Design Science

The theory for studying the motivational potential of certain jobs -or job design -was developed for the context of an industrial society, one that is quite different from our current information society. This research proposes a device for discussing and analyzing the key characteristics of motivation referring to jobs, according to the theories of job design and to the information society context. This is a pragmatic research, which applies the Design Science research strategy. Based on an inventory and on content analysis of scientific research concerning job design -published in the twenty-first century in the electronic databases of PROQUEST and EBSCO scientific articles -the motivational characteristics that are associated to this theory were identified, structured and presented in the proposed device.

This paper performs a literature review of research papers published by the Brazilian Academy of Information Management, with the purpose of analyzing how much the main design science (DS) research principles are applied and how they are put in practice. The research sample was extracted from 257 papers published in this area of study, from the annals of the EnANPAD, between 2008 and 2012. The expressed interest of the researchers in DS was noticed, taking into account the fact that there are research papers published related to the development of new artifacts. Such papers, however, did not address central aspects of DS, such as the association of an artifact with problems in the business environment, substantiating the use of an artifact by means of tests with variables associated with the problem.

The theory for studying the motivational potential of certain jobs -or job design -was developed for the context of an industrial society, one that is quite different from our current information society. This research proposes a device for discussing and analyzing the key characteristics of motivation referring to jobs, according to the theories of job design and to the information society context. This is a pragmatic research, which applies the Design Science research strategy. Based on an inventory and on content analysis of scientific research concerning job design -published in the twenty-first century in the electronic databases of PROQUEST and EBSCO scientific articles -the motivational characteristics that are associated to this theory were identified, structured and presented in the proposed device.

This research addresses the critical challenge of implementing Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4, "Quality education," in Indonesian secondary schools. While national policies exist, schools lack a systematic digital tool to plan, monitor, and evaluate sustainability-based activities against concrete SDG indicators. To bridge this gap, this study employs a six-cycle design science research (DSR) methodology to develop a theoretical model for a sustainable education information system. The model is designed to integrate SDG principles into school management, enabling systematic data handling, adaptive curriculum functions, and real-time monitoring. A webbased prototype was developed using a React.js frontend and Node.js backend and evaluated through a mixed-methods approach. Data from interviews with 15 administrators and surveys of 97 teachers (yielding a usability satisfaction score of 4.34/5) validated the model's effectiveness in making educational administration more efficient, transparent, and qualityoriented. The resulting artifact serves as a foundational technical and managerial reference for schools, education offices, and policymakers to leverage information technology in fostering a sustainable, participatory learning culture aligned with the SDGs.

The responsible deployment of artificial intelligence requires coherent frameworks that address not only fairness and transparency but also operational reliability, environmental sustainability, and governance accountability. Existing responsible AI (RAI) guidelines tend to be domainspecific, leaving organisations without a unified instrument for evaluating AI systems that span multiple application contexts. This paper proposes a cross-domain responsible AI framework synthesising principles from three distinct deployment contexts: site reliability engineering (SRE) operations, environmental AI (waste classification and air quality monitoring), and large language model (LLM) governance. Drawing on prior work in TRACE governance architecture, LLM evaluation, and edge-deployed environmental AI, we develop a 5-dimension evaluation rubric covering Transparency, Fairness, Robustness, Sustainability, and Accountability (TFRSA). The rubric provides operationalised scoring criteria for each dimension, enabling quantitative comparison of RAI compliance across heterogeneous AI systems. We validate the framework through three organisational case studies, demonstrating consistent inter-rater agreement (Fleiss kappa = 0.81) and actionable gap identification. The three primary contributions are: (1) a crossdomain RAI taxonomy covering operational, environmental, and governance axes, (2) the 5dimension TFRSA evaluation rubric with operationalised scoring criteria, and (3) implementation guidelines validated across three case studies representing distinct AI application domains with demonstrated inter-rater reliability.

Government IT fails citizens every day. Welfare payments stop. Licence renewals break. Tax systems go offline. And in most cases, the failure was predictable. AI tools capable of detecting and preventing these failures are mature, accessible and proven in commercial environments. Yet the vast majority of government IT organisations continue to manage incidents, changes and problems manually. The tools exist. The evidence that they work is clear. What does not exist is a validated framework that tells government IT organisations how to use them.

Recognizing the importance of various types of artifacts for entrepreneurship, design science (DS) has been proposed as an inclusive approach that combines relevance and rigor. By enabling researchers to go beyond their traditional roles as observers and analysts of established artifacts to help design new artifacts, DS can improve the relevance of entrepreneurship research. However, there is a paucity of knowledge on how this type of research can be published in leading entrepreneurship journals. In this editorial, we seek to provide practical guidance on how to craft and assess DS studies that target Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice (ETP) and other top-tier journals.

