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Animal genetic resources

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Animal genetic resources refer to the genetic material of domesticated and wild animal species that are utilized for food, agriculture, and conservation. This field encompasses the study, preservation, and sustainable management of genetic diversity to ensure the viability and adaptability of animal populations in changing environments.
lightbulbAbout this topic
Animal genetic resources refer to the genetic material of domesticated and wild animal species that are utilized for food, agriculture, and conservation. This field encompasses the study, preservation, and sustainable management of genetic diversity to ensure the viability and adaptability of animal populations in changing environments.

Key research themes

1. How can sustainable management and conservation strategies be optimized to preserve animal genetic resources (AnGR) in smallholder and indigenous livestock populations under environmental and socioeconomic pressures?

This research theme focuses on developing and applying tailored sustainable management approaches for maintaining and improving local and indigenous livestock breeds, especially in low-input and smallholder farming systems typical in developing countries. It addresses the critical need for breeding strategies that integrate traditional knowledge, socioeconomic realities, and environmental challenges such as climate change. Preserving AnGR is vital for food security, poverty reduction, and maintaining biodiversity in vulnerable agro-ecological contexts.

Key finding: By reviewing cattle farming systems in Benin, this study highlighted the unique adaptive traits of indigenous African cattle breeds (e.g., heat and disease tolerance) and the urgent need to develop resilient breeding programs... Read more
Key finding: This paper documents the shift in Thailand’s livestock sector towards industrialized farming and the replacement of indigenous breeds by exotic breeds, leading to loss of genetic diversity. It emphasizes the threat this poses... Read more
Key finding: The paper synthesizes existing knowledge on Ethiopian indigenous goats and sheep, revealing their poor productivity yet high genetic diversity adapted to low-input mixed crop-livestock systems. It identifies major... Read more
Key finding: This work underscores the rich biodiversity of indigenous livestock breeds adapted to diverse agro-climatic zones in Jammu and Kashmir, India, but also points to uncontrolled crossbreeding and importation of exotic genetics... Read more
Key finding: Providing a global perspective, this paper emphasizes the importance of coordinated conservation efforts at national and international levels, highlighting the necessity of in situ conservation to maintain breeds in their... Read more

2. What roles do genomic technologies and molecular markers play in characterizing, conserving, and improving livestock genetic resources for enhanced breeding and adaptation?

This theme investigates the application and utility of advanced genomic tools—including SNP arrays, molecular markers, and sequencing—in assessing genetic diversity, estimating inbreeding, and guiding selective breeding within diverse livestock species. It explores how integrating molecular data can enhance accuracy in identifying genetic variation, kinship, and the genomic basis of adaptive and production traits, thus facilitating sustainable breeding strategies and conservation programs especially for indigenous and endangered populations.

Key finding: By applying ROH analysis with the BovineSNP50K BeadChip to Sumba Ongole cattle, the study measured genomic inbreeding, revealing that most inbreeding events occurred many generations ago. Several candidate genomic regions... Read more
Key finding: Through a continent-wide survey, this study reveals limited phenotyping and genetic evaluation infrastructure in African livestock systems, identifying challenges such as data scarcity and lack of genomic information. It... Read more
Key finding: Using a panel of mitochondrial SNP markers, this paper demonstrates molecular assessment of genetic diversity and kinship in captive Asian elephants, revealing discrepancies with pedigree-based kinship and highlighting the... Read more
Key finding: This review outlines how advances in genomic biotechnology—such as SNP genotyping, marker-assisted and genomic selection, and whole-genome sequencing—can transform genetic improvement in livestock by enabling precise... Read more
Key finding: The paper discusses molecular genetics techniques, including mitochondrial DNA and nuclear markers, as tools to assess genetic diversity, inbreeding, and population structure in wildlife populations. It demonstrates how these... Read more

3. How do policy frameworks, intellectual property rights, and international cooperation influence the conservation, exchange, and sustainable use of animal genetic resources?

This theme explores the institutional, legal, and policy dimensions that underpin the conservation and sustainable use of AnGR at national and global scales. Considerations include how property rights, intellectual property regimes, sovereign rights, and international protocols shape the access, exchange, and benefit sharing of genetic resources. Understanding these frameworks is essential for harmonizing conservation initiatives, regulating genetic material flow, and addressing the socioeconomic drivers of breed erosion.

Key finding: The paper synthesizes current debates surrounding ownership and commercialization rights over AnGR, highlighting tensions among genetic resource trade, biotechnology advances, and biodiversity erosion. It reviews... Read more
Key finding: Identifying key challenges in halting genetic erosion, this paper argues for comprehensive policy frameworks combining in situ and ex situ conservation, promoting sustainable breeding, and regulated exchange mechanisms. It... Read more
Key finding: Analyzing socioeconomic drivers, this study attributes genetic diversity loss primarily to market globalization, industrialized intensive animal husbandry, breed lock-in effects, and decoupling of animal production from local... Read more

All papers in Animal genetic resources

El objetivo fue evaluar algunas características morfológicas de pavos de traspatio (n=248) provenientes de 126 unidades rurales de producción localizadas en 75 municipios de 24 estados de la República Mexicana. El modelo estadístico... more
Despite its importance in Mali's economy, camel breeding in the country remains poorly documented, impeding effective policy-making in this regard. This study consisted in a 3-month survey and aimed at characterising camel breeding... more
High reproductive efficiency is essential to guarantee sustainable livestock production and a satisfactory economic return for the meat producer. Reproductive biotechnologies and animal breeding play an important role in the livestock... more
Short tandem repeat (STR) loci, i.e. microsatellites are a class of genetic markers commonly used for population studies and parentage control. This study determined the usefulness of microsatellite markers recommended by International... more
Bitki ve Hayvan Genetik Kaynaklarının Korunması: Dünyayı Birlikte Koruyalım Yazar: Salih GÖKKÜR Gökkür S., 2017. Bitki ve Hayvan Genetik Kaynaklarının Korunması: Dünyayı Birlikte Koruyalım, Apelasyon, ISSN:2149-4908, Kasım 2017, Sayı 48,... more
Performance traits and nutrient apparent digestibility were evaluated in fourteen males (castrated) and females (1:1) Mexican Cuino pigs with a mean initial weight 20 kg. Pigs were fed a 14% crude protein commercial diet ad libitum for12... more
Recently, a number of papers have addressed the use of pedigrees in the study of wild populations, highlighting the value of pedigrees in conservation management. We used pedigrees to study the horses (Equus caballus) of Assateague Island... more
ResumenEl sistema tradicional de producción caprina del norte de Neuquen (Patagonia, Argentina), desarrollado por “crianceros” trashumantes, es un sistema marginal de baja dotación de recursos económicos y alta fragilidad ambiental pero... more
Local livestock breeds in Slovenia have been eligible for financial incentives in the form of a fixed payment per livestock unit (LU) since 2002. The scheme has however not been successful in reversing the erosion of animal genetic... more
Background and Aim: The Ovar-DRB1 gene, a key component of the sheep main histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II region, plays a critical role in antigen presentation and immune responsiveness. Despite the well-documented... more