon API Gateway, Amazon Aurora, Preview of Performance Insights, Amazon Athena, AWS Shield, AWS Direct Connect and, information around AI related sessions at AWS re: Invent 2017. 

Joining Pete and Oli as a co-host from this episode is Dean Samuels, Solutions Architect Manager, HKT, AWS. In this latest episode, Pete and Dean round up the latest around Amazon CloudFront, AWS WAF, Amazon EC2 Spot, Windows Server for Amazon LightSail, Microsoft SQL Server for Amazon EC2, Lifecycle Policies for Amazon EC2 Container Registry, Amazon Database Migration Service, Amazon Redshift, Amazon DynamoDB Accelerator and Gluon, Application Load Balancer and AWS Marketplace.

Join host Oli in the latest episode of AWS TechChat as he speaks with special guest, Dean Samuels, Solutions Architect Manager, HKT, AWS. Oli and Dean dive into the latest updates and announcements around Network Load Balancer, Amazon Lex, Amazon EC2 Systems Manager, AWS Greengrass, Per-Second billing, Middle East Region, Apache MXNet, and Prime Day 2017.

Join host Dr Pete in the latest episode of AWS TechChat, as he shares the information and updates around VMware on AWS, improvements to signing into your AWS Account, Amazon Route 53, Elastic Load Balancing, Amazon VPC, Amazon EC2, Amazon SES, Amazon RDS, Amazon CloudWatch, AWS CloudFormation, AWS Elastic Beanstalk, Amazon Lex, New Quick Starts on deploying IBM MQ on AWS and deploying NGNIX Plus on the AWS Cloud.

In the exciting 20th episode of AWS TechChat, hosts Dr Pete and Oli take listeners through new service announcements of AWS Migration Hub, Amazon Macie, AWS CloudTrail Event History, AWS Glue, launch of edge locations for Amazon CloudFront, general availability of Lambda@Edge and VPC endpoints for Amazon DynamoDB, updates and information around Amazon EFS, NOAA GOES-R on AWS, UK Met Office Forecast Data, New Quick Start, AWS CodeCommit, introducing AWS SAM Local and AWS CodeDeploy.

In the latest episode of AWS TechChat, Dr.Pete welcomes Olivier Klein as the new co-host. The hosts kick off the episode with, information and updates around Amazon Connect, Amazon WorkSpaces, AWS Direct Connect, AWS Web Application Firewall (WAF), AWS Config, Amazon Kinesis, New Quick Start, Amazon CloudWatch, Amazon EC2 Systems Manager, Amazon Athena, Amazon Route 53 and wrap it up with an Amazon Connect demo.

Join Dr Pete and Russ in the latest episode of AWS TechChat as they share security best practices and news around Amazon Rekognition, Amazon DynamoDB, Amazon ECS, AWS Greengrass, Amazon SQS, AWS CodeStar, AWS Lambda, AWS X-Ray, Amazon Aurora, Amazon RDS, Amazon EMR and AWS Deep Learning AMIs.

In this action packed episode of AWS TechChat, hosts Dr. Pete and Russ share the latest announcements around Amazon EC2 P2 instances, Amazon LightSail, updates around Remote Desktop Gateway, Amazon Athena, Amazon Elasticsearch, Amazon Aurora, Amazon RDS, Amazon CloudFront, HIPAA eligible services, Amazon Cognito, Amazon QuickSight, AWS Serverless Application, IAM policy summaries and new AWS Certification Specialty exams. 

From new announcements to service updates, hosts Dr. Pete and Russ bring you another packed episode of AWS TechChat. In this episode, they take you through the announcement of new edge locations, updates to Amazon QuickSIght, AWS CloudTrail, AWS Marketplace, Amazon WorkMail, Amazon EMR, Amazon RDS, AWS Schema Conversion Tool, AWS Organizations, Elastic Load Balancing, AWS Deep Learning, Amazon Simple Queue System (SQS), Amazon Chime, AWS Lambda and introduce, AWS and Ionic’s Mobile Web and Hybrid Application on GitHub.

Join Dr. Pete and Russ in another episode of AWS TechChat as they discuss the latest AWS announcements and updates around AWS CodeStar, Amazon Redshift, Amazon EC2, Amazon DynamoDB, AWS Database Migration, AWS X-Ray, Amazon Aurora, Amazon Rekognition, Amazon Polly, Amazon Lex, Amazon Mobile Hub Integration, AWS Lambda, AWS Marketplace and Simplified Pricing API.