Dynamic capability (DC) theories are widely used by innovation scholars, but there is little empirical work that applies these theories in ways that can be used by practitioners. Moreover, DC studies tend to suffer from tautological issues when measurements of DC overlap with those of firm performance. To fill this void, this paper explores how scholars can help companies in creating a dynamic capability. We adopt a design science approach in which scholars and practitioners team up to address and resolve a focal firm’s (micro-DC) challenge in managing a large number of product development projects that run simultaneously but all depend on the same resource pool. To address this challenge, we design and implement a process technology tool. This study thus demonstrates how one can solve a real-life DC challenge by developing a practically relevant solution, based on design science.

Most studies published in Technovation adopt a theory-driven approach toward empirical phenomena. In this editorial, we call for a more instrumental approach, one that effectively serves the needs of practitioners in the field of technological innovation as well as scholars seeking to increase their impact on innovation practice. In this respect, design science (DS) methodologies have emerged in various adjacent domains such as information systems, operations management, and entrepreneurship. Inspired by Simon's "The Sciences of the Artificial", DS operates at the interface of problem-solving design and explanatory science to create and test solutions as artifacts. Whereas DS work can result in various kinds of artifacts, tools for practitioners are the most promising ones. We first provide several examples of DS work resulting in widely used tools and then identify various challenges in the technological innovation domain that call for tools addressing these challenges. Subsequently, we provide practical guidance on how to prepare manuscripts about designing and testing tools which are likely to have a major impact on practice.

Lean production is a cornerstone of operational excellence. However, while most prior studies address Lean improvements in existing systems, little is known about how Lean principles apply to the design of an entirely new production system. This paper adopts a design science approach to study a Brazilian metalworking company that sought to develop a new manufacturing line based on Lean. Our findings show that, even under seemingly ideal conditions, a new system is not inherently Lean at its inception but evolves toward Lean performance through successive stages of design, ramp-up, and sustainment. To explain this evolution, we introduce a theoretical framework that distinguishes between these stages and highlights the enabling role of adaptability and responsiveness, which are operationalized via Theory of Constraints (TOC) practices such as constraint and buffer management. We demonstrate that framing a new system as a traditional continuous improvement initiative can lead to dysfunctional outcomes when variability and uncertainty are underestimated. Instead, mechanisms such as design-to-adapt and prepare-and-adapt, together with the strategic use of interchangeable buffer types, are essential to support system evolution. This study therefore clarifies how one can combine Lean and TOC to design a new production system and build its operational excellence from the ground up.

Companies in asset-intensive industries, such as aviation and railways, face unique digital transformation challenges due to the misalignment between the rapid evolution of digital technologies and decades-long asset lifecycles. Existing innovation frameworks are inadequate for managing this complexity, which in turn creates tensions between innovation requirements and operational reliability demands. This paper therefore investigates how asset-intensive companies can systematically integrate digital technologies, while fully complying with regulatory constraints and safety requirements. We employ a design science approach in a study of Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS), the Dutch national railway operator, focusing specifically on the implementation of AI-driven CCTV systems within the operations of NS. Drawing on a literature review and participant-observer as well as interview data, we develop six design propositions that address the key digital transformation challenges of asset-intensive companies in the area of market readiness assessment, modular architecture, regulatory compliance, temporal coordination, ecosystem governance, and organizational capability development. Using these design propositions, we develop the Iterative Development & Adoption Model (IDAM) that operationalizes market maturity assessment through market readiness levels to guide make-or-buy transitions across four iterative phases: ideate, assess, realise, and review. This model includes a Development Reference Architecture for emerging technologies and an Integration Reference Architecture for more mature technologies, enabling concurrent sourcing strategies based on technological maturity. IDAM provides actionable guidance for decisions about technology adoption in asset-intensive contexts, thereby offering a systematic approach to innovation management in industries with very long asset lifecycles and huge regulatory constraints.

Deep-tech ventures draw on technological breakthroughs in, for example, new materials, photonics, mechatronics, quantum computing, and nanotechnology. These ventures can help solve major societal challenges but, especially in Europe, they face significant barriers in raising capital and require significantly more time between funding rounds. These barriers arise from a capital supply-demand gap, also known as the 'missing middle' (or valley of death) of deep-tech entrepreneurship. Focusing on the supply side of this gap, we adopt a design science (DS) approach to craft a venture capital fund dedicated to deep-tech ventures in the seed-funding stage. The DS approach implies we iteratively move from problem analysis to creating and evaluating the solution, until a substantial number of investors have committed capital to this solution. The final solution is a venture capital (VC) fund that draws on an ecosystem-driven approach to provide seed-stage funding to deep-tech ventures. Subsequently, we theorize the main findings into two design propositions. Our study contributes to the extant literature by providing the detailed blueprint of a VC fund for investing in deep-tech ventures, one that can attract capital from investors and thereby fill the missing middle in the funding landscape. This paper also has important practical implications such as the fund's economic life of 15 years and the power of an multidisciplinary investment team.

