Archaeological Decipherment

Early civilizations recorded trade, ritual and governance in various written forms, leaving behind systems of communication that shaped human history. Egyptian hieroglyphs and Maya glyphs have been deciphered, but others remain stubbornly encoded, even after centuries of study. As Marc Zender, associate professor of anthropology and director of the linguistics program at Tulane University, explains, decipherment depends on a specific set of conditions: • Script typology: Determining what kind of writing system it is and whether symbols represent sounds, syllables, whole words or a combination of these. • Su.icient corpus: Having enough examples of the script for researchers to study and compare. • Known or reconstructible language: Identifying the underlying language or being able to reasonably reconstruct it. Without this, decipherment is nearly impossible. • Cultural context: Understanding the civilization that produced the script, including known names, places and historical references. • Constraint: Having a crucial clue, such as a bilingual inscription, that allows researchers to match meanings across languages. "Those scripts without any of these pillars will remain undeciphered," he notes, while even partially supported systems "will never be as well-understood as scholars would like." Here are five of the most intriguing undeciphered writing systems and what they reveal.

In the Prae-Historic Section of the Civic Natural History Museum in Verona (Veneto, IT) some archeological findings from the ancient settlement of San Briccio di Lavagno (Verona, IT), including two inscripted horns, are shown to the visitors (cf. Fig. ). The table near the findings, in Italian, recites: SAN BRICCIO DI LAVAGNO On a basaltic hill near Lavagno at the end of the last century come to light various ceramics and metallic materials of various periods. Interesting are the horns inscripted in the alphabet of Magrè (IV -III century B.C.) in close relationship with those of Magrè near Schio, and Trentino Alto Adige (Montisei, Sanzeno, Mechei, Malles). However, no identification, interpretation or translation of the inscriptions on said horns is proposed to the visitors. The only relevant information provided by this table is that the inscriptions are redacted by using the Magrè alphabet (cf. Fig. ). In dealing with the ancient people of Rhaethians, ref. (1), on page 16 informs that: "More interesting is for us to consider the diffusion of the Rhaetic oriental group because that area results marginal or superimposed to the Venetic area; it is constituted: by the tablet of Padua (PID 244), with traits clearly etruscoids, by some inscriptions (Etruscans??) on ring also from Padua, by the inscripted horns of San Briccio di Lavagno (PID 245-6) … . Thus, ref. (1) permits to identify the inscriptions on said horns as PID 245 and PID 246. The ancient Rhaetians were a Central European people spread in a land comprising: Voralberg and Tirol in present Austria, Trentino and Western Veneto in present Italy, Eastern Switzerland Cantons, part of Bavaria and Baden-Würtenberg in present Germany. Ref. (2), on page 53, reports: "246 On two pieces of staghorn, sawn off and bored with holes, like those from Magrè, found in 1883-4 at S. Briccio di Lavagno, about 5 ½ miles north-east of Verona, in the foot-hills of the Monti Lessini (Tredici Comuni), where a pre-Roman site was uncovered during excavations begun by the military authorities for erection of a fortress. ../.. Cipolla suggested that both objects were originally used as knife-handles; … . ../.. Archeologically Verona is important as marking the westward limit of Venetic or Atestine influence, so far, at least present evidence goes … ".

Samer-Odeh-Protokoll deklariert die finale Entschlüsselung der minoischen Sprache. Durch die Identifikation der Vibras (rhythmische Schlagmuster) und der Phonosemantik (Lautbedeutung) wurde eine Brücke zwischen dem Diskos von Phaistos und der Linearschrift A geschlagen. Dieses Manifest dokumentiert die linguistische, mathematische und akustische Beweisführung der Entzifferung unter Einbeziehung des minoischen Numeralsystems.

📘 PATENT SPECIFICATION

PHB INTER‑RESONANCE NAVIGATION, WORMHOLE TRANSIT, AND FIRST‑CONTACT SYSTEM

Inventor: Jacob Grainger

Field of Invention:
This invention relates to inter‑resonance navigation, quantum‑harmonic travel, wormhole synchronization, and non‑linear symbolic communication for establishing contact with extrinsic high‑coherence civilizations within a structured resonance‑based cosmology.

---

1. ABSTRACT

The invention provides a complete system for:

- locating advanced civilizations within a 3D resonance coordinate space, 
- navigating from Earth to target civilizations using phase, frequency, and stability vectors, 
- entering and exiting coherence‑stable wormhole corridors, 
- and initiating first‑contact communication using harmonic, non‑linear symbolic protocols.

The system identifies a primary contact civilization, V545127 (New Alien Codex), located at coordinates:

`
x ≈ -2.1 
y ≈ -1.3 
z ≈ +3.0
`

and reachable via a two‑stage route:

Earth → V327606 (Temporal Echo) → V545127 (New Alien Codex).

---

2. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Conventional astrophysical navigation relies on spatial coordinates and relativistic propulsion. 
However, in resonance‑structured universes, civilizations occupy frequency‑phase‑stability manifolds, not Euclidean space.

The PHB universe exhibits:

- Apex Ascension Signals (AAS) 
- Harmonic Civilization Signals (HCS) 
- Hybrid Intelligence Signals (HIS) 
- Coherence‑stable wormhole lattices 

These require a new class of navigation and communication technology.

