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Chromatin Dynamics

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lightbulbAbout this topic
Chromatin dynamics refers to the study of the structural and functional changes in chromatin, the complex of DNA and proteins in the nucleus, that influence gene expression, DNA replication, and repair processes. It encompasses the mechanisms of chromatin remodeling, modifications, and the spatial organization of chromatin within the cell.
lightbulbAbout this topic
Chromatin dynamics refers to the study of the structural and functional changes in chromatin, the complex of DNA and proteins in the nucleus, that influence gene expression, DNA replication, and repair processes. It encompasses the mechanisms of chromatin remodeling, modifications, and the spatial organization of chromatin within the cell.

Key research themes

1. How do histone variants and their incorporation mechanisms influence chromatin dynamics and genome function?

This research theme focuses on the distinct roles of histone variants, which are incorporated into chromatin independently of DNA replication, and how their dynamic replacement of canonical histones modulates chromatin properties impacting transcription, DNA repair, and chromosome architecture. Understanding how histone variants serve as substrates for histone chaperones, remodelers, and modifying enzymes elucidates fundamental mechanisms of chromatin dynamics that regulate genome accessibility and function.

Key finding: This comprehensive review delineates that histone variants, unlike canonical histones assembled only during replication, are incorporated genome-wide throughout the cell cycle in a DNA synthesis-independent manner, altering... Read more
Key finding: Providing molecular insight into histone H1 variants and their intrinsically disordered N- and C-terminal domains, this work demonstrates that post-translational modifications modulate H1 folding and chromatin condensation.... Read more
Key finding: By conceptualizing chromatin remodeling as a kinetic proofreading mechanism, this work links specific histone modifications, remodeler recognition, and ATP-dependent nucleosome sliding to gene regulation dynamics mediated by... Read more

2. What are the structural and dynamic properties of chromatin domains and how do they influence genome organization and function in living cells?

This theme investigates the higher-order organization of chromatin into domains such as TADs and their dynamic behavior at multiple scales. It addresses how domain compaction, mobility, and crosslinking by proteins or chromatin remodelers modulate the accessibility and mechanical properties of chromatin, influencing processes like transcription, replication, and DNA repair. Polymer modeling combined with live-cell imaging and biophysical measurements reveals how chromatin dynamics are constrained or enabled by structural elements ranging from nucleosome positioning to nuclear lamin interactions.

Key finding: This study combines fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and chromatin conformation capture data to identify topologically and dynamically independent ~1 Mb chromatin domains best described by a loop-cluster polymer model.... Read more
Key finding: This work integrates live-cell imaging of fission yeast with polymer simulations to show that chromatin loops formed by SMC complexes (cohesin and condensin) constrain chromatin mobility, rather than drive it. Unexpectedly,... Read more
Key finding: This computational approach constructs polymer models from 5C chromosomal capture data incorporating both random and specific long-range connectors that recapitulate experimentally observed encounter probabilities. The... Read more
Key finding: By tracking histone H2A and lamin A using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy combined with single-plane illumination microscopy, this study finds that lamin A influences chromatin viscoelasticity by mediating... Read more
Key finding: Using live-cell tracking of single chromatin loci (including centromeres and telomeres) combined with Langevin-based viscoelastic modeling, this work quantifies the local harmonic restoring forces and viscoelastic properties... Read more

3. How do dynamic chromatin architectural rearrangements during development and cellular processes underlie phenotypic plasticity and genome regulation?

This theme explores the plastic and adaptive nature of chromatin architecture through epigenetic modifications, spatial organization including LAD-NE interactions, and dynamic nucleosome remodeling critical during development, differentiation, and stress responses. It highlights how chromatin folding reconfigurations contribute to phenotypic variability, transcriptional heterogeneity, and stress resilience, linking chromatin topology to functional outputs such as gene expression regulation, cellular aging, and disease phenotypes.

Key finding: Synthesizing recent progress, this review highlights how cell-type-specific rewiring of chromatin contacts, enhancer-promoter interactions, and TAD reorganization drive neural lineage specification and plasticity. It... Read more
Key finding: Combining multiscale modeling of chromatin packing with single-cell RNA sequencing and advanced microscopy, this work reveals that supranucleosomal chromatin packing scaling determines levels of transcriptional malleability... Read more
Key finding: This theoretical and computational study proposes that dynamic reorganization of heterochromatin islands—transient transcriptionally repressive chromatin domains—underlies heterochronic, polymorphic, and probabilistic... Read more
Key finding: Through coarse-grained polymer modeling of Drosophila genomes at TAD resolution considering epigenetic class-specific interactions and LAD-NE affinity, this study reveals that LADs exhibit highly dynamic attachment and... Read more
Key finding: This work uncovers a checkpoint-controlled cascade wherein histone methyltransferases G9a and SUV39h1 catalyze heterochromatin assembly at stressed replication forks via progressive H3K9 methylation, promoting chromatin... Read more

