Decision Algorithm

A trajetória do Mestrado não foi fácil. Diversas horas de estudo, várias noites perdidas, mas digo com toda a certeza que tudo isso valeu à pena. Primeiramente, só tenho a agradecer a Deus por ter me dado perseverança para não sucumbir diante do primeiro obstáculo, além de ter me concedido saúde e fé para continuar na busca do título de Mestre. A meus pais, Silvio e Sonia, que sempre investiram na minha educação e me deram todo o apoio possível. Aos meus irmãos, Saulo e Swellen, por me incentivarem e serem meus companheiros em todos os momentos. A todos meus tios e primos pela torcida. Ao Prof. Dr. Ricardo Salgueiro, meu orientador e amigo, por sempre ter acreditado no meu potencial, agradeço também pela sua paciência, bom humor e pela orientação de qualidade que contribuiu para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho. À Profa. Dra. Edilayne Salgueiro, minha co-orientadora e amiga, pela ajuda na escrita desta dissertação e auxílio na busca otimizada das referências bibliográficas. A todos os meus colegas de turma do mestrado, que foram muito importantes nessa caminhada:

The use of voice and data communication via mobile devices has increased significantly in recent years. This expansion brings some difficulties such as: continuous expansion of network capacity and energy efficiency. In this context, has been consolidating the concept of Green Networks, which focuses on the effort to energy saving and CO 2 reduction. Thus, this paper proposes validate a model of a policy based on Markov decision process to optimize energy consumption, QoS and QoE, in the allocation of macrocell and femtocell users in networks. For this the model was inserted into the network simulator NS-2, combining the Markov analytical solution to the characteristic flexibility of discrete simulation. From the results presented in the simulation, the policy obtained significant savings in energy consumption, improving energy efficiency by up to 4%, and improve the quality of service in relation to the macrocell and femtocell networks, demonstrating effective in order to directly change the metrics of QoS and QoE.

Exhaustively searching over all possible partition modes using rate distortion comparison in H.264/AVC motion estimation to choose the best coding mode for each macroblock has much better coding efficiency than other existing standards. However, exhaustive searching has high computational complexity. This study analyses the statistics of coding mode distribution to determine the need of motion estimation for a current macroblock according to its previous corresponding macroblock information. A fast algorithm based on fuzzy reasoning with temporal and texture correlation of coding block information is proposed to reduce the computation time effectively. The fuzzy reasoning technique is used to determine the most appropriate mode quickly for motion estimation in H.264/ AVC video coding. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has an encoding time 55.7-70% less than that of taken by searching for all coding modes exhaustively, while retaining the almost same coded picture quality and bit rate.

A Deus por toda sua sabedoria e presença em todos os momentos, iluminando e acalmando a minha alma com luz e amor. Aos meus queridos pais Maria Dulcineide dos Santos Braga e Joel Augusto de Assis Braga, pela paciência, educação, amor e por me apoiarem em todos os momentos da minha vida. A minha irmã Aline, a minha Sobrinha e afilhada Inês, a minha tia Eunice e meu cunhado Jefferson. Agradeço por serem motivadores diários e por formarem o meu núcleo familiar. A meus cães Pérola (in memoriam) e ao Lyon, que estiveram ao meu lado com demonstração de amor incondicional e puro, e assim, fazer com que eu seja uma pessoa mais paciente, atenciosa, sensível e fraterna. Aos meus amigos da vida, amigos dos tempos da graduação, amigos que fiz na universidade, em especial, aos amigos da pedagogia. Aos professores e amigos Simone Fraiha e Hermínio Gomes, agradeço toda a ajuda, empenho e sugestões, sendo a professora Simone uma das principais responsáveis para que esse trabalho fosse possível. As professoras Jasmine Araújo e Josiane Rodrigues pela amizade, confiança e ensinamentos passados a mim. Ao meu orientador Gervásio Cavalcante, pela sua amizade, liderança, motivação, que através sua experiência em tratar o próximo com amor, pôde oferecer sua confiança e sabedoria para me orientar neste trabalho. Aos pesquisadores, integrantes e amigos do Laboratório de Computação e telecomunicações (LCT):

Putting his Majesty computer into schools made tectonic shift of the central pillar in every classroom-the teacher. The threat became bigger with the use of social networks like Facebook and Twitter by the students, as a result of that these sites became forbidden in the schools. But when the students are already there, available in any time and place, why can't we try to direct these users for the benefits of innovative learning and to improve their motivation? The following text will try to investigate the possible answers of this question concerning the benefits from using Facebook and twitter in education as a media for communication between students and teacher. After reviewing the subject of research from the aspect of planned distance education or distance learning which will continue and after the end of the school year, desired data will be obtained. Using the WebQuest method will provide approach to learning from the source of the information distant from the students. Qualitative and quantitative indicators will be presented by the measurement of the achievements and by the students and teacher attitudes.

