Coding Interview Question

Artikel “Cara Menggunakan Claude AI dalam Penelitian Keperawatan” membahas bagaimana teknologi kecerdasan buatan, khususnya Claude AI, dapat dimanfaatkan untuk mendukung berbagai tahap penelitian keperawatan, mulai dari pencarian literatur, perumusan masalah, penyusunan kerangka teori, hingga analisis dan penulisan hasil penelitian.

NotebookLM for Qualitative Research provides a comprehensive guide to integrating artificial intelligence into qualitative research processes, with a particular focus on Google’s NotebookLM as a source grounded AI tool. The book explores how researchers can use NotebookLM to enhance literature review, data organization, thematic analysis, and knowledge synthesis while maintaining methodological rigor. It emphasizes the tool’s ability to generate evidence-based insights from user-provided data, making it especially valuable for managing complex qualitative datasets. At the same time, the book critically addresses ethical issues, data privacy, and the necessity of human oversight. Designed for students, educators, and researchers, this book bridges traditional qualitative methods with modern AI-driven approaches, promoting efficient, transparent, and responsible research practices.

The design of reinforced concrete (RC) columns and slabs is a fundamental aspect of structural engineering, requiring adherence to safety, serviceability, and economic considerations. Traditional manual design methods, though effective, are often time-consuming and susceptible to computational errors, especially when dealing with complex geometries and multiple iterations. This study presents the formulation of simplified design tables and charts for reinforced concrete columns and slabs based on established design codes such as BS 8110 and Eurocode 2. Mathematical models were developed to derive expressions for reinforcement requirements at ultimate limit states (ULS). Additionally, a Python-based computational tool was developed to enhance accuracy and efficiency in structural design. Results obtained from the developed charts and program were validated against standard code provisions, demonstrating high accuracy and improved efficiency. The study contributes to simplifying structural design processes while maintaining reliability and safety in engineering practice [1], [2].

To identify the dominant cultural models among parents transmitting faith to their children, we find few methodological guidelines to guide coding and analysis of semi-structured interviews. We thus developed a three-phase procedure for our research team. Phase-one follows Campbell et al. by unitizing on meanings rather than words/pages, including creating decision rules documents, keyword lists, and summary memos. We provide empirical support for the reliability of those procedures and contribute by adding final validity checks into phase one and a new set of second-order coding procedures as phase two and phase three, as suggested by Miles and Huberman, to transform theme analysis into patterned findings. Phase two codes the latent patterns underlying the phase-one thematic codes. Phase three quantifies phase-two codes into matrices. Although time intensive, other researchers can apply these procedures to produce transparent, auditable findings.

In international management research, cross-cultural qualitative
studies are often faced with linguistic diversity, subtle cultural nuances and contextual ambiguity, all of which can complicate data interpretation and interrater reliability. This paper proposes that Artificial Intelligence, and particularly Large Language Models can provide vital support in addressing these challenges by aiding culture-sensitive coding. We develop a step-by-step process model in which Large Language Models are integrated into the interrater reliability workflow as collaborative partners rather than replacements for human coders. By leveraging the scalability, linguistic versatility and pattern-recognition capabilities of Large Language Models, researchers can achieve greater coding consistency, reduce cognitive overload and enhance sensitivity to cultural and contextual variations in qualitative data. Illustrated through a hypothetical example of cross-cultural networking behaviour, the model demonstrates how Al-assisted coding can amplify human judgment in iterative coding cycles, offering a more robust and inclusive approach to interrater reliability. In doing so, this paper advances methodological practice by showing how human-machine collaboration can refine culture-sensitive analysis and strengthen the validity of  qualitative research in international management.

Setiap metode penelitian memiliki fitur, tujuan, dan pendekatan yang unik yang disesuaikan dengan jenis masalah yang diselidiki. Grounded Theory adalah salah satu pendekatan yang cukup populer dalam penelitian kualitatif dan memiliki kekuatan untuk melakukan analisis mendalam. Metode ini muncul sebagai tanggapan terhadap keterbatasan penelitian yang terlalu bergantung pada teori-teori yang sudah ada, tanpa memberikan ruang yang cukup bagi realitas empiris untuk berbicara.

This paper examines a Python program that implements a graphical calculator using the Tkinter toolkit. The analysis dissects the structure of the script, reviewing each widget, function, and control-flow element involved in constructing the GUI. It also outlines the pedagogical advantages of introducing GUI programming to beginners, specifically through Tkinter in Python.

