Adjustment Problems

Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar las relaciones entre el afecto/rechazo y los tipos de disciplina que muestran tanto el padre como la madre y los problemas internalizantes y externalizantes que informan los estudiantes universitarios.

Research in the West has identified a number of adjustment problems for international students. This has helped student administrators in these countries and their international students to take informed measures that help make international student sojourn much bearable. Unfortunately, very little is known regarding international student adjustment issues in developing countries. This study examined data from 120 international students of a South African university in order to determine their adjustment challenges. Results suggest that respondents experienced numerous adjustment problems similar to those encountered internationally, thus global measures may be borrowed to mitigate problems common to South African universities.

El presente trabajo trata algunos de los temas actuales con los que se enfrentan los profesionales e investigadores al comprender las diferencias en el sexo del niño que se adapta al divorcio. Las diferencias de género en la adaptación evolutiva del niño ante el divorcio se encuentran influenciadas por los procesos de desarrollo previos y posteriores al divorcio, las expectativas de los padres y la habilidad del niño para hacerle frente. Investigaciones actuales indican que los niños y las niñas se ven afectados de forma diferente por el divorcio, donde los niños experimentan un desajuste mayor a los procesos relacionados con el divorcio. Se brindan recomendaciones para los profesionales que trabajan con los niños del divorcio y sus familias en el hogar y en la escuela.

La literatura moderna sobre desarrollo humano señala que cuanto más temprano en la vida de las personas se invierte en aumentar y equiparar habilidades, mayores las probabilidades de desarrollo humano y movilidad social. El desarrollo temprano de las personas está enmarcado en su contexto social más cercano, es decir, en la familia. La familia es el primer ámbito del desarrollo humano y también de la desigualdad. Es fundamental estudiar a las familias para entender los mecanismos del desarrollo humano y de reproducción de la pobreza. Este documento da un paso en dicha dirección con énfasis en la conexión entre características y estructuras familiares y el desarrollo de niños y jóvenes. Se documenta que las familias están cambiando; que dicho cambio refuerza patrones divergentes de formación y duración de parejas y de fecundidad entre personas de alto y bajo nivel económico y educativo; y que dichas diferencias de contexto podrían ser un factor importante en el desarrollo de los niño...

This study looked into the self-esteem, self-regulation, educational aspirations and priority concerns of the 226 SGP-PA grantees at West Visayas State University. Results revealed that the respondents had low self-esteem; mostly average self-regulation except those from the provinces of Antique and Guimaras who had poor self-regulation. Generally, they had moderate educational aspirations but high for those with average family size. Their topmost priority concern was their studies and the least was specific social issues. As to their studies, their topmost concern was: understanding their lessons and the least was working with classmates on projects. As regards self-development, planning their lives was topmost while knowing and understanding themselves was the least. As to family relationships, the topmost concern was improving their relationship with their siblings and least was teaching their parents how to handle their children effectively. In the area of social relationships, the topmost was developing their skills for starting/ maintaining friendships and the least was getting rid of their fear of social situations. On specific social issues, their topmost concern was handling adjustments caused by financial crises, and the least was learning more about sexual abuse/harassment. Finally, significant differences existed only in the level of educational aspirations according to grantees' family size; none were observed in the level of self-esteem and self-regulation. As gleaned from these results, appropriate intervention program on self-development may be designed for the grantees of the program.

This mixed-method research examined the relationship of adjustment problems, coping strategies, and protective factors on the academic performance of the ESGP-PA grantees enrolled at West Visayas State University, during the Academic year 2015-2016. In the qualitative phase, 12 grantees participated in the focus group discussion while 189 served as respondents in the quantitative phase. Themes and ideas were generated from the oral narratives. The pieces of information derived from the FGD were the bases in constructing the three survey instruments; namely, the Adjustment Problems Questionnaire (APQ), Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CPQ) and Protective Factors Questionnaire (PFQ). Mean, rank and standard deviation were used for descriptive statistical analysis while the t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson's r and multiple linear regression were employed for inferential statistical analysis. Significance level was set at .05. The qualitative results revealed that the grantees encountered various adjustment problems in the following areas: personal/self, social/interpersonal, academic and environmental. The grantees employed coping strategies in dealing with their adjustment problems. Moreover, the grantees identified their families, the school, and community to offer moral and financial support to the grantees. The quantitative results revealed that there was a very small negative correlation between adjustment problems and coping strategies, moderately small positive correlation between coping strategies and protective factors, and small positive correlation between academic performance and coping strategies. Among the identified variables, only the coping strategies, was a significant predictor of academic performance.