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In this work we are concerned with the formal verification of two-dimensional non-deterministic hybrid systems, namely polygonal differential inclusion systems (SPDIs). SPDIs are a class of nondeterministic systems that correspond to piecewise constant differential inclusions on the plane, for which we study the reachability problem. Our contribution is the development of an algorithm for solving exactly the reachability problem of SPDIs. We extend the geometric approach due to Maler and Pnueli [MP93] to non-deterministic systems, based on the combination of three techniques: the representation of the two-dimensional continuous-time dynamics as a one-dimensional discrete-time system (using Poincaré maps), the characterization of the set of qualitative behaviors of the latter as a finite set of types of signatures, and acceleration used to explore reachability according to each of these types.

As aplicações para dispositivos móveis tem evoluído possibilitando a realização das mais diversas atividades. Para auxiliar os dispositivos, a técnica de offloading computacional tem sido utilizada para migrar tarefas para servidores em nuvem com poder de processamento superior ou maior capacidade energética. Entretanto, quando indisponível tal infraestrutura ou quando a latência da comunicação é um empecilho para a execução do offloading, uma estratégia que pode ser utilizada é o offloading para um ambiente remoto de execução (do inglês, remote execution environment - REE), que pode ser inclusive outros dispositivos móveis próximos. A escolha de um REE é um processo complexo, pois a heterogeneidade dos dispositivos interfere no tempo de conclusão das tarefas migradas. Este trabalho apresenta um método para selecionar um REE que considera o contexto do usuário. Para validar a solução desenvolvida, uma arquitetura de software foi projetada e implementada, e experimentos foram executa...

A trajetória do Mestrado não foi fácil. Diversas horas de estudo, várias noites perdidas, mas digo com toda a certeza que tudo isso valeu à pena. Primeiramente, só tenho a agradecer a Deus por ter me dado perseverança para não sucumbir diante do primeiro obstáculo, além de ter me concedido saúde e fé para continuar na busca do título de Mestre. A meus pais, Silvio e Sonia, que sempre investiram na minha educação e me deram todo o apoio possível. Aos meus irmãos, Saulo e Swellen, por me incentivarem e serem meus companheiros em todos os momentos. A todos meus tios e primos pela torcida. Ao Prof. Dr. Ricardo Salgueiro, meu orientador e amigo, por sempre ter acreditado no meu potencial, agradeço também pela sua paciência, bom humor e pela orientação de qualidade que contribuiu para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho. À Profa. Dra. Edilayne Salgueiro, minha co-orientadora e amiga, pela ajuda na escrita desta dissertação e auxílio na busca otimizada das referências bibliográficas. A todos os meus colegas de turma do mestrado, que foram muito importantes nessa

A trajetória do Mestrado não foi fácil. Diversas horas de estudo, várias noites perdidas, mas digo com toda a certeza que tudo isso valeu à pena. Primeiramente, só tenho a agradecer a Deus por ter me dado perseverança para não sucumbir diante do primeiro obstáculo, além de ter me concedido saúde e fé para continuar na busca do título de Mestre. A meus pais, Silvio e Sonia, que sempre investiram na minha educação e me deram todo o apoio possível. Aos meus irmãos, Saulo e Swellen, por me incentivarem e serem meus companheiros em todos os momentos. A todos meus tios e primos pela torcida. Ao Prof. Dr. Ricardo Salgueiro, meu orientador e amigo, por sempre ter acreditado no meu potencial, agradeço também pela sua paciência, bom humor e pela orientação de qualidade que contribuiu para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho. À Profa. Dra. Edilayne Salgueiro, minha co-orientadora e amiga, pela ajuda na escrita desta dissertação e auxílio na busca otimizada das referências bibliográficas. A todos os meus colegas de turma do mestrado, que foram muito importantes nessa

Mobile embedded systems increasingly use transactions for applications like mobile inventory, mobile commerce or commercial applications. Yet, many issues are challenging and need to be resolved before enabling mobile devices to take part in distributed computing. Mobile environment limitations make it harder to design appropriate and efficient commit protocols. There are a handful of protocols for transaction execution in distributed mobile environment, but almost all consider a limited number of communication models. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of a Connection Fault-Tolerant Model, comparing the results in several deferent scenarios, as well as its contribution to the overall mobile transaction commit rate. Our simulation-based performance analysis determines the impact of (i) ad-hoc communication between mobile hosts and (ii) the implementation of a decision algorithm, to the mobile transaction commit rate. We also determine the connection timeout values that contribute the most for a high ad-hoc communication impact on mobile transaction commit rate.

Abstract. Mobile embedded systems increasingly use transactions for applications like mobile inventory, mobile commerce or commercial applications. Yet, many issues are challenging and need to be resolved before enabling mobile devices to take part in distributed computing. Mobile environment limitations make it harder to design appropriate and efficient commit protocols. There are a handful of protocols for transaction execution in distributed mobile environment, but almost all consider a limited number of communication models. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of a Connection Fault-Tolerant Model, comparing the results in several deferent scenarios, as well as its contribution to the overall mobile transaction commit rate. Our simulation-based performance analysis determines the impact of (i) ad-hoc communication between mobile hosts and (ii) the implementation of a decision algorithm, to the mobile transaction commit rate. We also determine the connection timeout values ...