This paper presents an enhanced Python-based console app designed to simulate a menu ordering system using dictionaries and structured programming principles. The program supports input validation, itemized summaries, cost calculations, and file output, demonstrating fundamental concepts in software design for educational and applied use cases.

This article presents my simple yet elegant Python implementation for converting integers into Roman Numerals. Roman Numerals remain an important topic in classic studies, algorithm design, and historical data encoding. The following code demonstrates a greedy algorithmic approach, ideal for educational purposes and introductory programming studies. This implementation is dissected step-by-step, providing clear and direct explanation of algorithm design, data structures, and control flow mechanisms. This work is suited for students, educators, and researchers interested in educational tooling, and beginner-friendly algorithm examples.

Materi ini menyajikan panduan lengkap mengenai penggunaan flowchart sebagai alat bantu visual untuk memahami alur logika pemrograman, khususnya bagi siswa kelas VII. Flowchart didefinisikan sebagai representasi grafis yang menggunakan simbol standar untuk menggambarkan urutan langkah, tugas, atau keputusan dalam suatu proses. Dalam konteks koding, flowchart berfungsi untuk memvisualisasikan algoritma yang kompleks, mendeteksi kesalahan logika sejak dini, serta menjadi dokumentasi program yang jelas.
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Presentasi ini merinci simbol-simbol dasar seperti terminator, process, decision, dan input/output, serta memberikan panduan langkah demi langkah dalam menyusun alur yang logis . Melalui contoh konkret penentuan bilangan ganjil atau genap, dijelaskan perbedaan antara flowchart sebagai alat visual dan algoritma sebagai urutan langkah sistematis. Penguasaan materi ini diharapkan dapat membantu siswa membangun fondasi berpikir sistematis dan memahami logika dasar pemrograman sebelum memasuki tahap penulisan kode yang sebenarnya.

Kata Kunci: Flowchart, Logika Pemrograman, Algoritma, Koding Kelas VII, Visualisasi Proses.

This study investigates the effect of the damping coefficient on the transverse displacement and rotation of a prestressed shear beam resting on an elastic foundation and subjected to a moving load at a constant velocity. The governing equations are coupled second-order partial differential equations. To facilitate the analysis, the finite Fourier series method was utilized, converting these equations into a set of coupled second-order ordinary differential equations. The resulting equations that characterize the motion of the beam-load system were then solved using Laplace transformation alongside convolution theory to derive the solutions. Analyses were performed to assess the effect of the damping coefficient on both the transverse displacement and rotation of prestressed shear beams of different lengths when subjected the moving load at different velocities respectively. Furthermore, the research investigates the effect of the damping coefficient on the critical velocities of the vibrating system. The results indicate that the transverse displacement and rotation of the beam significantly decrease as the damping coefficient increases. Additionally, it was observed that an increase in the damping coefficient corresponds to increase in the critical velocity, suggesting a more stable dynamic system. Practically, this connotes the significance of the damping coefficient in enhancing the dynamic stability of the beam under the influence of a moving load.

For a long time, natural stone has helped shape both architectural and interior designs due to its true spirit, strong durability, and attractive appearance. On the other hand, making use of natural stone slabs can be quite limiting since they are heavy to handle, hard to fit into place, and usually cost more, making them less suitable for new designs that demand flexibility, timeliness, and being environmentally safe. To overcome these issues, STONOVIA stone veneers give you an excellent alternative approach. Because stone is applied to a flexible composite, these products keep the real stone's appearance but are much lighter and easier to place. This article compares the material, weight, ease of fixing, suitability, affordability, durability, and how attractive these two types of stone are, STONOVIA flexible stone veneers and conventional stone slabs. Analysis indicates that STONOVIA widens the range of uses for natural stone in interior and exterior areas, like curved surfaces, ceilings, various pieces of furniture, and things used on the go. In explaining both the technical and design sides of things, this article aims to direct architects, builders, and homeowners to make better material decisions that meet form, function, and care for the environment. STONOVIA meets the current needs in design without ever losing the realistic look and texture of natural stone.