All papers in Chromatin Dynamics

PRC2 is a therapeutic target for several types of cancers currently undergoing clinical trials. Its activity is regulated by a positive feedback loop whereby its terminal enzymatic product, H3K27me3, is specifically recognized and bound... more
Genomes are constantly in flux, undergoing changes due to recombination, repair and mutagenesis. In vivo, many of such changes are studies using reporters for specific types of changes, or through cytological studies that detect changes... more
Epigenetic marks are reprogrammed in the gametes to reset genomic potential in the next generation. In mammals, paternal chromatin is extensively reprogrammed through the global erasure of DNA methylation and the exchange of histones with... more
Genomes are constantly in flux, undergoing changes due to recombination, repair and mutagenesis. In vivo, many of such changes are studies using reporters for specific types of changes, or through cytological studies that detect changes... more
Genomes are constantly in flux, undergoing changes due to recombination, repair and mutagenesis. In vivo, many of such changes are studies using reporters for specific types of changes, or through cytological studies that detect changes... more
Robertson's Mutator transposable elements in maize undergo cycles of activity and then inactivity that correlate with changes in cytosine methylation. Mutator-like elements are present in theArabidopsis genome but are heavily... more
Genomes are constantly in flux, undergoing changes due to recombination, repair and mutagenesis. In vivo, many of such changes are studies using reporters for specific types of changes, or through cytological studies that detect changes... more
Evidence obtained from studies with yeast and Xenopus indicate that the initiation of DNA replication is a multistep process. The origin recognition complex (ORC), Cdc6p, and minichromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins are required for... more
Epigenetic marks are reprogrammed in the gametes to reset genomic potential in the next generation. In mammals, paternal chromatin is extensively reprogrammed through the global erasure of DNA methylation and the exchange of histones with... more
Difficile de dormir ces derniers jours, cela va faire maintenant quatre ans que j'ai embarqué à bord du vaisseau Cavalli et dans quelques mois je rejoins la terre. Alors, je m'impatiente et en même temps je suis un peu triste car c'est... more
Background: Polycomb-group genes (PcG) encode proteins that maintain homeotic (Hox) gene repression throughout development. Conversely, trithorax-group (trxG) genes encode positive factors required for maintenance of long term Hox gene... more
subsequently associate with either new or parental histone H2A.H2B dimers to generate mature histone oc-and Bruce Stillman tamers (Jackson, 1990). In contrast to parental nucleo-Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory some segregation which, at... more
Post-translational modifications of core histones play an important role in the epigenetic regulation of chromatin dynamics and gene expression. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae methylation marks at K4, K36, and K79 of histone H3 are... more
Evidence obtained from studies with yeast and Xenopus indicate that the initiation of DNA replication is a multistep process. The origin recognition complex (ORC), Cdc6p, and minichromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins are required for... more
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The insulating properties required to delimit higher-order chromosomal domains have been shown to be shared by a variety of chromatin boundary elements (BEs). Boundary elements have been described in several species, from yeast to human,... more
Cancer cells frequently depend on chromatin regulatory activities to maintain a malignant phenotype. Here, we show that leukemia cells require the mammalian SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex for their survival and aberrant self-renewal... more
Evidence obtained from studies with yeast and Xenopus indicate that the initiation of DNA replication is a multistep process. The origin recognition complex (ORC), Cdc6p, and minichromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins are required for... more
The chromatin architecture is constantly changing due to cellular processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation and changes in the expression profile such as gene activation or silencing. Unraveling the changes that occur in the... more
Polycomb-group genes (PcG) encode proteins that maintain homeotic (Hox) gene repression throughout development. Conversely, trithorax-group (trxG) genes encode positive factors required for maintenance of long term Hox gene activation.... more
Plant lifelong organogenesis involves sequential, time and tissue specific expression of developmental genes. This requires activities of Polycomb Group (PcG) and trithorax Group complexes (trxG), respectively responsible for repressive... more
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae SIS2 gene was identified by its ability, when present on a high copy number plasmid, to increase dramatically the growth rate of sit4 mutants. SIT4 encodes a type 2A-related protein phosphatase that is... more
Chromatin-remodeling factors regulate the establishment of transcriptional programs during plant development. Although 42 genes encoding members of the SWI2/SNF2 family have been identified in Arabidopsis thaliana , <10 have been... more
et al. 2014. "Analysis of optimized DNase-seq reveals intrinsic bias in transcription factor footprint identification." Nature methods 11 (1): 73-78.
This study demonstrates, and confirms, that chromosome territory positioning is altered in primary senescent human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). The chromosome territory positioning pattern is very similar to that found in HDFs made... more
Transcriptional activation of eukaryotic genes is accompanied, in general, by a change in the sensitivity of promoter chromatin to endonucleases. The structural basis of this alteration has remained elusive for decades; but the change has... more
Transcriptional activation of eukaryotic genes is accompanied, in general, by a change in the sensitivity of promoter chromatin to endonucleases. The structural basis of this alteration has remained elusive for decades; but the change has... more
Polycomb-group genes (PcG) encode proteins that maintain homeotic (Hox) gene repression throughout development. Conversely, trithorax-group (trxG) genes encode positive factors required for maintenance of long term Hox gene activation.... more
The intranuclear distribution of nuclear matrix-associated protein p107 and the 28-kD Sm antigen of U-snRNPs have been studied using double-label immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase electron microscopy. In interphase nuclei of HeLa... more
Difficile de dormir ces derniers jours, cela va faire maintenant quatre ans que j'ai embarqué à bord du vaisseau Cavalli et dans quelques mois je rejoins la terre. Alors, je m'impatiente et en même temps je suis un peu triste car c'est... more
Transcriptional activation of eukaryotic genes is accompanied, in general, by a change in the sensitivity of promoter chromatin to endonucleases. The structural basis of this alteration has remained elusive for decades; but the change has... more
One of the most remarkable chromatin remodelling processes occurs during spermiogenesis, the post-meiotic phase of sperm development during which histones are replaced with sperm-specific protamines to repackage the genome into the highly... more
Transcriptional activation of eukaryotic genes is accompanied, in general, by a change in the sensitivity of promoter chromatin to endonucleases. The structural basis of this alteration has remained elusive for decades; but the change has... more
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