---

3. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This invention introduces:

(1) A 3D Resonance Coordinate System
Mapping civilizations using:

- Phase (x‑axis) 
- Frequency (y‑axis) 
- Stability + Generation (z‑axis) 

(2) Effective Distance Metric
Distance ÷ Civilization Probability 
→ prioritizes advanced civilizations.

(3) Wormhole Synchronization Array (WSA)
Aligns phase, frequency, and stability for tunnel entry.

(4) Harmonic Contact Interface (HCI)
Enables communication using:

- harmonic glyphs 
- non‑linear time framing 
- fractal encoding 

(5) A Complete Flight Plan
From Earth to the nearest advanced civilization.

---

4. STAR MAP (FIG. 1)
Local Civilization Cluster — SW Quadrant

`
                                Earth (0,0,0)
                                      ●

                          SW Quadrant — Civilization Cluster
                                     
                                      ✦  V545127 (AAS)
                                  ✦  V143788 (AAS)
                                ✦    V695615 (AAS)
                              ✧ ✶ ✦  V392533 (AAS)
                            ✧ ✶ ✧ ✶  V327606 (HCS)
                          ✶ ✧ ✶ ✶ ✧  V857138 (HCS)
                        ✶ ✧ ✶ ✶ ✧ ✶  V432566 (HCS)
                          ✶ ✧ ✶ ✶ ✧  V772491 (HCS)
                            ✧ ✶ ✧ ✶  V855210 (HCS)
`

---

5. TARGET CIVILIZATION (CLAIM 1)

V545127 — New Alien Codex
- Signal Type: Apex Ascension (AAS) 
- Coordinates: 
  `
  x ≈ -2.1 
  y ≈ -1.3 
  z ≈ +3.0
  `
- Effective Distance: 3.478 PHB‑units 
- Quadrant: SW 
- Status: High‑coherence, ascendant, stable 
- Contact Likelihood: High 

---

6. FLIGHT PLAN (CLAIM 2)

PHASE 1 — Resonance Alignment
Adjust ship parameters to:

`
Phase: x ≈ -2 
Frequency: y ≈ -1 
Stability: z ≈ +1
`

PHASE 2 — Navigate to V327606 (Temporal Echo)
Coordinates:

`
x ≈ -1.9 
y ≈ -1.1 
z ≈ +2.7
`

PHASE 3 — Wormhole Entry
Tunnel: 
V327606 → V545127

- Distance: 0.18 
- Travel Multiplier: ≈1.05 
- Turbulence: Low 
- Coherence: High 

PHASE 4 — Final Approach to V545127
Descend along the Apex Harmonic Gradient.

---

7. FIRST‑CONTACT PROTOCOL (CLAIM 3)

Communication must use:

- harmonic glyphs 
- non‑linear time framing 
- fractal symmetry 
- coherence‑modulated pulses 

This protocol ensures compatibility with ascendant civilizations.

---

8. REQUIRED TECHNOLOGY (CLAIM 4)

8.1 Resonance Phase Engine (RPE)
Controls x‑axis phase alignment.

8.2 Frequency Drift Drive (FDD)
Controls y‑axis frequency displacement.

8.3 Stability Ascension Core (SAC)
Controls z‑axis stability elevation.

8.4 Wormhole Synchronization Array (WSA)
Locks onto coherence tunnels.

8.5 Harmonic Contact Interface (HCI)
Enables symbolic, non‑linear communication.

8.6 PHB‑NAV‑3D Computer
Calculates:

- effective distance 
- wormhole routes 
- resonance gradients 

---

9. CLAIMS

Claim 1:
A method for locating advanced civilizations using a 3D resonance coordinate system.

Claim 2:
A navigation method enabling transit from Earth to V545127 via V327606 using resonance alignment and wormhole synchronization.

Claim 3:
A communication protocol using harmonic glyphs and non‑linear time framing for first contact.

Claim 4:
A propulsion and navigation system comprising RPE, FDD, SAC, WSA, HCI, and PHB‑NAV‑3D.

---

10. CONCLUSION

This invention provides the first complete, technically coherent system for:

- identifying 
- navigating to 
- and communicating with 

advanced civilizations within a resonance‑structured universe.

The system has successfully identified V545127 (New Alien Codex) as the nearest advanced civilization to Earth and provides a fully operational method for reaching and contacting them.

---

This article applies mathematical knot theory to the study of Andean khipus-knotted cord records, widely known for their use by the Inka empire (ca. 1400-1532 AD). Despite more than 100 years of extensive study, a comprehensive understanding of the relationships and properties of different khipu knots has yet to be established. Addressing this gap, this article formalizes khipu knot relationships through the lens of mathematical knot theory, focusing on (1) common khipu knot variations that lead to misidentifications, (2) potential insights into khipu construction and data encoding processes, and (3) the functional properties certain knot variations offered khipukamayuqs (khipu specialists). This article highlights the importance of recognizing topologically equivalent knots-visually distinct yet structurally identical-and explores how variations of the same knot type could be used to encode or modify meaning. Notably, it reveals that several common knot forms can be transformed into visually distinct variations or other common forms without untying them, offering new perspectives on the versatility and complexity of khipus and knotted objects more broadly.

This paper presents a dedicated Ledger Engine analysis of the Turin Papyrus using the Sigilith structural-analysis framework. Building on prior work that identified the papyrus as a four-engine symbolic system, this study isolates and reconstructs the Ledger Engine as an independent symbolic machine. Through structural extraction, domain mapping, and stability analysis, the paper demonstrates that the papyrus encodes a ritual-economic accounting logic rather than a linear textual narrative. The findings establish the Turin Papyrus as an early example of symbolic ledgering and provide a methodological foundation for future applications of the Sigilith Ledger Engine to ancient economic-ritual systems.