Buku komprehensif ini berfungsi sebagai panduan praktis dan teoretis untuk melakukan penelitian kualitatif menggunakan NVivo, salah satu perangkat lunak terkemuka untuk analisis data kualitatif. Buku ini dirancang bagi mahasiswa, peneliti, dan praktisi lintas disiplin ilmu yang ingin memahami dan menerapkan metodologi kualitatif dengan percaya diri dan presisi.
Buku ini diawali dengan pengantar dasar penelitian kualitatif—menjelajahi filosofi, konsep kunci (tema, kode, kategori), dan desain penelitian umum seperti studi kasus, etnografi, dan grounded theory. Pembaca akan mendapatkan landasan teori yang kuat untuk menginformasikan praktik penelitian mereka.
Fokus utama buku ini adalah navigasi langkah demi langkah perangkat lunak NVivo, mulai dari instalasi, pembuatan proyek, hingga pengimporan berbagai jenis data termasuk hasil wawancara, kelompok fokus, catatan lapangan, PDF, multimedia, dan data survei. Bab demi bab secara detail membahas cara mengelola sumber, menyusun kasus, dan mengelola data demografi dan klasifikasi secara efisien.
Buku ini memandu pembaca melalui proses pengkodean (Koding) baik manual dan otomatis, termasuk pengodean hierarkis dan teknik-teknik lanjutan seperti pengodean terbuka, aksial, dan selektif dari metodologi grounded theory. Buku ini menekankan pentingnya penulisan memo dan kode penghubung (linking codes) untuk memperdalam analisis.

This study investigates the effect of the damping coefficient on the transverse displacement and rotation of a prestressed shear beam resting on an elastic foundation and subjected to a moving load at a constant velocity. The governing equations are coupled second-order partial differential equations. To facilitate the analysis, the finite Fourier series method was utilized, converting these equations into a set of coupled second-order ordinary differential equations. The resulting equations that characterize the motion of the beam-load system were then solved using Laplace transformation alongside convolution theory to derive the solutions. Analyses were performed to assess the effect of the damping coefficient on both the transverse displacement and rotation of prestressed shear beams of different lengths when subjected the moving load at different velocities respectively. Furthermore, the research investigates the effect of the damping coefficient on the critical velocities of the vibrating system. The results indicate that the transverse displacement and rotation of the beam significantly decrease as the damping coefficient increases. Additionally, it was observed that an increase in the damping coefficient corresponds to increase in the critical velocity, suggesting a more stable dynamic system. Practically, this connotes the significance of the damping coefficient in enhancing the dynamic stability of the beam under the influence of a moving load.

This research designed, analyzed, and detailed concrete bridge substructures in accordance with Eurocodes
using both manual and computer methods. The design focused exclusively on the substructure—the lower part
of a bridge—which supports the horizontal spans by carrying the weights of the superstructural members. In this
work, a Python-based computer program was developed to design, analyze, and detail the bridge substructures.
The Python program specifically addressed the design and analysis of abutments and pier caps using Courbon’s
method, incorporating advanced algorithms and visualization techniques.
The bridge spans considered ranged from 23.2 m to 40 m. The maximum design bending moments, maximum
shear forces, and axial forces were 935.90 kNm, 366.69 kN, and 682.48 kN respectively. Manual analyses and
designs were performed for bridge spans of 23.2 m, 25 m, 30 m, 35 m, and 40 m, and these results were then
compared with those obtained from the Python program. The comparison showed that the outcomes from both
the manual and Python-based analyses were essentially the same, with percentage differences of less than 1%.
This validation confirms that the developed Python program complies with Eurocodes BS EN 1992-1-1, BS EN
1991-1-4, and BS EN 1991-2, and can serve as a reliable and efficient tool for the analysis and design of bridge
substructures. Consequently, these Eurocodes can be easily applied using this Python program to design bridge
substructures with considerations for safety, serviceability, and economy. The Python-based tool enhances the
performance of bridge structures by offering quick, accurate, and reliable analyses and designs.

A reliable interview protocol is the key to obtain good quality interview data. However, developing a valid interview protocol is not a simple task, especially for beginner-level researchers. Extensive understanding of the research topic is no guarantee to quality interview findings because many other factors may affect the interview process. In our study among injured workers in Malaysia, researchers face additional challenge of interviewing multi-ethnic and multi-cultural study population. Most of them are also from lower socioeconomic status and education level. The objective of this study is to refine the pre-constructed interview protocol to address these challenges for valid data collection. The protocol must be easily understood and cover all research objectives to gain insights of the worker’s return to work experience. This article demonstrated the use of the 4-step Interview Protocol Refinement (IPR) Framework on the interview questionnaire. The steps were (1) ensuring ali...