Nowadays there is a high demand in forecasting of risk of ecological safety for state and private companies especially against a background of increasing quantities of natural and technogenic accidents, and also a worsening condition of the environment. Environment Risk Assessment (ERA) is the estimation process of occurrence probabilities of reversible and irreversible anthropogenic changes in biogeochemical structure and functions of ecological systems. The ERA using is useful at ecological designing, consideration of project alternatives and choice of optimal desi gn decisions. ERA process is often difficult problem because of presence of the big number uncertainty factors at the description of life cycles of the chemical products-from extraction and processing of raw materials before use of products and their sub sequent recycling. Uncertainty of factors may become stronger in case of the absence of the information on cumulative effects (the additional effects resulting common action of some ecological factors), and also accumulation effects (accumulation of some ecological factors action in time that leads to "qualitative" jumps in a condition of object of influence). Therefore the ERA process may be defined as a fuzzy problem. In this paper algorithm of the problem decision of alternative's assessment, which has network-like estimation criteria structure, is considered. Connections in criteria structure are formalized by means of fuzzy integral of Sugeno. Ontology-based Environment Management knowledge domain has net-like structure incorporating the most relevant concepts (a source of the risk, an ecological effect, an impact characteristics, a character of impact, an impact way, an impact zone, frequency and controls) and relations among them. Slots describe properties of concepts and instances. Each 533 property can be set to a s pecific fuzzy value. The estimation criteria structure is network-like and is formalized as the oriented graph with one source and many drains. The alternative's estimation result is calculated in criterion-source. Connections in criteria structure are formalized by means of fuzzy measures Sugeno. The algorithm is software implemented by authors. ERA example of some ecological designing according to international standards requirements is considered.

This paper proposes a framework for the design and development of intelligent in formation systems for the knowledge control. The use of conventional tests involves the selection of answers based on a crisp logic. It is intended to use them properly only in case of strictly formally asked questions. It brings to absolutely simple questions. But the acquisition of knowledge includes not only (and not so much) memorizing some real facts, but the ability to understand the general concepts, rules and trends. To manage this knowledge " open " (no answer) test items are more effective. In this article, we presented an approach for the text analysis based on the ontology to automatically monitor the student's answer in natural language. Use of intelligent algorithms can also quickly change the evaluation system and check circuit, which significan tly improves the quality and speed of testing.

Nowadays there is a high demand in forecasting of risk of ecological safety for state and private companies especially against a background of increasing quantities of natural and technogenic accidents, and also a worsening condition of the environment. Environment Risk Assessment (ERA) is the estimation process of occurrence probabilities of reversible and irreversible anthropogenic changes in biogeochemical structure and functions of ecological systems. The ERA using is useful at ecological designing, consideration of project alternatives and choice of optimal desi gn decisions. ERA process is often difficult problem because of presence of the big number uncertainty factors at the description of life cycles of the chemical products -from extraction and processing of raw materials before use of products and their sub sequent recycling. Uncertainty of factors may become stronger in case of the absence of the information on cumulative effects (the additional effects resulting common action of some ecological factors), and also accumulation effects (accumulation of some ecological factors action in time that leads to "qualitative" jumps in a condition of object of influence). Therefore the ERA process may be defined as a fuzzy problem. In this paper algorithm of the problem decision of alternative's assessment, which has network-like estimation criteria structure, is considered. Connections in criteria structure are formalized by means of fuzzy integral of Sugeno. Ontology -based Environment Management knowledge domain has net-like structure incorporating the most relevant concepts (a source of the risk, an ecological effect, an impact characteristics, a character of impact, an impact way, an impact zone, frequency and controls) and relations among them. Slots describe properties of concepts and instances. Each 533 property can be set to a s pecific fuzzy value. The estimation criteria structure is network-like and is formalized as the oriented graph with one source and many drains. The alternative's estimation result is calculated in criterionsource. Connections in criteria structure are formalized by means of fuzzy measures Sugeno. The algorithm is software implemented by authors. ERA example of some ecological designing according to international standards requirements is considered.

This paper proposes a framework for the design and development of intelligent in formation systems for the knowledge control. The use of conventional tests involves the selection of answers based on a crisp logic. It is intended to use them properly only in case of strictly formally asked questions. It brings to absolutely simple questions. But the acquisition of knowledge includes not only (and not so much) memorizing some real facts, but the ability to understand the general concepts, rules and trends. To manage this knowledge "open" (no answer) test items are more effective. In this article, we presented an approach for the text analysis based on the ontology to automatically monitor the student's answer in natural language. Use of intelligent algorithms can also quickly change the evaluation system and check circuit, which significan tly improves the quality and speed of testing.