Innovation ecosystems have become pivotal phenomena in a world of increasing specialization and complexity, in which single ventures cannot develop and commercialize technology-driven value propositions alone. In this setting, various firms and other actors need to work together in creating and building an innovation ecosystem around a shared value proposition. The Ecosystem Pie Model (EPM), published in Long Range Planning in 2020, is the first comprehensive tool for mapping and assessing the risk profile of a prospective innovation ecosystem. We
describe, and reflect on, how the so-called design theory underlying the EPM was developed. This design theory includes its key constructs, design principles, visual instantiation, detailed application guidelines, and assessment of how mutable its applications are. The initial design theory was used to develop more than 240 ecosystem constellations to assess its applicability and mutability. We also outline various applications of EPM design theory by others. Overall, this paper contributes to the entrepreneurship and innovation literature by developing a complete design theory, one that covers the entire spectrum from theoretical underpinnings to detailed application guidelines and an initial body of applications.

This article reconstructs the eighth section of Jawshan Kabir as a bounded sacred semantic architecture within the framework of Civilizational Algorithm Theory (CAT). Rather than reading the section as a cumulative devotional list of divine epithets, the study argues that it encodes an ordered movement from doxological legitimacy to glory, covenantal fidelity, restorative mercy, benefactive bestowal, judicial closure, enduring sovereignty, generosity, and finally bounty and blessing. Methodologically, the article adopts a qualitative, conceptual, and design-science-oriented approach grounded in bounded corpus delimitation, textual segmentation, morphology-sensitive reading, semantic clustering, Qur’anic intertextual control, theological synthesis, and downstream systems, governance, and civilizational translation. The findings demonstrate that the section is internally organized as a directed semantic network rather than a flat chain of co-rhyming names. Praise and laudation serve as the entry node of legitimacy, covenant functions as the relational pivot, judgment as the decisional core, enduring might as the resilience anchor, and bounty and blessing as the terminal horizon of distributed beneficence. The article contributes theoretically by extending the CAT/Jawshan corpus into a more explicit architecture of legitimacy, trust, repair, closure, durable order, and flourishing. Methodologically, it demonstrates how a compact liturgical passage may be translated into an auditable theology-to-governance pathway without collapsing theological discourse into managerial instrumentalism. Practically, it offers a principle-bound vocabulary for dialogue architecture, restorative governance, resilience design, institutional legitimacy, and civilizational evaluation.

Recent studies of ecosystems have generated important theoretical insights into how multiple actors can collaborate to address major sustainability challenges. However, few scholars have been able to create a real impact in terms of new ecosystem practices, tools, or other artifacts. Almost all research on (sustainable) ecosystems is largely descriptive and explanatory in nature. This generates a deep understanding of how extant ecosystems address sustainability challenges, but also undermines the capability to (co)create real changes. In this essay, I therefore make a case for adopting design science (DS), as a generic methodology, in the quest for actionable knowledge and solutions which advance the practice as well as the theory of ecosystems. The DS approach is illustrated with the development of the ecosystem pie model (EPM), a tool for mapping and analyzing innovation ecosystems. The EPM project demonstrates that the direct engagement of DS research with practice helps to weed out unproductive lines of thinking about ecosystems, especially those that cannot be operationalized into actionable tools. Moreover, it implies an innovation ecosystem is best defined as a collaboration between interdependent actors searching for a shared value proposition that any actor alone cannot accomplish.

Addressing complex societal challenges, such as sustainability, requires more than merely descriptive or explanatory research. It demands methods that provide structured and actionable guidance for innovation processes, enabling diverse actors to jointly imagine and enact transformative change. This study responds to this need for methodological innovation by extending design science (DS) to support the design of innovation processes in transformation-oriented, multi-actor environments. Using ecosystem model innovation (EMI) as a generative setting, we develop an actionable five-step EMI process. The approach is grounded in a design logic that links design objects-structural ecosystem elements to be transformed-with process activities that enable transformation. Applied iteratively in an empirical setting, the extended DS approach translates this design logic into practical interventions for EMI, which are subsequently evaluated in terms of their effectiveness. This process yields design propositions that connect underlying theoretical mechanisms to concrete interventions and outcomes. Our study contributes to methodological innovation in the field of creativity and innovation management by advancing DS for innovation processes through four key insights: (i) integrating creation and theorizing to synthesize design logics, (ii) operationalizing and tracing design logic to formulate actionable design propositions, (iii) strategically engaging practitioners as co-creators throughout the design process, and (iv) using visualization as a core methodological tool.