This is an extract of three chapters from a thesis. The extract deals with how the constructivist grounded theory was used as a methodology and methods in a study towards developing a framework for aligning corporate strategy and organisational culture to promote business effectiveness using the case of a South African enterprise. Coding was used to convert empirically obtained data to codes, concepts, categories and finally, the emergence of descriptive and analytical themes is observed.

The aim of this research was to determine the teachers’ perceptions about the concept of "midterm break" and "ideal midterm break" through metaphors. The research was designed descriptively and conducted in the phenomenology pattern, one of the qualitative research methods. 414 teachers working in public schools in the 2019-2020 academic year constitute the working group of the research. As the data collection tool, “Midterm break was like …, because…” regarding the midterm break practice, which was implemented for the first time in 2019 in Turkey. And “Midterm break should be like …, because …”, an open-ended online questionnaire containing conceptual/ideal metaphor questions and demographic information were used. The collected data were analyzed with content analysis method in qualitative research design. In the analysis of the data, categories and themes were created from the metaphors that emerged with the coding based on the analogy, characterization and evaluation aspects of the figurative images. Whether the metaphors represent conceptual categories has been confirmed by the researchers. As a result of the analysis, 274 different metaphors related to the midterm break in seven conceptual categories, and 310 different metaphors in the ideal midterm break were collected in nine ideal categories. The believes that the midterm holiday increases the motivation and provides opportunities and on contrast the believes that midterm holiday is waste of time and cannot be conducted well form the basis of conceptual themes. On the other hand the themes regarding the ideal midterm holiday provided by the teachers are improving, can be applied, resting, enjoying and open to participation. As the result of the study, it is found that the meaning given to midterm holiday by the teachers is positive and it is seen that the belief that it will be more planned and useful by the time is common.

У статті приділено увагу ретроспективній системі як одній з двох сучасних найпоширеніших форм збору даних про мігрантів. Окреслено, що вона є знаряддям, що інструментально надає можливість сформувати бази даних для конкретно обраного періоду часу, що вже минув, а не безперервно, коли події відбуваються безпосередньо. Зазначено, що ретроспективну систему найчастіше апробують через методи, як перепис населення й опитування (вибіркові розвідки) за один або кілька раундів, використовуючи базові (місце народження та місце попереднього проживання) та додаткові (громадянство і національність) міграційні питання. Також фокус уваги зосереджено на розкритті загальних методологічних обмежень цієї форми збору даних, зокрема кодуванні, агрегації, вибірки, системі підрахунку голосів та інтерпретації, наявність яких зумовлена різними чинниками, серед яких ключовими є зменшення фінансових витрат, обсягів залучення людського ресурсу та часу для виконання завдань. У статті висвітлено, що частина методологічних обмежень спрямована на те, аби дані були більш репрезентативні, а інші — зводяться до їхнього адекватного пояснення у комплексному взаємозв’язку причин та наслідків міграційних процесів, обсягів чинних потоків та пошуку тенденцій. Обґрунтовано, що причинами популярності ретроспективної системи збору даних про мігрантів серед країн є об’єктивна диференціація між країнами по всьому світі (зокрема фінансова і технологічна), проблема узгодження і координації спільних зусиль поміж урядами національних держав для реалізації постійних реєстрів мігрантів під час створення інформаційних потоків і підтримка більшістю ініціативи проведення переписів населення з включенням міграційних запитань до їх складу у найближчій перспективі.

This paper describes how one researcher learned to overcome artificial intelligence (AI) paralysis and embrace ChatPDF. This freely available AI application uses natural language processing (NLP) to respond to user queries about an uploaded PDF. Researcher insights from experimenting with the AI tool ChatPDF for qualitative data analysis are presented, highlighting the advantages, pitfalls, and application-related considerations. As a two-phase curiosity experiment, the researcher engaged in a theory-building exercise to explore key concepts for understanding when using ChatPDF to assist researchers in qualitative data analysis. The experiment generated insights about the purposeful use of AI tools that incorporate NLP for analysis and the risks of inaccuracy when researchers are not familiar with the data or skilled in prompt engineering. Insights raise questions about whether ChatPDF is a viable research assistant for qualitative researchers, ethical issues with specific forms of qualitative data, and the potential of AI tools for community and student researchers.

