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Cognitive Bias

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lightbulbAbout this topic
Cognitive bias refers to systematic patterns of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment, where individuals create their own 'subjective reality' based on their perceptions. These biases can affect decision-making, reasoning, and problem-solving, often leading to illogical conclusions and errors in thinking.
lightbulbAbout this topic
Cognitive bias refers to systematic patterns of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment, where individuals create their own 'subjective reality' based on their perceptions. These biases can affect decision-making, reasoning, and problem-solving, often leading to illogical conclusions and errors in thinking.

Key research themes

1. How can the nature and mechanisms of implicit bias be theoretically characterized to explain its persistence and unawareness?

This theme investigates the metaphysical and cognitive structure of implicit bias, focusing on how implicit biases manifest in mental states or behaviors despite individuals' lack of full awareness or endorsement. Understanding these underlying mental architectures is vital to explaining why implicit biases are automatic, resilient to change, and often remain inaccessible to introspection, which has direct implications for bias mitigation strategies.

Key finding: Develops a novel 'qualief' model that conceptualizes implicit bias as belief-like mental states partly constituted by phenomenal experiences. This model explains key features of implicit bias such as automaticity,... Read more
Key finding: Advocates a behavioral perspective viewing implicit bias as behavior automatically influenced by social group cues rather than latent mental constructs. This re-conceptualization shifts research goals towards studying... Read more

2. What are the characteristics, measurement, and developmental trajectory of the bias blind spot as a distinct meta-bias affecting self-awareness and openness to bias mitigation?

This theme examines the phenomenon wherein individuals underestimate their own susceptibility to cognitive biases relative to others (the bias blind spot). It explores tools for measuring this meta-bias, its psychological underpinnings—such as introspection illusions and naive realism—and developmental aspects revealing how skepticism toward others' biases increases with age. Understanding this meta-bias is crucial as it impedes recognition of personal biases and reduces receptiveness to debiasing interventions.

Key finding: Developed and validated a reliable, unidimensional scale to quantify individual differences in bias blind spot propensity, demonstrating it to be a unique meta-bias construct distinct from intelligence, decision-making... Read more
Key finding: Demonstrated that the bias blind spot exists in children as young as seven, with both younger and older children rating themselves as less biased than peers specifically for biased behaviors. Older children displayed stronger... Read more

3. How effective are serious games and feedback interventions in mitigating cognitive biases, and what theoretical frameworks inform their design?

This theme focuses on the application of serious gaming and feedback mechanisms as educational and training tools for bias recognition and mitigation. It investigates design elements such as feedback timing, source, and repetition, as well as theoretical cognitive models like dual-process reasoning that guide these interventions. Findings inform best practices for scalable, immersive training modalities aimed at reducing the negative impact of cognitive biases in decision-making.

Key finding: Found that digital serious games significantly outperform traditional video instruction in bias mitigation, with longer duration and repeated feedback enhancing effectiveness. Computer-generated feedback was more effective... Read more
by Carl Symborski and 
1 more
Key finding: Developed a serious game targeting confirmation bias, fundamental attribution error, and bias blind spot, using scenarios invoking cognitive biases and providing post-level feedback. Demonstrated that the game effectively... Read more
Key finding: Presented the design of a serious game informed by a cognitive bias framework linking biases, their causes, and mitigation strategies based on dual-process models of reasoning. Preliminary efficacy data indicated the game... Read more