Metaphors are important at multiple levels within design and society-from the specifics of interfaces, to wider societal imaginaries of technology and progress. Exploring alternative metaphors can be generative in creative processes, and for reframing problems strategically. In this pictorial we introduce an inspiration card workshop method using juxtaposition (or bisociation) to enable participants to explore novel metaphors for hard-to-visualise phenomena, drawing on a provisional set of inspiration material. We demonstrate the process through illustrating creative workshops in France, Portugal, Chile, and the USA, and reflect on benefits, limitations, and potential development of this format for use within interaction design.

This article offers a bounded design–science analysis of the ninth section of Jawshan al-Kabir “Allāhumma innī asʾaluka bismika yā māniʿu, yā dāfiʿu, yā rāfiʿu, yā ṣāniʿu, yā nāfiʿu, yā sāmiʿu, yā jāmiʿu, yā shāfiʿu, yā wāsiʿu, yā mūsiʿu” through Civilizational Algorithm Theory (CAT). The study addresses a methodological gap between devotional-hermeneutical readings of sacred texts and operational analyses of governance, systems, resilience, and foresight. Rather than treating the section as a flat litany of divine names, the article reconstructs it as a rule-governed sequence of vocative nodes. The resulting semantic arc moves from protective restraint and disturbance management, through uplift, construction, and beneficent realization, toward receptive-integrative mediation, and finally to expansive plenitude and enablement. Methodologically, the article applies bounded corpus delimitation, lexical and morphological coding, adjacency-sensitive inference, semantic clustering, and bounded translation into systems, governance, and foresight layers. The findings indicate that the ninth section supports a staged architecture of divine agency: boundary-setting and repulsion (māniʿ, dāfiʿ), uplift and constructive-beneficent action (rāfiʿ, ṣāniʿ, nāfiʿ), hearing, gathering, and mediated repair (sāmiʿ, jāmiʿ, shāfiʿ), and capacious expansion (wāsiʿ, mūsiʿ). The article contributes to CAT in three ways: it extends section-based CAT analysis beyond the opening invocation and sections 2–8; it clarifies the theology-to-governance translation of a sequence centered on protection, repair, and expansion; and it demonstrates how a compact sacred corpus can generate bounded downstream architectures for taqrīb, governance analysis, KPI scaffolding, maturity assessment, scenario construction, and early warning without semantic inflation or anachronistic overreach. The study argues that the ninth section functions as a sequence-bound sacred ontology whose internal order is both analytically significant and methodologically auditable.

This article reconstructs the tenth section of Jawshan Kabir (Jawshan al-Kabir) as a bounded, sequence-sensitive sacred semantic architecture within Civilizational Algorithm Theory (CAT). Rather than reading the passage as a flat list of devotional epithets, it argues that the section encodes an ordered progression from making, creation, provision, and lordship to distress relief, grief release, restorative mercy, support for the forsaken, dignity-preserving concealment, and finally refuge for the rejected. Methodologically, the study adopts a qualitative, conceptual, design-science approach based on bounded corpus delimitation, rule-based textual segmentation, morphology-sensitive reading, semantic clustering, controlled Qur’anic-hadith intertextuality, and bounded translation into theological, systemic, governance, and resilience layers. The findings show that the section is internally structured as a directed semantic sequence rather than a cumulative liturgical list. Its decisive formal marker is the shift from a dominant chain of active participial forms to the noun maljaʾ in the final unit, signaling a terminal refuge node. The article contributes a reproducible pathway from sacred semantics to auditable conceptual design and shows that the section yields a compressed ontology of creation, provision, mercy, dignity protection, and reinclusive refuge.