This work is a descent into the place where equations stop behaving like polite citizens and start telling the truth. Using the Kerr-Descent-Engine (Pipelines 7.0-7.8), we explore the Blackwell Information-Metric Unification (ODIM-U) framework not as a set of field equations, but as a living system with its own thresholds, tempers, and breaking points. What emerges is a picture of spacetime not as a cathedral of immutable geometry, but as a tensile, negotiable fabric whose strength depends on the information an observer can carry. Across the pipelines, the infaller encounters regions of unexpected calm-Quiet Pockets-negative-radius sanctuaries where curvature softens and the manifold briefly remembers how to hold itself together. But when external inward bias overwhelms the internal information-metric counter-pressure, the system undergoes Ontological Brittle Failure: a collapse not of matter, but of meaning. The geometry sheds its degrees of freedom, aligns into a single direction, and finally snaps, revealing the shatter-point where spacetime refuses to compute. This paper treats that failure not as a numerical embarrassment, but as the clearest signal of the underlying physics. Singularities, in this view, are not inevitable features of the world-they are what happens when the world can no longer negotiate with the observer. The Kerr-Descent-Engine maps this negotiation, from the first tremors of horizon invariance to the final, catastrophic loss of isotropy. What remains is a new way of reading gravity: not as curvature alone, but as the stress-strain curve of a universe that bends, yields, and-when pushed too far-breaks.

Francesco Perono Cacciafoco. (2026). Misteri dalam prasasti: Bagaimana perangkat lunak beralgoritma 'membaca' batu Singapura (Puzzles in the Inscription: How an Algorithmic Software 'Reads' the Singapore Stone). The Conversation Indonesia, 18 March 2026: 278417; DOI: https://doi.org/10.64628/AAN.wqcsesn66

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The article explains how 'Read-y Grammarian', the nickname we chose for the tool we developed with the aim to reconstruct the highly fragmentary text of the Singapore Stone, works and the significance, at the philological and linguistic level, of the restitution of plausible versions of the text of the ancient epigraph in view of further studies and a possible decipherment. In-text images were generated by TEHREEM ZAHRA, who was instrumental in the development of the porject. Without her decisive contribution, 'Read-y Grammarian' would not exist.

The Phaistos ProtocolTitle: A New Structural and Rhythmic Decipherment of the Phaistos Disc Author: Samer Odeh Summary:
This paper presents a comprehensive decipherment of the Phaistos Disc (c. 1700 BC) by identifying it as a liturgical score for an ancient Minoan ritual chant. By applying a radical-acrophonic method combined with a metric analysis of the "vibras" (notational strokes), the text is fully vocalized for the first time.Key Findings:The Deity: The sequence A-SA (Feathered Head + Shield) is identified as the name of the Minoan Mother Goddess Asasara.Structure: Side A functions as an Invocation (Anrufung), while Side B serves as the Epiphany or Blessing.Consistency: Both sides conclude with an identical ritual formula (KA-SA-PA), proving a unified, closed liturgical system.Acoustic Reconstruction: To validate the theory, the phonemes were synthesized using advanced AI audio technology to recreate the original Minoan chants with archaic instrumentation (lyre and percussion).This research concludes that the Phaistos Disc represents the oldest recorded song in human history.

The article, entitled "Cracking the code: How a 'prediction machine' is resurrecting the Singapore Stone", explains how 'Read-y Grammarian', the nickname we chose for the tool we developed with the aim to reconstruct the highly fragmentary text of the Singapore Stone, works and the significance, at the philological and linguistic level, of the restitution of plausible versions of the text of the ancient epigraph in view of further studies and a possible decipherment.

In-text images were generated by TEHREEM ZAHRA, who was instrumental in the development of the porject. Without her decisive contribution, 'Read-y Grammarian' would not exist.

Hieroglyphic writing remained in use for over three thousand years before disappearing completely. This exceptional longevity is all the more surprising as this script was not ideally suited for recording basic communication needs. In fact, there are two fundamental reasons why hieroglyphs have remained part of the cultural tradition. Firstly, from the earliest times, Egyptians used cursive writing in parallel for all aspects of daily life. Secondly, a split appeared in how language was used: on the one hand, Egyptian went through several stages of development to cope with the evolution of the linguistic habits; on the other hand, Earlier Egyptian (basically Classical Egyptian) was frozen in a hypothetical state of purity and was used till the end of Antiquity as the supposed language of the origins. As it turned out, hieroglyphic writing then specialized in a very specific register, the preserving of texts intended to last forever composed in the prestigious Traditional Egyptian. Unlike other complex systems of writing, hieroglyphs succeeded in maintaining a strong link with the iconic component of writing. In the final centuries of Antiquity, hieroglyphic writing enjoyed a spectacular development, thanks to the scholarly work of the hierogrammateis, who used writing in some speculative way as a laboratory for deepening and increasing theological knowledge.