Theory and research indicate considerable influence of socio-emotionally significant experiences on children's functioning and adaptation. In the current study, we examined neurophysiological correlates of children's allocation of information processing resources to socio-emotionally significant events, specifically, simulated marital interactions. We presented 9-to 11-year-old children (n = 24; 11 females) with 15 videos of interactions between two actors posing as a married couple. Task-irrelevant brief auditory probes were presented during the videos, and eventrelated potentials (ERPs) elicited to the auditory probes were measured. As hypothesized, exposure to higher levels of interparental conflict was associated with smaller P1, P2, and N2 ERPs to the probes. This finding is consistent with the idea that children who had been exposed to more interparental conflict attended more to the videos and diverted fewer cognitive resources to processing the probes, thereby producing smaller ERPs to the probes. In addition, smaller N2s were associated with more child behavior problems, suggesting that allocating fewer processing resources to the probes was associated with more problem behavior. Results are discussed in terms of implications of socio-emotionally significant experiences for children's processing of interpersonal interactions.

Resumen. En el presente artículo se discute sobre la perspectiva y la experiencia que niños y niñas, tienen ante el conflicto interparental posdivorcio desde un enfoque de Psicología del Desarrollo culturalmente sensible. A partir de la producción del autor, se pasa revista de los principales constructos teóricos que contextúan culturalmente la discusión del tema del parentaje (crianza) en familias posdivorcio. Seguidamente se profundiza en la actualidad de la investigación sobre el tema de las relaciones con las figuras parentales, particularmente con las no residentes y se enlaza tanto con una perspectiva del desarrollo individual como de las relaciones de parentaje. Las reflexiones apuntan a un acercamiento de la experiencia relacional y subjetiva, así como a elementos propios de la investigación y de aspectos a tomar en cuenta en una eventual intervención clínica con niños y niñas de dichos contextos.Palabras clave: Creencias y prácticas parentales, parentaje y conflicto posdivo...

El objetivo de este estudio es comprobar la validez del modelo sistémico como modelo teórico explicativo de la relación existente entre el conflicto matrimonial y la adaptación de los hijos. Para ello se cuenta con la participación de 3957 estudiantes (50,2% mujeres, 49,8% hombres; Edad media= 15,68 años), a quienes se valora a través de cuestionario las siguientes variables: el conflicto matrimonial percibido por parte de los hijos (CPIC), las relaciones padres-hijos/as (CRPBI), el bienestar-malestar psicológico de los/as hijos/as (YSR), el rendimiento académico (CDE) y la satisfacción familiar (FS). Los modelos de regresión jerárquica consiguen explicar un 25,6% de la varianza del malestar emocional de los hijos y un 25,5% de las dificultades escolares. Los modelos de estructura de covarianza (CFI, GFI y AGFI > 0,90) permiten concluir que el principal impacto sobre el malestar psicológico de los/as hijos/as lo ejerce de forma directa el conflicto, mientras que sobre las dificultades escolares lo ejerce el propio malestar psicológico. Asimismo, el tipo de relaciones parento-filiales aparecen como moduladores de los efectos principales, siendo las relaciones basadas en la hostilidad las de mayor influencia en el malestar psicológico, y las basadas en el amor las de mayor efecto sobre el rendimiento académico.

Problemas conductuales en preescolares chilenos: Percepción de las madres y del personal educativo * Behavior Problems in Chilean Preschool Children: Perceptions of Mothers and Educational Staff Chilenos problemas de comportamento pré-escolar: Percepções de mães e os professores

espanolEl presente estudio tiene como objetivo examinar si existen diferencias en la sintomatologia depresiva de los preadolescentes espanoles en funcion de la estructura familiar y de la conflictividad interparental percibida. Participaron 632 preadolescentes con edades comprendidas entre 10 y 12 anos, el 51% ninas, que completaron el Inventario de Depresion Infantil. Predominaba en la muestra una estructura familiar caracterizada por progenitores casados (83%) y baja conflictividad interparental (88%). Los resultados del analisis multivariado de la varianza indican que los ninos cuyos progenitores estaban divorciados presentaban peor autoestima que los que tenian padres casados, y aquellos que percibian una alta conflictividad entre sus padres mostraban mayores niveles de disforia. Ademas, son los preadolescentes con padres casados y relacion interparental no conflictiva los que presentan menos disforia. Se destaca la necesidad de atender el contexto familiar en el tratamiento de ...