The purpose of this phenomenological study is to explore the emotional intelligence and resiliency of leaders in diverse environments in the United States (Creswell, 2013).
The appreciative inquiry questionnaire provided rich content to study leaders in diverse environments to understand the balance between emotional intelligence and resiliency to appreciate what is working in the organization (Cooperrider, Whitney, & Stavros, 2008).

Continuous-time event sequences represent discrete events occurring in continuous time. Such sequences arise frequently in real-life and cover a wide variety of natural events, such as earthquakes, or events corresponding to human actions, such as medical administrations. Usually we expect the event sequences to follow some regular pattern over time. However, sometimes these regular patterns may be interrupted by unexpected absence or unexpected occurrences of events. Identification of these unexpected cases can be very important as they may point to abnormal situations that need human attention. In this work, we study and develop methods for detecting outliers in continuous-time event sequences, including unexpected absence and unexpected occurrences of events. Since the patterns that event sequences tend to follow may change in different contexts, we develop outlier detection methods based on point processes that take into account different contexts. Our outlier scoring methods are based on Bayesian decision theory and hypothesis testing with theoretical guarantees. To test the performance of the methods, we conduct experiments on both synthetic data and real-world clinical data and show the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

Continuous-time event sequences represent discrete events occurring in continuous time. Such sequences arise frequently in real-life and cover a wide variety of natural events, such as earthquakes, or events corresponding to human actions, such as medical administrations. Usually we expect the event sequences to follow some regular pattern over time. However, sometimes these regular patterns may be interrupted by unexpected absence or unexpected occurrences of events. Identification of these unexpected cases can be very important as they may point to abnormal situations that need human attention. In this work, we study and develop methods for detecting outliers in continuous-time event sequences, including unexpected absence and unexpected occurrences of events. Since the patterns that event sequences tend to follow may change in different contexts, we develop outlier detection methods based on point processes that take into account different contexts. Our outlier scoring methods are based on Bayesian decision theory and hypothesis testing with theoretical guarantees. To test the performance of the methods, we conduct experiments on both synthetic data and real-world clinical data and show the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

Prolog-komentar "Autorkin pristup literarnom delu je višeslojan pa stoga i višeznačan, jer ponire u mitološke prapotke bića, a da pritom doseže i do novootvorene dimenzije novorođenog bitka. Uputiti se njegovom stazom znači pre svega to da su sva uputstva data već samim njegovim štivom. Pažljivom čitaocu tako je omogućeno da dopre do jezgra ujedno krajnosno individualnog i kolektivnog arhetipskog polazišta. Autorka zbog toga neprestano vraća čitaoca-koji, obujmljen avanturom lavirintne recepcije dela, naprosto guta njen tekst-na rad hodočitanja; tačnije, praćenja onog magmatičkog toka njenih rečenica gde se lava-kao čist uvid-sliva u nutrinu predloženog štiva: odatle sledi eruptivnost sile finalno zaokružene spoznaje kakva se najzad formira u krunište njenog smisla. Otud je i put te lave put Uroborosa, stalno prisutan jer ishodi iz uhoda. Upravo zbog toga (što materiju prima nisu zaokružili u sebi) njena je literatura mnogima hermetična, a da je u svojoj suštini ona tek hermetizovana (kao mogući odslik tablica). Pronalaženjem žižne tačke u njenom tekstu ta se vnutarnja vatra konačno preobražava u zvezduvodilju kakva naveštava upravo onu iskru duha koja posvećenom čitaocu iscrtava strmi put ka Anankinim sferama." (Predrag Todorović, pisac i ilustrator drevnih i modernih bajki i mitologija).

The purpose of this article is to provide the necessary tools for institutional researchers to conduct a logistic regression analysis and interpret the results. Aspects of the logistic regression procedure that are necessary to evaluate models are presented and discussed with an emphasis on cutoff values and choosing the appropriate number of candidate predictor variables. In order to demonstrate the process of conducting a logistic regression analysis, models are generated using educational background measures (e.g., last grade in English, high school grade point average, etc.) to predict the dichotomous outcome of success (i.e., grade of A, B, C, or CR) in an English course. At the same time, the information presented here can be applied to other logistic regression studies. Topics covered include setting up the database, dummy coding, data reduction, multicollinearity, missing cases, setting the cutoff value, interpretation of the results, selecting a model, and the interpretatio...