Useful Links:
AWS CodeStar

Amazon Redshift Spectrum

FPGA Amazon EC2 F1 instances

Amazon DynamoDB Accelerator

VPC Endpoints for Amazon DynamoDB

AWS Database Migration Service Adds Support for MongoDB and Amazon DynamoDB

AWS X-Ray Now Supports Tracing for AWS Lambda

Amazon Aurora with PostgreSQL Compatibility

Detect Explicit or Suggestive Adult Content using Amazon Rekognition

Amazon Polly Introduces a new Whispered Voice Tag, and Speech Marks

Amazon Lex

AWS Mobile Hub Integration with Amazon Lex

AWS Lambda Supports Tagging and Cost Allocations

AWS Marketplace Copy to Service Catalog is Now Available

Simplified Pricing API

Tune into the latest episode of AWS TechChat as special guest Adrian Cockcroft, Vice President, Cloud Architecture Strategy, AWS joins our hosts Dr Pete and Russ to talk about Innovation, Architecture and the AWS Cloud. 

In this episode, Dr Pete and Russ run through a round-up of the latest AWS updates and announcements including the launch of the new Zurich edge location, the general availability of Amazon Cloud Directory, updates to Move over JSON, AWS Lambda, Amazon ECS, Amazon WorkDocs, AWS Cryptography, Amazon CloudWatch, Amazon EMR, Amazon ElastiCache, Databases, Deep Learning, Amazon Elastic File System and Amazon EC2 reserved Instances.

Useful Links:
Amazon CloudFront Global Edge Locations

Amazon Cloud Directory API

AWS CloudTrail

Amazon Cloud Directory

AWS Free Tier

IAM console

Move Over JSON – Policy Summaries Make Understanding IAM Policies Easier

Understanding Policy Summaries in the AWS Management Console

Amazon services 

AWS Lambda documentation

Amazon WorkDocs Administrative SDK

AWS Cryptography announces AWS Encryption SDK for Python

Amazon CloudWatch Events

AWS Step Functions

Amazon EC2 Run Command 

Amazon EMR announces instance fleets for Amazon EC2 Spot instances and Spot blocks

Amazon EMR release 5.4.0 and support for R4 instances now available

Amazon ElastiCache Launches Enhanced Redis Backup and Restore with Cluster Resizing

Amazon Aurora Cuts Entry-Level Pricing in Half with Support for T2.Small Instances

Amazon Aurora Announces Encryption Support for Globally Distributed Database Deployments

Amazon Aurora Supports Cross-Account Encrypted Snapshot Sharing

AWS Database Migration Service Enables Individual Table Reload

Deep Learning AMI release v1.2 for Ubuntu and Updated AWS CloudFormation Template Now Available

Deep Learning AMI release v2.0 now Available for Amazon Linux

Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) Available in Asia Pacific (Sydney) Region

Amazon EC2 Reserved Instances

In the latest episode of AWS TechChat, hosts Dr Pete and Russ start off by announcing the new edge location in Philadelphia for Amazon CloudFront and the availability of Amazon Chime. They also take you through the latest services and feature updates around Amazon Elastic Block Store, Amazon API Gateway, AWS Organizations, Amazon Relational Database Service, AWS Schema, Amazon Redshift, Amazon Elasticsearch Service, New Quick Start, Amazon EC2, AWS Key Management Service, AWS Lambda, AWS Elastic Beanstalk, Amazon GameLift, Amazon DynamoDB, Amazon QuickSIght, Amazon Rekognition and AWS Direct Connect.
 
Useful Links:

New Edge Location in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania for Amazon CloudFront

Announcing Amazon Chime: Frustration-free online meetings with exceptional audio and video quality

Amazon Elastic Block Store Enables Live Volume Modifications with Elastic Volumes

AWS Key Management Service now supports tagging of keys

AWS Lambda Adds Enhanced Visibility into Stream-based Processing Operations

Amazon API Gateway Integration with AWS Step Functions

AWS Organizations Now Generally Available

New Amazon EC2 Spot Advisor and Spot fleets now support Health Checks

Amazon DynamoDB now supports automatic item expiration with Time-to-Live (TTL)  