El divorcio o la separación conyugal implica cambios en la estructura de las familias y en los arreglos de convivencia que han estado marcados por sesgos de género. Reconociendo la importancia de la implicación del padre en el desarrollo de los hijos y el factor protector que supone en estos escenarios, se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura con el objetivo de conocer las variables que se vinculan a la implicación de padres no residentes. Aplicando criterios de búsqueda y selección específicos, se analizaron 14 artículos de investigación. Los resultados reconocen la incidencia de variables sociodemográficas, de residencia, vinculadas a los arreglos familiares y al tipo de vínculo entre los excónyuges. Se discuten las características de los estudios incluidos y las limitaciones de la revisión realizada y se aportan ideas para la investigación del fenómeno vincular en estudio. Se concluye resaltando la necesidad de que las intervenciones psicosociales y/o decisiones judi...

When divorce or separation of a couple occurs, children will no longer live with both parents at the same time. There may be multiple causes for divorce, and both literature and our own experience as child mental health providers, report some short-and long-term consequences for children, especially where the divorce has been conflictive. In these cases, increased risk of developing behavioral disorders, poor school performance, and substance abuse has been documented as well as

When divorce or separation of a couple occurs, children will no longer live with both parents at the same time. There may be multiple causes for divorce, and both literature and our own experience as child mental health providers, report some short-and long-term consequences for children, especially where the divorce has been conflictive. In these cases, increased risk of developing behavioral disorders, poor school performance, and substance abuse has been documented as well as

Resumen. El primer objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la relación entre la exposición a la violencia intraparental durante la infancia y el grado de malestar psicológico de los hijos en la edad adulta, y si dicha relación está mediada por un deterioro de las prácticas de crianza de los padres (i.e., la disciplina severa, las demostraciones de afecto y apoyo y la inconsistencia inter e intraparental). Un segundo objetivo consistió en examinar las diferencias por sexo en las relaciones estudiadas. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 680 estudiantes universitarios (62.4% mujeres) seleccionados por muestreo aleatorio, estratificado y proporcional (por facultad y sexo). Los participantes informaron retrospectivamente acerca de si habían presenciado violencia entre sus padres, las pautas de crianza recibidas en la infancia y su nivel de malestar psicológico actual. Los resultados indicaron que la disciplina severa (castigo físico y psicológico) y las demostraciones de afecto y apoyo mediaron parcialmente la relación entre la exposición a la violencia marital y el nivel de malestar de los hijos a largo plazo. Además, no se encontraron diferencias por sexo en las relaciones especificadas. Finalmente, se discuten los hallazgos del estudio, sus limitaciones y las implicaciones para la planificación de programas de intervención. Palabras clave: malestar psicológico, prácticas de crianza; violencia entre los padres.

The lack of supervision and the absence of close relationships between the teenager and his or her parents are factors that influence delinquency. A Mullens found that children from biologically intact homes have a lower incidence of illegal behaviour that is paralleled by their lower rate of susceptibility to peer pressure to commit deviant acts. The study suggests that there is a link between juvenile deviance and family structure. The study also suggests that juveniles who are charged with more serious acts of delinquency are from incomplete homes than juveniles charged with lesser acts of misconduct. A family may influence a person"s behaviour either negatively or positively both at childhood and adulthood. An intact family can be said to be a functioning union between a mother and a father, so when a break up exist, the turmoil may affect a child to a greater extent. A functioning family is beneficial to a child than a dysfunctional one. Family separation was a great contributor of child neglect which generally leads to child deviant behaviour. For example, leaving homes and addicted to vices and the like from parental and family neglect, lack of supervision and guidance. Many family characteristics and family environments influence juvenile deviant behaviour such as the number of people in a family, inconsistent parenting, family problems, child neglect and children"s attachment to parents.180 If violence encompasses all emotional environmental aspects of a juvenile"s life, he is more likely to engage in 54 delinquent activities.181 In a study by H. Juby and D. Farrington, 182 delinquency rates were found to be higher among the children who live in permanently disrupted families compared to those living in intact families. The same pattern was found in case of intact but high-conflict families. Cohesiveness of the family successfully predicts the frequency of delinquent acts for non-traditional families. The lack of supervision and the absence of close relationships between the teenager and his or her parents are factors that influence delinquency.184 A. Mullens185 found that children from biologically intact homes have a lower incidence of illegal behaviour that is paralleled by their lower rate of susceptibility to peer pressure to commit deviant acts. The study suggests that there is a link between juvenile deviance and family structure. The study also suggests that juveniles who are charged with more serious acts of