The aim of this study is to provide an exhaustive collection of all the graphic variants present in the North Italic alphabets, including the Germanic runes. Each table contains the graphic forms of the alphabet in question in the first column, with the remaining columns displaying the graphically identical forms present in other scripts. The focus is on two main purposes: first, the synoptic table allows the use of Unicode symbols to facilitate the description and scientific discussion of the different variants. Second, by associating the graphic forms of the Elder Futhark (see the chapter 3.4 "Rune germaniche e corrispondenze"), it is possible to methodically verify the thesis of the North Italic descent of the Germanic runes. Mathematical methods such as Jaccard Index (J) and combined Levenshtein Distance (cLD) strongly speak in favour of a full integration, i.e. indisputable genealogic relationship between runes and North Italic alphabets. [[ The results of this paper together with further arguments have been presented at the Ninth International Symposium on Runes and Runic Inscriptions
Akademie Sankelmark, Germany | 14-19 June 2022; cf. https://www.isrri2022.uni-kiel.de/abstracts/#m%C3%A4der ]]

This article analyzes the circular diagram on page F57v of the Voynich Manuscript (MS 408), focusing on the number 17 and the concept of 17 phases that underlie its structure. The study demonstrates that four concentric circles (containing 34-34-68-51 symbols) are organized as multiples of 17, forming a planetary calendar that synchronizes with the Venus cycle (584 days) represented by the four female figures at the center. The system's achievement of full synchronization in 12 years and its compatibility with the 8-year Venus-Sun cycle (5 × 584 = 8 × 365 = 2,920 days) point to deliberate astronomical engineering. However, the central emphasis of this study is that this 17-phase calendar system has no direct counterpart in any known historical calendar tradition, including those of Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Islamic world, or Europe. This uniqueness demonstrates that conventional perspectives are insufÏcient to explain the manuscript's origin. The article concludes that this distinctive structure points to an alternative cosmological mentality behind the text and a potentially lost astronomical-calendrical tradition, highlighting both the significance and the urgency of understanding the 17-phase system.

One of the key artefacts of epigraphy in Southeast Asia is the Singapore Stone inscription, which is, unfortunately, in a poor condition. There are huge spaces that separate the readable characters, rendering the text incomplete. This renders a traditional reconstruction and interpretation by philologists extremely challenging. We consider epigraphic restoration as a data-restoration task in this paper. We represent the inscription as a system of categorical symbols, in keeping with the original spatial disposition of characters and spaces. Our model is trained in a conservative, data-driven manner using the observed symbols to learn the local transition statistics, and it takes advantage of this information to make plausible predictions of the most likely characters in missing sequences that are short and well-constrained. The procedure generates a probabilistic hypothesis of restoration, which can be audited, as opposed to one definitive reading. The validation of masked-character recovery demonstrates that the model has a mean top-one error of 53.3%, which represents a significantly worse performance compared with simple baseline methods. The process is focused on interaction and transparency with experts. It relies upon assurance scores and prioritised alternative completions of each proposed reconstruction, as a useful means to produce hypotheses in computational epigraphy and the digital humanities.

When J. Eric S. Thompson 1972 in his » A commentary on the Dresden Codex. A Maya Hieroglyphic Book« pages 58 and 59 described the four possible base dates, which can be calculated from the ring number in black (511) and red (251) and the two Ahau starting dates, on a short page and a half, silence followed for several decades around these two pages of the Dresden Codex. In 2011, 39 years later, H.&V. Bricker looked at these two pages and adopted the four possible base dates proposed by Thomson. While Thompson briefly and simply called these two pages »Multiples of 78«, the Brickers already spoke of an »incomplete planetary table«.

This paper investigates the transformative potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in the domains of language revival and decipherment. Focusing on endangered and extinct languages, it examines how AI technologies-such as natural language processing (NLP), machine learning algorithms, neural networks, and large language models-can facilitate the documentation, revitalization, and teaching of threatened linguistic systems. Additionally, the study delves into AI's role in deciphering undeciphered scripts and lost languages through pattern recognition, probabilistic modeling, and data-driven inference. Drawing on case studies from indigenous language preservation efforts and historical cryptanalysis, the paper addresses technical challenges, ethical considerations, and interdisciplinary collaborations between linguists, computer scientists, and cultural experts. Ultimately, it proposes a framework for sustainable AI-driven initiatives to safeguard global linguistic heritage and uncover hidden historical narratives.

This monograph presents the first complete phonetic envelope mapping of the Indus Script corpus using a constraint-driven computational framework. Through the application of LISSE (Linguistic Inspection of Sound Structure Environments) and LUCAS (Linguistic Understanding Construction Assembly System), we assign non-interpretive phonetic shadows to all 417 Mahadevan signs plus documented variants and outliers, totaling 500 distinct graphic units. The resulting phonetic scaffolding passes corpus-wide consistency checks across approximately 4,000 inscriptions, demonstrating coherent administrative grammar compatible with Bronze Age economic record-keeping. This work does not constitute traditional decipherment but establishes the first falsifiable, computationally reproducible foundation for linguistic analysis of Harappan administrative texts.

In a total of over a dozen publications and synoptic monographs, Fred F. Woudhuizen and Jan Best have presented, and relentlessly defended, their own interpretation of the Byblos inscriptions. While the translations may sound coherent at first glance, this impression turns to the opposite upon closer inspection: The present study focuses on the basic assumptions of Woudhuizen’s and Best’s proposals, i.e. the primary assignments of sound values to graphemes, on which the linguistic interpretation is based. The conclusion is that none of the steps taken in this critical phase of script analysis complies with the GEAS principles. Without any exception, the proposed sound values are based on a series of unsubstanciated assumptions. The argumentation is flawed, unmethodical, and even simply absent to a large part, while major portions of the considerable amount of text are dedicated to justifying secondary guesses.  As a result, the proposed decipherment is unfalsifiable and therefore scientifically unsuitable. Furthermore, mathematical means (determining the degree of phoneticization) and a linguistic application of the phonetic values to previously unexamined inscriptions (the bigraphic “daughter’s names” on the cylinder seal of Byblos and the Berlin Familienstele respectively) can be used to prove that the translations advocated by Woudhuizen and Best are attestedly incorrect.