In this paper, a compression technique that is purely lossless is proposed for grey-scale images. Here we obtained a subband of images using a hybrid scheme which involves predictive coding followed by integer wavelet transform. Integer-to-integer wavelet transform for lossless compression is presented as nowadays medical data retrieval, storage and management has become complex. In this paper some parameters like entropy and scaled entropy is calculated, so as to evaluate the proposed technique performance.

R is an open source language and environment for statistical computing, data mining, modeling, and data graphics. It provides a wide variety of statistical and graphical techniques such as linear and non-linear modeling, statistical tests, time series analysis, classification, and clustering. R is one of the most used business analytics tools. For example, Facebook uses R for behavior analysis related to status updates and profile pictures. Google uses it to analyze advertising effectiveness and economic forecasting. Twitter leverages R for data visualization and semantic clustering.

This course aims to facilitate the participant's first steps in R and equip them with the tools and understanding to expand their technical know-how according to the needs of their specific research. It is neither a computer science nor a methodological course, but aimed at the practical needs of empirically working researchers. Participants' will learn how to programme in R and how to use R for effective data analysis and visualization. The course begins with developing a basic understanding of the R working environment. Then participants are introduced to the necessary arithmetic and logical operators, salient functions for manipulating data, and getting help using R. Next, the common data structures, variables, and data types used in R, are demonstrated and applied. Participants also learn to write R scripts and build R markdown documents to share their code with others. Further, participants utilize the various packages available in R for visualization, reporting, data manipulation, and statistical analysis.

El curso brinda herramientas prácticas para el análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo para la Ciencia Política. La modalidad del curso será de tipo taller, con ejercicios prácticos, que implican que los y las alumnas realicen trabajo de campo propio durante el curso, usando las herramientas vistas en clase. El curso se centrará en el diseño de cuestionarios, la implementación y el análisis de encuestas y las entrevistas cualitativas. Cada parte ocupará la mitad del curso. En la parte cuantitativa se proporcionarán elementos para la construcción de un cuestionario tipo encuesta y su aplicación en campo. Se presentarán también bloques de preguntas sobre temas relacionados a la Ciencia Política. Al final, el curso presentará el nexo de los cuestionarios, las bases de datos y el análisis estadístico exploratorio de la información recogida. En la parte cualitativa se discutirán los diferentes tipos de entrevista cualitativa, la preparación y la elaboración de guías de entrevista, la realización de las mismas y la sistematización, el análisis y la interpretación de la información obtenida. Al final del curso, se espera que los alumnos tengan las habilidades para diseñar sus propias herramientas de recojo de información (encuestas y entrevistas), analizarlas apropiadamente y conocer las ventajas y las limitaciones de cada metodología y sus instrumentos.

The purpose of this article is to provide the necessary tools for institutional researchers to conduct a logistic regression analysis and interpret the results. Aspects of the logistic regression procedure that are necessary to evaluate models are presented and discussed with an emphasis on cutoff values and choosing the appropriate number of candidate predictor variables. In order to demonstrate the process of conducting a logistic regression analysis, models are generated using educational background measures (e.g., last grade in English, high school grade point average, etc.) to predict the dichotomous outcome of success (i.e., grade of A, B, C, or CR) in an English course. At the same time, the information presented here can be applied to other logistic regression studies. Topics covered include setting up the database, dummy coding, data reduction, multicollinearity, missing cases, setting the cutoff value, interpretation of the results, selecting a model, and the interpretation of odds ratios when they are negative.

Bessy Albrecht-Ross, Susanne Leitner, Lea Putz-Erath, Kerstin Rego, Kathrin Rohde, Nicole Weydmann (2016). "Falls meine Kleine weint, muss ich mal kurz weg" – Von den Möglichkeiten und Herausforderungen einer Online-Grounded-Theory-Arbeitsgruppe. In: Claudia Equit und Christoph Hohage, Handbuch Grounded Theory – von der Methodologie zur Forschungspraxis.