The number of young students who immigrated to other countries for educational purposes is increasing day by day and this situation is likely to continue in the near future. The students who have immigrated for the purpose of education experience various problems in adapting to the culture of a new country. This may have negative effects on their educational success, valuing leisure time, participating in social activities within the new society and socialization in general. In this article, adjustment problems experienced by undergraduate international students and the application of social work to solve these problems will be discussed. Besides, it will develop suggestions that contribute to encourage young students to search for solutions to the problems they face in a multicultural environment. The aim of this article is to explain how university-based social work intervention can be used for international students in order to solve their problems and enhance their well-being. The solutions that the study proposed will be structured within the framework of multicultural approach.

Atmosfera familiar:  Influye en el desarrollo  Apoyo o conflicto  Conductas de internalización / Conductas de externalización Problemas de crianza: del control a la autorregulación  Corregulación: Padres e hijos comparten poder  La cultura tiene una gran influencia en la crianza

Resumen Los hijos de padres separados o divorciados, como grupo, presentan más problemas de conducta y personales que los que viven en hogares intactos. Sin embargo, las estadísticas ocultan el hecho de que existe una gran variabilidad en la forma en que los niños y los adolescentes responden a la ruptura matrimonial de sus progenitores. La investigación actual ha abandonado el modelo patogénico para adoptar unos modelos basados en factores de riesgo y de resistencia que pretenden identificar las variables del niño, de los procesos familiares y del contexto ecológico que permitan explicar la relación entre separación /divorcio y problemas de adaptación de los hijos. En este trabajo presentamos una revisión de los estudios que han investigado los principales factores de riesgo y de resistencia relacionados con los problemas de adaptación en los hogares monoparentales. PALABRAS CLAVE: Niños, adolescentes, divorcio, problemas de adaptación, procesos familiares Abstract As a group, chil...

To better understand quantity and quality of divorced father contact, a weighted county sample of 230 divorced fathers with a child aged 4–11 years was employed to test whether fathers’ antisocial personality (ASP) moderated effects of monthly contact with children in predicting children’s observed noncompliance. Eighteen-month latent growth models obtained significant individual differences in levels of noncompliance
and growth rates. ASP significantly moderated beneficial impact of fathers’ monthly contact. Fathers’ observed parenting practices significantly predicted noncompliance levels but not growth. Parenting did not account for the effect of Contact x ASP, suggesting both environmental and potentially genetic influences on child adjustment. Findings were robust across boys and girls and age levels. Implications for preventive intervention are discussed.

This article presents an analysis of 5 views of factors that contribute to the adjustment of children in divorced families or stepfamilies. These perspectives are those that emphasize (a) individual vulnerability and risk; (b ) family composition; (c) stress, including socioeconomic disadvantage; (d) parental distress; and (e) disrupted family process. It is concluded that all of these factors contribute to children's adjustment in divorced and remarried families and that a transactional model examining multiple trajectories of interacting risk and protective factors is the most fruitful in predicting the well-being of children.

This article presents an analysis of 5 views of factors that contribute to the adjustment of children in divorced families or stepfamilies. These perspectives are those that emphasize (a) individual vulnerability and risk; (b ) family composition; (c) stress, including socioeconomic disadvantage; (d) parental distress; and (e) disrupted family process. It is concluded that all of these factors contribute to children's adjustment in divorced and remarried families and that a transactional model examining multiple trajectories of interacting risk and protective factors is the most fruitful in predicting the well-being of children.

In the present study, we examined the relationships between family process variables, i.e., parenting, family values and family competency, and anti-social behaviors among Malaysian
early adolescents from urban single-mother families. Due to the lack of research on family processes and their influences on adolescent behavior in Malaysia, there is much need for
research that explores the growing phenomena of single parenting and adolescent antisocial behaviors. We therefore hypothesized that lower family process scores, which tend to
be more common among single-parent families, would be positively related to anti-social behaviors among early adolescents from such families. In addition to family processes, the contributions of selected family background variables on early adolescents' anti-social behaviors were also explored.