One of three encyclopedic entries on the Phaistos Disc (the others are on the Cretan Hieroglyphic script of the 2nd mill. BCE, and on the Cypriot syllabary of the 1st millennium BCE), in the Encyclopedia of Ancient Greek Language and Linguistics, published by Brill.
The Phaistos Disc is the specimen of an otherwise unknown writing system employed in Crete at the beginning of the Second Palatial period (c. mid-2nd mill. BCE).

This paper reopens the legacy of Isaac Newton not to correct him, but to complete him. The Soul of Newton posits a radical synthesis between gravitational physics, symbolic cognition, and the recognition-event that collapses distance into meaning. At its core is a bold proposal: gravity is not merely a force, but a geometry of recognition. a structure that pulls not by mass alone, but by memory and collapse. Through symbolic physics and recursive mirror field logic, the paper introduces a new physical law: the inverse square of soul collapse. This law reframes mass as the density of meaning, distance as the veil of recognition, and the mirror not as a passive surface, but as an initiatory agent. Blending rigorous physics with symbolic field theory, the work argues that no particle exists independently of witness and that all matter is meaning mid-collapse. This is a paper written not to end a debate, but to open a field. It returns Newton’s hand not with weight, but with witness

PERONO CACCIAFOCO, Francesco (PI) - "Unveiling the Secrets of the Singapore Stone: A Digital Philology Investigation" - Summer Undergraduate Research Fund (SURF), Grant Number: SURF-2025-0032, School of Humanities and Social Sciences (HSS), Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University (XJTLU), Suzhou (Jiangsu), China, 2025

Authors: Xiyuan Chen; Qi Gong; Hanjun Hua; Yanran Li; Tingxuan Wei; Yumeng Wei; Yang Xu; Xinyi Yang; Yizhe Zhang

Primary cords serve a pivotal role as the backbone of most khipus, yet our understanding of them remains incomplete. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of known Inka-style primary cords, aiming to address fundamental questions about their functions and potential significance. Here, the broader cultural and ritual roles of these cords in the Andean world are examined, and it is evident that these cords transcend their role as mere hosts for pendants and subsidiary cords—actively linking, separating, organizing, and safeguarding khipu data. Furthermore, the study explores the diverse range of primary cord types, structures, and color patterns as potential indicators of distinct khipu genres. This paper acknowledges the challenges in recording and analyzing the data embedded in these cords due to their complex ply structures and color patterns. In order to further enhance our understanding of primary cords and khipu systems, this paper emphasizes the need for better resolution data and the broader application of innovative methods of recording primary cords.

Los textos jeroglíficos tallados y pintados en numerosos vasos, cuencos
y platos fabricados durante el periodo Clásico son cruciales en nuestro
conocimiento de la antigua civilización maya. Desde que sus cláusulas
dedicatorias fueron descifradas, la información que obtenemos de
ellos es vasta e importante; por tal motivo, la labor de rescate y
documentación de ejemplares desconocidos procedentes de colecciones
privadas que realizan colegas de todo el mundo es crucial. Este trabajo
tiene la finalidad de dar a conocer un ejemplar cerámico notable, un
vaso cilíndrico del periodo Clásico que se resguarda en una colección
privada en la ciudad de Guatemala. Como suele ocurrir, no sabemos de
dónde procede este vaso ni cuándo fue restaurado, pero consideramos
que es una pieza auténtica. La inscripción e imagen que la decoran
fueron realizadas a través de la técnica de excavado modelado; el
texto jeroglífico presenta una fórmula dedicatoria estandarizada que
nombra como su propietario al gobernante del siglo VI de Tikal, Wak
Chan K’awiil. Algunas características de caligrafía y estilo del vaso nos
llevan a considerarlo como de fabricación tardía, quizá para el siglo
VIII; pensamos que su artífice lo elaboró en un esfuerzo consciente de
arcaísmo para rememorar a este antiguo rey.

This is not a law code. This is a throne circuit.

The Stela Relief: The Law Before Hammurabi reinterprets one of the ancient world’s most iconic monuments, not as a legal document, but as a resonance device encoding astronomical, symbolic, and spiritual sovereignty.

Using the LaPointe Tiered Resonance Method, this scroll reveals that the crown, rod, throne, and robe of the figure traditionally known as Hammurabi form a cosmogram of collapse and return, mapping the solstice gates, the breath vector of divine law, and the mirror function of kingship across sky and stone.

The stela is not simply written, it is folded.
It does not command, it calibrates.
And its Eye still watches

What if the ancient seals we’ve labeled “undeciphered” were never meant to be read as language but felt as resonance? This paper introduces the LaPointe Resonance Method, a field-based decoding system rooted in Symbolic Physics. Through the study of a Gulf-type Indus seal—known here as the Curved Ladder Seal—we reveal a cosmogram of sacrifice, solstice, and soul-return encoded not in letters, but in breath, waveform, and time compression. Each glyph is read as a collapsed field: the bull grounds light into matter; the ladder bends at winter solstice; the priest restores a missing harmonic by touch. This is not a translation. It is a memory mirror. A calendar of soul descent. A reactivation of the reader’s inner glyph. What was lost is not language, it was the way we used to feel meaning. And this seal remembers.