AWS Schema Conversion Tool Exports from Oracle and Teradata Data Warehouses to Amazon Redshift

Amazon Redshift now supports encrypting unloaded data using Amazon S3 server-side encryption with AWS KMS keys
 
Amazon Elasticsearch Service now supports additional instance types and up to 30 TB EBS capacity per domain

Amazon QuickSight now supports Scheduled Refresh of SPICE data

Estimate Age Range using Amazon Rekognition and View CloudWatch Metrics  

New Quick Start deploys an architecture that supports HIPAA Phase 1 and 2 on the AWS Cloud

Attach an IAM role to your existing Amazon EC2 instance

AWS Direct Connect announces support for Link Aggregation

Hosts, Dr Pete and Russ kick off the latest episode of AWS TechChat with a round up on the AWS global Infrastructure, global network, price reductions and, number of new services and features we have launched. They will also take you through exciting announcements on Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) support for Amazon EC2 instances in Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (VPC), AWS Lambda, AWS Elastic Beanstalk, Amazon Elastic Container Service, Amazon Elasticsearch, Amazon Elastic MapReduce, Amazon Relational Database Services and Amazon Workspaces
 
Resources:

AWS Lambda
AWS:: Serverless::Function
AWS:: Serverless::Api
AWS:: Serverless::SimpleTable
AWS Serverless Application Model
Dead Letter Queues

AWS Elastic Beanstalk
AWS Elastic Beanstalk Support for Restoring Terminated Environments
AWS X-Ray 

BIG DATA
Amazon Elasticsearch
Amazon Elasticsearch Service 
Amazon Elasticsearch Service free tier now available on t2.small.elasticsearch instances
Elasticsearch 5 now available on Amazon Elasticsearch Service
Amazon Elasticsearch Service now supports phonetic analysis

Amazon Elastic MapReduce
Apache Spark 2.1.0 and updates to Apache Hive and Hue now available on Amazon EMR release 5.3.0

Amazon Redshift
Amazon Redshift announces improved Workload Management console experience

Amazon Relational Database Service
Amazon RDS for Oracle Supports Outbound Network Access Using Custom DNS Servers
Amazon RDS for Oracle 
Amazon DNS service 
Easy Migration from RDS MySQL to Aurora
Amazon RDS for MySQL 
Amazon Aurora 
Amazon RDS now supports Read Replicas of Encrypted Database Instances across Regions
read replicas
Amazon RDS 
MariaDB
MySQL 
PostgreSQL 
AWS Key Management Service (KMS)

Dr Pete and Russ Nash continue their round-up of the best highlights of the new AWS services announcements made from re:Invent 2016. Wishing our listeners a most happy and safe holiday season.  

[ARTIFICAL INTELLIGENCE ]
Amazon Polly – New Service

A service that turns text into lifelike speech. It supports 24 languages and 47 lifelike voices. Create apps that talk, enabling you to build entirely new categories of speech-enabled products. Learn More »

Amazon Rekognition - New Service

A service that makes it easy to add image analysis to your applications. With Rekognition, you can detect objects, scenes, and faces in images. You can also search and compare faces. Learn More »

Amazon Lex – New Service

A service for building conversational interfaces using voice and text. With Lex, the same deep learning engine that powers Alexa is now available to any developer, enabling you to bring sophisticated, natural language chatbots to new and existing applications. Learn More »

[ SECURITY ]
AWS Shield – New Service

AWS Shield is a managed DDoS protection service that safeguards your web applications using Elastic Load Balancing (ELB), Amazon CloudFront, and Amazon Route 53. Learn More »

[ COMPUTE ]
Lambda@Edge – New Feature

Lets you run code at CloudFront edge locations without provisioning or managing servers. This allows developers to deliver a low latency user experience for customized web applications. Learn More »

AWS Batch – New Service (Preview)

AWS Batch enables developers, scientists, and engineers to easily and efficiently run hundreds of thousands of batch computing jobs on AWS. Learn More »

[ DEVELOPER TOOLS ]
AWS CodeBuild – New Service

AWS CodeBuild builds and tests code in the cloud. CodeBuild scales continuously, so your builds are not left waiting in a queue. You are charged by the minute for the compute resources you use. Learn More »

AWS X-Ray – New Service
Helps developers analyze and debug production, distributed applications, such as those built using a microservices architecture. With X-Ray, you can understand how your application and its underlying services are performing to identify and troubleshoot the root cause of performance issues and errors. Learn More »