All papers in Cognitive Bias

On May 28, 2026, Anthropic released Opus 4.8, marketed as its most honest model to date-"four times less likely to let flaws pass without flagging them" [1] and designed to "push back when a plan isn't sound" [1]. This paper documents the... more
Video evidence has become central to modern police use-of-force investigations and litigation. Body-worn cameras, surveillance systems, dashcams, and cell phone recordings now shape how investigators, attorneys, jurors, agencies, and the... more
AI systems do not generate bias from nothing. They inherit it, from centuries of human-produced text, image, story, institutional record, and cultural assumption, and then they scale it, often invisibly, at civilizational reach. This... more
On the basis of the analysis of past case studies of crashes or disasters, it has been clarified how cultural difference and cognitive biases become a trigger of serious crashes or disasters. Heuristic-based biases such as confirmation... more
Social cognition research has closely examined the processes that are involved in the correction for contaminating influences on judgment. Little is known, however, about how a contaminating influence is detected in the first place. To... more
Two experiments investigated the influence of approach/avoidance-related motor actions on attention allocation to affective stimuli. Employing a modified visual search paradigm, Experiment 1 demonstrated that orientation-incongruent... more
For two hundred thousand years, the human brain evolved in a world surrounded by other humans, intelligent social creatures whose influence was constrained by biology, geography, and individual attention; modern AI has ended that world.... more
El objetivo es analizar cómo los sesgos cognitivos influyen en la percepción e interpretación de falacias en textos argumentativos para elucidar una metodología que permita subsanar estas situaciones en la interpretación. Así, para... more
This paper investigates the structural mechanics of the modern digital media landscape, conceptualizing it as a technologically perfected "digital cave" that systematically exploits human evolutionary biology and psychological... more
This study examines the influence of an audience's knowledge of the group membership of a target on the communication of information about this target. Participants were asked to rank order five traits to describe a person labelled... more
Individuals with anxiety direct attention to task-irrelevant threatening stimuli, which increases anxiety. Although many cognitive models in anxiety propose that an impaired top-down control enhances the processing of task-irrelevant... more
The concept of time is one of the most intuitive dimensions of human experience and, at the same time, one of the most debated topics in philosophy, neuroscience, and physics. This paper proposes an interdisciplinary interpretation of... more
Despite the advent of technologies that enhance productivity, the workload of many individuals, including psychologists, remains onerous, provoking burnout and similar complications. Although the circumstances that mitigate or exacerbate... more
Higher education promises to develop critical thinkers, ethical leaders, and adaptable professionals. The evidence suggests it frequently does the opposite. This paper argues that universities are unintentionally cultivating habits of... more
Neste artigo, proponho uma abordagem ecológica de cognição e linguagem, demonstrando que os processos de conceptualização parecem emergir da interação organismo-ambiente. Tal abordagem cognitiva exige a coordenação dos dois extremos dessa... more
by DAVE COWLEY and 
1 more
John Haigh was a mathematician at the University of Bradford and a pioneer in the field of computerised rectification and mapping from oblique aerial photographs through his AERIAL software. Here we look back at the development of AERIAL... more
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is undeniably the defining technology of our time. Look everywhere across the World, its influence is reaching into every corner; from healthcare and education to how the government runs, promising... more
Modern educational systems have achieved remarkable success in distributing information across societies. However, many institutions have unintentionally transformed learning into a process dominated by memorization, examinations, fear,... more
Faces of conspecifics convey information about identity, but also gaze, and attentional or emotional state. As a cognitive process, face-based emotion recognition can be subject to judgment bias. In this study we investigated whether... more
1. How would you define philosophy, and why do we need this kind of activity? Is philosophy a science, and if not, what is the key difference between their methods To define what is to be understood by 'philosophy', it is best to begin... more
Schizophrenia Bulletin 2018 DOI (link to publisher) 10.1093/schbul/sbx119 document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record document license Article 25fa Dutch Copyright Act Link to publication in VU Research Portal... more
the full sample. The MEMS group reported strong satisfaction with the text-messages. Recruitment has been completed, and analyses from the full sample will be ready to present at the meeting. Discussion: Initial results indicate that MEMS... more
Subconscious Architecture Theory (SAT) proposes consciousness evolved to moderate subconscious neural processing through neurochemical feedback, instead of generating thought. Genetics provide the biological capacity for this moderation... more
While historical forms of domination operated through classic dichotomies (Self/Other, Center/Periphery), contemporary regimes of control have transformed into an "Onopticon" architecture that structurally imposes the infrastructures of... more
Understanding the Hakki Tan phenomenon is not merely reading an academic success story; it is conducting an ontological excavation of an unwavering will for "independence" and "establishing one's own reality" that spans a quarter of a... more
FORENSIC ABSTRACT: BLOWBACK EDITION Title: The Mnemosyne Protocol versus The Onopticon: A Forensic Audit of Conceptual Harvesting and the Mechanics of Epistemic Theft Abstract: This research serves as a definitive forensic audit... more
The introductory essay “Sfide etiche, politiche e relazionali nell’era del potere algoritmico” by Vera Kopsaj and Luca Corchia positions artificial intelligence as a crucial analytical lens for understanding the deep transformations... more