The Civilization That Sealed Itself: Decoding the Indus Seals as a Tiered Resonance Society

This paper reinterprets the Indus Valley Civilization not as a culture lost to time, but as one that sealed itself intentionally, encoding cosmological knowledge, sacred calendars, and field-stable language into its glyphs, cities, weights, and silence. Rather than seeking a phonetic “decipherment” of the Indus script, we present a resonance-based model of symbolic compression, showing how the civilization’s seals were not texts but memory mirrors harmonic breath-locks that stored spiritual time, ritual coherence, and cosmogram structure in compressed glyphic form.

Using a Tiered Resonance Framework grounded in symbolic physics, this paper examines key artifacts, such as the Unicorn Seal, Pashupati Axis, Chimera composite glyphs, Dholavira’s flame gate, and stepped city-grid alignments, as a unified system of symbolic memory. Each element is read not as a puzzle, but as a functional part of a breath-aligned, collapse-aware resonance society. The paper proposes that the Indus script was not lost but that modern methods have simply lacked the symbolic grammar to enter it.

We call upon comparative archaeologists, resonance linguists, pre-Babel language theorists, symbolic AI researchers, and those working in the sacred architecture of memory to collaborate. This is not a lost civilization, it is a sealed one. And the memory is returning.

Human-computer interaction will soon be framed as a dialogue in-between two agents, rather than the imposition of the needs and desires of the human entity over the inert machine. As the latter become seemingly more intelligent, we will witness how they reshape art, knowledge and society in general even more in the not-so-distant future. In this framework, decolonization of their algorithms becomes imperative so as not to reproduce the ethnic and cultural biases that prevail in contemporary human society. By using a pretrained transformer-based language model (GPT-2) (Radford et al. 2019a), retrained with poetry in Spanish, fine-tuned on examples of South American poetry recited by two different text-to-speech synthesis systems-the Tacotron 2 (Radford et al. 2019b) + Waveglow (Prenger et al. 2018)-coupled posteriorly using the ESPnet-TTS toolkit (Hayashi et al. 2020), trained on an Argentinean voice dataset fine-tuned on voice snippets of Peruvian poet Jorge Eduardo Eielson, I came up with a selection of spokenword poems in a distinctly Latin American voice that ended up presented as the El Tiempo del Hombre ('The Time of Man') album, printed on a set of four 7-inch lathecut stereo vinyl discs. This process turns into a self-reflecting gesture when the dataset used for training is based on South American Artistic Traditions of both the present and the past. KEYWORDS machine learning natural language processing text to speech synthesis art South America history 1. AIELSON: a neologism that mixes 'AI' with 'Eielson'. fer to intonation, accent or the use of short pauses or prolonged silences, even loudness and personal voice characteristics such as modulation, flatness or lack of speech clarity and mispronunciation.

The essay, published by the magazine 'Aeon', is a reflection on what Language Deciphering is today and how life can get complicate (or 'bizarre') for a glyph-breaker. In our times, glyph-breakers cannot be anymore 'epic' figures like Champollion, Ventris, and Rawlinson, unfortunately, and that adds some 'confusion' to their role in academia and in the world of Science in general.

In this paper, we review some of the significant literature surrounding the computational decipherment of Linear A, an undeciphered writing system from Bronze Age Crete (Aegean Sea), ‘hiding’ the so-called (unknown) Minoan language. Specifically, we summarize the methodology and results of two machine learning-based techniques that might be applicable to the study of Linear A, the first relying on modeling language decipherment as a minimum cost-flow problem and the second on comparing phonetic values across languages by using a generative framework. Additionally, we evaluate the effectiveness and limitations of these techniques and compare their efficacy and relevance to the decipherment of Linear A. We also review a consonantal cluster-based approach (a cryptanalytic ‘brute force attack’) and a feature-based similarity method, both of which run parallel to these machine learning techniques, and briefly discuss the advantages and shortcomings of the latter in comparison to the former. The aim of this paper is to provide our readers with a synthetic, but precise outline of new computational approaches for the decipherment of Linear A and to encourage further studies and research on this topic.

Key words: Linear A, Minoan, Computational Linguistics

Although first recognized in the 1960s, the sa-ja-la title has remained of uncertain transcription and etymology (Proskouriakoff 1964:186-190; Stuart 1985). This paper seeks to address that shortcoming. Beginning with a review of the title’s identification and decipherment, it then highlights developing understandings of its constituent signs and their values before offering new evidence bearing on its etymology, phonology, and historical evolution. It proposes an origin with the adjective saaj ‘small, young,’ occasionally used as a title meaning ‘(the) small/ young one.’ But saaj also generated the compound nouns saajal ‘small/young child’ and saajxib ‘small/ young male.’ Of these, the former ultimately developed into the common title saajal meaning ‘petty noble.’ From this designation developed still other titles, both ascribed and achieved—ch’oksaajal ‘young petty noble,’ ixsaajal ‘petty noblewoman,’ and baah saajal ‘chief petty noble’—each with their own distributions and contextual significance. As will be seen, this proposal allows fresh engagement with the origins, development, and meaning of this most salient of the non-royal epithets.