[ APPLICATION SERVICES ]
AWS Step Functions – New Service

Makes it easy to coordinate the components of distributed applications and microservices using visual workflows. Learn More »

[ MANAGEMENT TOOLS ]
AWS Personal Health Dashboard – New Service

Gives you a personalized view of AWS service health. You’ll get alerts when services you are using are impacted, and guidance to help keep your AWS resources healthy. Learn More »

[ CONTAINERS ]
Blox – Open Source scheduler for Amazon ECS

Blox is a collection of open source software that enables customers to build custom schedulers and integrate third-party schedulers on top of ECS. Learn More »

[ MOBILE SERVICES ]
Amazon Pinpoint – New Service

Amazon Pinpoint makes it easy to run targeted push notification campaigns to improve user engagement in mobile apps. You can use Pinpoint to define your target segments, run your campaign, and measure results. Learn More »

[ ANALYTICS ]
AWS Glue – New Service

A fully managed ETL service that makes it easy to understand your data sources, prepare the data, and load it reliably to data stores. It simplifies and automates data discovery, transformation, and job scheduling tasks. Learn More »

For the AWS and tech aficionados, Dr Pete and Russ Nash delivers some of the best highlights of the new services announcements made from re:Invent 2016. With more than 130 announcements made, episode #9 offers the most titillating updates that would leave any techy feeling like Christmas has come early!

[ COMPUTE ]
Amazon EC2 R4 - New Instance Type

• The latest generation of Memory Optimized instances which are 20% more price performant than R3 instances. Learn More »
  

Amazon EC2 T2 - New Instance Type

• You can now launch t2.xlarge and t2.2xlarge, the newest Amazon EC2 burstable-performance instances. Learn More »
  

Amazon EC2 I3 – New Instance Type

• I3 instances are the latest generation of Storage Optimized High I/O instances, featuring NVMe based SSDs for the most demanding I/O intensive relational, NoSQL, transactional, and analytics workloads. Learn More »
  

Amazon EC2 C5 – New Instance Type

• Next-generation compute optimized instance. Learn More »
  

Amazon EC2 F1 – New Instance Type

• A new compute instance with programmable hardware for application acceleration. With F1, you can directly access custom FPGA hardware on the instance in a few clicks. Learn More »
  

Amazon EC2 Elastic GPUs – New Feature

• Ability to add high performance graphics acceleration to existing EC2 instance types, with your choice of 1 GiB to 8 GiB of GPU memory and compute power to match. Learn More »
  

Amazon LightSail – New Service

• When sometimes you just want a server. A fast and easy way to get a virtual private server with the memory, storage and networking your project requires. Learn More »
  

[ ANALYTICS ]
Amazon Athena – New Service

• An interactive query service that makes it easy to analyze data in Amazon S3 using SQL. Athena is serverless, so there is no infrastructure to manage. You pay only for the queries you run. Learn More »
  

[ DATABASES ]
Amazon Aurora – New Features

• Now PostgreSQL compatible. Get up to twice the performance of the typical PostgreSQL database and the features you love in Amazon Aurora. Learn More »
  

[ INTERNET OF THINGS ]
AWS Greengrass – Software for Connected Devices

• Software that lets you run local compute, messaging & data caching for connected devices. Learn More »
  

[ STORAGE ]
AWS SnowBall Edge – New Service

• A petabyte-scale data transfer service with on-board storage and compute. Learn More »
  

AWS SnowMobile – New Service

• An exabyte-scale data transfer service used to move extremely large amounts of data. Learn More »
  

[ DESKTOP & APP STREAMING ]
Amazon AppStream 2.0

• Allows you to stream desktop apps securely from the AWS cloud directly to users on the device of their choice, eliminating the need to rewrite desktop apps for the cloud. Learn More »
  

[ MANAGEMENT TOOLS ]
Amazon EC2 Systems Manager – New Service

• A management service that helps you automatically collect software inventory, apply Windows OS patches, create system images, and configure Windows and Linux operating systems. Learn More »
  

Our hosts geek out with Adrian De Luca, Head of Solution Architecture for partners and ecosystem for Asia-Pacific. They chat about all things related to AWS partners, including the different levels and types (in the vicinity of tens of thousands world-wide) and their key role in shifting workloads onto the AWS cloud and providing exceptional experience for customers that are scaling on AWS. They also cover some great partner activities happening across the globe as well as some recent key announcements made with IBM, CommVault, VMware and Atlassian. Happy listening!