Nitel veri analizine yönelik dersler verdiğim sıralarda kodlamanın nasıl yapılacağı hususunun öğrencilerim açısından en önemli ve yapılması güç bir işlem olduğunu farkettim. Eğitim ve işletme alanlarında yüksek lisans ve doktora yapan öğrencilerimin soruları sıklıkla kodlamanın ne olduğu ve nasıl yapılması gerektiği üzerineydi. Bununla birlikte öğrencilerime uygulama örnekleri bulunan bir kitap da öneremiyordum. Teorik kitaplar ise öğrencilerimin uygulama yapmalarında yeterli olmuyordu. Bütün bu nedenlerden dolayı bu kitabı yazmaya karar verdim. Kitapta Tümevarım içerik analizinin nasıl yapılacağına dair uygulama örnekleri bulunmaktadır. Bu analizlerden ilkinde açık kodlama (opencoding), bu kodlamada dikkat edilmesi gereken hususlardan kod tanım tablosunun oluşturulması, tekrar kodlama ve kod analiz tablolarının oluşturulması gibi hususlara değinilmektedir. Bununla birlikte kodlama güvenirlik hesabına yönelik bilgiler de yine bu bölümde verilmektedir. Bu kitap Platonun metinlerinden ilham alınarak diyalog tarzında yazılmıştır. Kitapta bir doktora öğrencisi olan Defne ile bir bilge arasında geçen diyaloglar görülecektir. Defne, bilgisi sınırlı fakat öğrenmeye meraklı bir öğrenci iken bilge, bu konuda araştırma ve okumalar yapan bir kişidir. Aralarında geçen diyaloglarda nitel araştırmaların dayandığı felsefi yaklaşım, bu araştırma türünün veri toplamada kullanmış olduğu yöntemler, veri analizinde kodlama, veri toplama ve veri analiz sürecinde güvenirlik ve geçerlilik analizleri ve veri betimlemesi ile analiz aşamaları tartışılmaktadır. Defne bu süreçte biz okuyucuların aklına gelebilecek soruları bizim yerimize bilgeye sormakta, aldığı yanıtların doğruluğunu sorgulamakta ve analizleri kendisi yaparak süreç içerisinde pasif bir dinleyici olmaktan öteye giderek aktif bir katılımcı rolünü benimsemektedir. Bu tarzda bir anlatımın, kitapta verilmesi hedeflenen bilgilerin okur tarafından daha kolay anlaşılması amacıyla
yapılmıştır.

This case study discusses an inquiry conducted with adolescents living in an internally displaced people’s camp in the Philippines. It provides an in-depth illustration of the course of action that was followed to undertake research on the experience of a participatory art and media project, and offers insights on the process adopted to develop the theoretical framework that was used to analyze participants’ interviews. With the aim of identifying the outcomes of United Nations Children’s Fund Art for Development program on at-risk adolescents living in an internally displaced people camp near the city of Zamboanga, more specifically, this case study considers how notions from participatory art practice, communication for development, peacebuilding, and adolescents’ engagement in humanitarian response have been useful in the research and analysis process to gain an understanding of the experience that the program participants had and of their way of expressing themselves through art.

"JUnit is a unit testing framework for the Java programming language. JUnit has been important in the development of test-driven development, and is one of a family of unit testing frameworks which is collectively known as xUnit that originated with SUnit. The framework resides under package junit.framework for JUnit 3.8 and earlier, and under package org.junit for JUnit 4 and later.
A research survey performed in 2013 across 10,000 Java projects hosted on GitHub found that JUnit, was the most commonly included external library."

- JUnit Wikipedia

Major communications systems that rely on Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) spreads the bandwidth of the transmitted signal over a wide frequency band by employing pseudorandom code sequences. Transposed FIR filter is a variation of the direct FIR model. A direct form FIR filter can be altered into a Transposed FIR filter by exchanging input and output, changing the direction of signal flow and also by substituting an adder by a fork and vice versa. Classic analog filters are rapidly getting replaced by digital filters. Digital filters can be implemented using Programmable DSP with MAC. Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) technology will be able to provide multiple MACs for high-bandwidth signal processing applications to achieve the desired throughput. Xilinx tool can be used to design the conventional filter and pseudo random sequence generator. The errors in hardware are treated by SEC as noise in communication networks and for compensation of errors, robust elimination technique can be employed when compared with other conventional methods.

Simulation has been an important topic in computer science since the earliest computers were used for deterministic simulations of ballistic trajectories. The need for sophisticated simulations has increased at least as fast as has the power of desktop machines and supercomputers.