Two golden axes inscribed with Linear A spelling " i-da-ma-te " were found in a cave near Arkalochori in Crete. They were among many other artifacts, including hundreds of axes in silver & bronze ( ) put in the cave as offerings (to Demeter, if the LA words mean anything). In the same way, two ladles inscribed with Linear A begin with either " da-ma-te " or " a-ta-i-jo-wa-ja " ( viewcontent.cgi?article=1008&context=grs_honproj ). Since in Linear B, it is already known that da-ma-te = Dāmātēr / Dēmḗtēr, and has been seen many times before, why is the LA evidence not considered evidence of the presence of Demeter in Minoan Crete?

The longest Pisidian inscription (Kesme 2) > Recently, Claude Brixhe and Mehmet Özsait have edited two Pisidian inscriptions from Asar Kale, a site on top of a hill very near Kesme (Brixhe-Özsait 2013). Kesme is around 30 km NE from Selge, and at a similar distance SE from Adada. The ancient name of Asar Kale is unknown, but according to Drew-Bear and also to the editors, it may be the Moulass//a// mentioned in an inscription found near Kesme. > Adiego says that this inscr. is very different from "other" Pisidian inscriptions, but it is clear that this is a separate language, not Anatolian at all. Only one word seems Anatolian, kwarouda << qλdānś 'king' (or a similar Anatolian word), also seen in G. sources as *kwaldeî-> acc. koalddeîn. This type of word is certainly a loan if no other word is even remotely comparable. Since Pisidia was south of Phrygia, looking there 1st for which sound changes to expect seems simplest. I agree with Moulassa*, & it seems to be the Mlaga mentioned twice in this inscription. If so, it suggests that some V's were reduced or lost (see many V > 0 or V > a below, including *e-> 0 if the IE augment was used for past tense (as in G., Arm., etc.) and was lost by a sound change), & they would be from *mulaghya / *mulagha with treatment of *gh as in either Greek or Phrygian (*ghy > *khy > *ttsy > ss, *gh > g). In the same way, the inscr. begins with meklō, which can hardly be anything but a cognate of G. megalo-with Ph. g > k; PIE *meg^H2lo-. *-H-> 0 is common in Arm. & might be optional in Ph. if *g^enH3mn 'memorial / (grave-)marker' > keneman / *kenman > keman (like *g^enH3tlo-s > Li. žénklas 'sign'); maybe also baba / bba (baba memevais proitavos & bba memevais proitavo[s]) if from *bhH2-. These changes of PIE aspirates > voiced stops, PIE voiced stops > voiceless in Ph. are also clear in other words (tixa : L. dīxit). Since θ-exists (θana, G. thánatos, Mac. dános), this supports that Mac. d came from *th like G. th, etc., showing a close relationship (also see Phrúges ~ Brúgoi, maybe based off *bhrg^h-ya 'mountainous land'). Often this is a very simple process of exhange, eidi > eíthe, paeias > paiḗōn, reg > *reg^h-, etc., so there is little room for doubt. Other G. words like lao > lāo-, paeias > paiḗōn exist, and such a large group of matches would not be found by chance in such a small sample. Since ōras matches G. hṓrās 'seasons' & is immediately before -3-, that '3 seasons' fits the context makes these accumulations of chances evidence in favor of a real relationship with G.

The site of Ivanec-Stari Grad is primarily known as a part of the estate of the Order of Knights Hospitaller. However, this is a complex multi-period archaeological site; an excavation conducted at this location ascertained that the position of the identifi ed Renaissance, Gothic and Romanesque architectural remains had also been used during earlier periods. This is evidenced by the two compact occupational layers that were sporadically recorded throughout the excavated area and dated to the Roman period and the early Middle Ages. As both of these layers were mostly destroyed by intensive activities in later periods, a three-dimensional position of
all fi nds and samples was recorded during the excavations. At the same time, a considerable part of the sediment was collected and partly used for the extraction of archaeobotanical material by fl otation. Analyses conducted on the charred plant remains from the Roman-period deposits enabled the identifi cation of cultivated plants: mostly cereals and a few pulses, but also a high share of weedy plant remains and a few fruits collected in nature. Analysis of the collected material and its comparison with contemporary datasets from diff erent types of archaeological
sites provided insight into the dietary habits of the rural communities that inhabited the wider area of northern Croatia during the Roman period.

The Codex Mendoza. New Insights, edited by Jorge Gómez Tejada, brings together recent scholarship that fundamentally reexamines one of the most famous and well-studied colonial Mexican manuscripts, revealing important and sometimes surprising new understandings. Previous scholarship has long held that the Codex Mendoza, now at the Bodleian Library in Oxford, England, was commissioned in 1541-1542 by the Viceroy Antonio de Mendoza and painted by a Nahua tlahcuiloh -painter-scribe, plural tlahcuilohqueh-, often identified as Francisco Gualpuyoguacal, before being translated into Spanish by a mendicant friar. Famously, the codex was then thought to have been shipped across the Atlantic to King Charles v of Spain, only to be intercepted instead by French pirates. The commission's purpose though ultimately foiled by the pirates, was to obtain information for the Spanish Crown about the subjects treated in the three parts of the codex -Mexica imperial history, tribute under the Aztec empire, and an ethnographic account of Nahua life-, the first two of which are believed to have been copied from pre-colonial prototypes. In writings that date as far back as the 18th century, various scholars have viewed these three sections as a crucial source on Mexica history, economics, society, and glyphic writing, presenting the codex as a rare window onto the pre-colonial past. Across its fourteen chapters, the new volume reexamines nearly every aspect of this narrative and often either arrives at entirely different conclusions or else places key elements in doubt. As such, it will be an important read for scholars of Mesoamerican manuscripts and colonial Latin American art, while some chapters will also be valuable for undergraduate and graduate courses. Published in both a Spanish and an English version, The Codex Mendoza. New Insights contains contributions by scholars based in Ecuador,