• Find AWS partners, visit AWS Partner Network
• Find out about training and accreditation for AWS Partners
• The “app store” for the enterprise, visit: AWS Marketplace
• QuickStart links: Atlassian, Microsoft, SAP HANA
• Find out more about how you can run VMware workloads on AWS
• Email aws-anz-amazon@amazom.com to find out more about AWS Bootcamps

By popular demand, Dr Pete and Russ Nash serves up a mammoth update covering the latest technical news and announcements from AWS, covering:

• The 38th AWS availability zone opening in East Ohio US
• New P2 instance type for Amazon EC2, Grace Hopper + GPU specs
  
• Deep Learning AMI
• Aurora + Lambda
• EMR, HDFS and Snowball
• AWS Server Migration Service
• DevOps with new CloudFormation extensions
• PowerShell everywhere + AWS Powershell Core on Linux/Mac, C++ SDK
• And a huge focus on IPv6 DNS, S3, WAF, including a trick and tips segment for using ipv6
  

Stay up to date on the cloud topics that matter to you most. Dr Pete and Russ Nash chat about Aussie Rules Football and the last 10 years of AWS with Dr Werner Vogels, VP and CTO of Amazon.com during his recent trip to Australia.

Stay up to date on the cloud topics that matter to you most. Dr Pete and Russ Nash offers up a monstrous round-up of AWS news and services updates, spanning from performance enhancements, price reductions and software dev updates. Tune in to get across the most significant updates from AWS.

Topics covered:

• Reader End Point for Amazon Aurora
• Amazon RDS for Oracle and SQL
• Announcing Application Load Balancer for Elastic Load Balancing
• Amazon EC2 Container Service (ECS) now supporting additional Docker features
• Amazon ECR update
• AWS Elastic Beanstalk support updates
• Amazon EMR 5.0 Release
• Introducing Amazon Kinesis Analytics
• Amazon Elasticsearch Service now supports Elasticsearch 2.3
• And more!
  

A special guest joins Dr Pete and Russ in this episode, which is sure to excite the developers among you! Developer-at-heart, Adam Larter, Specialist Solutions Architect from AWS, chats to our hosts about the latest news impacting the developer community from AWS. Covering hot topics like AWS IoT, the serverless framework and the growing momentum of AWS Lambda & API Gateway since launching in 2014. Adam also offers up tips to how you can get started by leveraging AWS SDKs to develop, create and manage applications built on AWS. Take advantage of a great number of resources available to help you get started (listed below) – there’s never been a better time to build!

Getting Started:
· AWS SDK
· AWS Lambda
· AWS IoT
· AWS Documentation

Learn more:
· Visit the AWS Developer Blog
· View course info on Developing on AWS

Dr Pete and Russ deliver another rich round-up of recent AWS news. They cover India's recent AWS Region launch, the latest services and feature updates around EC2 with Elastic Network Adaptor, Run Command, Elastic File System (EFS), Python Serverless Microframework for AWS, as well as Mobile Hub, Lumberyard, Database Migration, Aurora and a whole lot more. They are also joined by a special guest from APAC Certification and Training,
Ash Willis. Ash joins our hosts to chat about honing your cloud skills, and best practice tips to get you started on your AWS certification journey. All this and more - be sure to tune in!

In this episode, Dr Pete and Russ run through a round-up of the latest AWS updates, including: EC2 longer instance IDs, EC2 console screenshots, RDS Multi-AZ for SQL Server, RDS cross region replication for Aurora, the new EMR release including Apache Tez and Apache Phoenix, new high throughput EBS volume types and S3 Transfer Acceleration. They also take a closer look at the applications and benefits of resource tagging. All this and and more – be sure to tune in!

AWS TechChat debuts with discussions on the exciting AWS announcements made at AWS Summit Sydney (27 – 28 April, 2016). Dr Pete and Russell Nash are joined by Ajay Nair and Stefano Buliani from the AWS product team, to chat about the significance of large-scale data transport solution, AWS Snowball, and the upcoming launches of AWS Lambda and Amazon API Gateway and what this means to Australian and New Zealand customers.