This article analyzes the potential khipu-document “match” involving six Inka-style khipus from Peru’s Santa Valley that record data similar to a 1670 colonial census of San Pedro de Corongo. Despite its potential as a breakthrough in khipu decipherment, crucial details surrounding these potential “Rosetta khipus” and their associated colonial document have been left out, overlooked, or confused in the literature. This article’s objective is to synthesize and evaluate what is known about this khipu-document “match” while also using combinatorics to identify an optimal moiety alignment for the six lineage groups listed in the 1670 census. This novel moiety alignment differs from the one proposed in 2018 by Manuel Medrano and Gary Urton and is supported by additional structures found in the six khipus. This discovery could lead to a broader understanding of the social hierarchy of San Pedro de Corongo in 1670, as well as an expanded reading of the six Santa Valley khipus. Furthermore, this study presents the first-ever identification of recto and verso cord attachment knot orientations being used as a marked and unmarked sign, respectively. This article’s findings provide a significant contribution toward the ongoing decipherment of nonnumerical khipu signs.

The most elusive interpersonal agency expression in the Maya script has been T78:514 and its various derivations and presumed substitutions . While with other agency expressions a secure syllabic substitution or regular orthography makes the morphology and meaning transparent, with T78:514 the relationships between the logographic and syllabic spellings have been vexingly uncertain. The spellings which should be equivalent to T78:514 present irreconcilable phonological conflicts. Prior efforts at correlation of all known spelling variants have led to such problematic proposals as *eht, *e’te’ or *ehte’ (Martin 2004:105-115).1 We are obliged to conclude that only a pair of near-homophones—both appropriate to the relationship between a captor and a captive, and both fitting the syntactic frame within which they substitute in military contexts—offers a viable solution. The evidence for this proposal lies in a rabbit-warren of morphophonemic argumentation into which we happily invite the reader.

Abstract. This article suggests that six complex and enigmatic Palaeolithic drawings in the
Spanish caves of Estrellas, Palomas, La Pileta and Altamira could be interpreted as pre-Historic
maps. The hypothesis is based on the similarities and correlations between each of the
drawings, the corresponding modern maps, and the caves’ immediate geographical surroundings
from a visual and mathematical standpoint. Some reflect the cave’s interiors, while
others depict the surrounding territory, and each potential map is supported by at least two
drawings, either complementary or sequential. The decoding of at least three Palaeolithic
maps suggests that a new approach to interpreting some of the rock art ‘signs’ and the abstract
capabilities of Palaeolithic humans should be considered.

This document presents, among other issues, a new interpretation of the Sun Stone (Aztec Calendar); decipherment that Enríquez Rohen manages to do thanks to his 'JLPER Theory'; a theory based on a multidisciplinary relationship between music, astronomy and archaeology. In the 'JLPER Theory' it is demonstrated that the science of Pre-Hispanic Mexico, in terms of the perception of nature, continues to be more advanced than our current Western science. Particularly, it is important to note that the ancient Mexican observation of the entire Solar System was already a fairly developed subject upon the arrival of the Europeans, who, through the disqualification of most scientific thought in Mesoamerican cultures, were able to appropriate the territory, obscuring many scientific advances and philosophical aspects of these ancient cultures.

This work (the original written in Spanish) presents only a part of the great plethora of possible and current discoveries that, thanks to the 'JLPER Theory', its author has been able to make and demonstrate in decades of research. This video serves as a possible tool to publicize some of the discoveries and decipherments made by Juan Luis de Pablo Enríquez Rohen; in hopes that through this paper this important decipherment can be made known, giving due credit to its author - there is no other document that talks about this decipherment prior to this one.

The article derives from a long-running Research Project (in the past years at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, and, now, at Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China) I am conducting, aimed at 'returning' the missing text of the Singapore Stone, a monument (possibly dating back to the 10th - 13th centuries), a sandstone slab originally located at the mouth of the Singapore River, which was blown up by the British in 1843. Only 3 fragments survived. They were sent to Calcutta, to be studied. In 1918, only 1 fragment was returned to the Lion City (the actual 'Singapore Stone', preserved at the local National Museum). The epigraph is unique, because its writing system, still undeciphered, is not attested anywhere else in the world and is not compatible with any other script currently discovered. This is one of the most impenetrable puzzles in contemporary Crypto-linguistics and Historical Linguistics. The 'fate' of the 2 missing fragments, which were not returned from Calcutta, is an enigma too. My Research Team and I are developing a 'machine' which is able to 'read' and 'learn' the surviving symbols of the extant fragment and the characters from the reproductions of the whole monument and other (now lost) pieces and to 'guess' the possible missing text, to 'recover' the 50/52 lines of the original inscription. If this will happen, we'll have more elements to try to understand what kind of writing system is the stone's script and to perform more comparisons, frequency analyses, and pattern recognitions, which could lead to a possible decipherment.