This article offers a bounded design-science analysis of the eleventh section of Jawshan al-Kabir (Jawshan Kabir) through Civilizational Algorithm Theory (CAT). Rather than reading the passage as a flat devotional litany, it reconstructs the ten vocative units as a sequence-sensitive support ontology in which each human limit-condition is paired with a distinct divine response-function. The semantic arc moves from reserve in hardship and hope in affliction, through intimacy and companionship under loneliness and estrangement, to guardianship under blessing, and then onward to succour, guidance, sufficiency, refuge, and enabling help under distress, bewilderment, poverty, necessity, and alarm. Methodologically, the study applies bounded corpus delimitation, rule-based segmentation, lexical and morphological coding, adjacency-sensitive inference, semantic clustering, and bounded downstream translation into systems, governance, taqrīb, KPI, maturity, scenario, and early-warning layers. The article argues that the eleventh section constitutes a sequence-bound sacred support ontology whose internal order is analytically significant, methodologically auditable, and suitable for disciplined theology-to-governance translation without semantic inflation or anachronistic overreach.

Contemporary Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) often consist of a large number of interconnected components, effectively forming systems-of-systems. Next-generation CPSs are increasingly characterized by the intelligence and autonomy of their components, which require both collaboration among internal components and interaction with external systems. This evolution has led to the emergence of the concept of Collaborative Cyber-Physical Systems (CCPSs). Designing such complex CCPSs is a non-trivial task, as it involves not only technical challenges but also human factors, particularly when focusing human-centric systems. The objective of this work is to identify and support the key characteristics required in a design approach that can effectively facilitate the CCPS design process, with a particular emphasis on collaboration and the increasing intelligence of system components. The proposed approach combines computational intelligence with human designer involvement, forming the basis of a co-design process. By addressing the current gap in high-level methodologies to support CCPS design, this work emphasizes design aspects that enable the necessary system-level abstraction, offering a structured approach to developing these advanced systems.

This article reconstructs the twelfth section of Jawshan al-Kabir as a bounded, sequence-sensitive sacred semantic architecture within Civilizational Algorithm Theory (CAT). Rather than treating the section as a flat devotional list of divine epithets, the study argues that it encodes an ordered progression from epistemic mastery over the unseen to moral remediation, dignity-preserving concealment, distress removal, inward transformation, healing, illumination, companionship, and finally the relief of worries and the easing of griefs. Methodologically, the article adopts a design-science and text-bounded approach in which the independent vocative functions as the primary unit of analysis, while adjacency, cluster formation, and macro-sequence are treated as evidence-bearing textual features. The study integrates textual, semantic, intertextual, hermeneutical, theological, systems-philosophical, cognitive-anthropological, governance-oriented, scenario-based, and early-warning layers to show how sacred semantics can be translated into downstream conceptual and operational nodes without collapsing the text into reductive managerialism. The findings show that the section contains a clear internal arc: knowledge, restoration, protection, crisis release, governance of the heart, and affective decompression. The article concludes that the twelfth section offers CAT a disciplined bridge from sacred invocation to ontology structuring and bounded theology-to-governance translation, while also requiring explicit claim boundaries, ethical guardrails, and ontology-ready formalization.

This article reconstructs the thirteenth section of Jawshan al-Kabir as a bounded, sequence-sensitive sacred semantic architecture within Civilizational Algorithm Theory (CAT). Rather than treating the section as a flat devotional inventory of divine epithets, the study argues that it encodes an ordered progression from majestic framing and beautiful accessibility to entrusted agency, assurance, guidance, receptivity, reconfiguration, benefactive bestowal, reprieve, and transformative closure. Methodologically, the article adopts a design-science and text-bounded approach in which the independent vocative functions as the primary unit of analysis, while adjacency, pairing, clustering, and macro-sequence are treated as evidence-bearing textual features. The study integrates textual, semantic, intertextual, hermeneutical, theological, systems-philosophical, governance-oriented, scenario-based, and ethical layers to show how sacred semantics may be translated into downstream conceptual and operational nodes without collapsing the text into reductive managerial metaphor. The findings show that the section contains a coherent internal arc: dignity-framing, relational softening, fiduciary support, continuity assurance, route-setting guidance, bounded receptivity, adaptive redesign, value delivery, restorative reprieve, and lawful transformation. The article concludes that the thirteenth section offers CAT a disciplined bridge from sacred invocation to ontology structuring and bounded theology-to-governance translation, while also requiring explicit claim boundaries, ethical guardrails, and controlled formalization.

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The informal sector employs the major part of workers in developing countries. Street trading is a common form of informal work. Despite its huge economic value in developing countries, little research is being done to improve street traders' empowerment and entrepreneurship. Also, development informatics is over-focused on social development and under-focused on economic development. This study takes a design science research (DSR) approach in order to identify barriers for street traders in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, that can be addressed with technology. As a follow-up to our previous qualitative study, a questionnaire was administered to a sample of (N = 285) street traders. The data was analysed using mixed methods. The results show that street traders operate in a challenging environment, and make most of their decisions based on tacit knowledge. Traders are restrained by unreliable business information, weak business strategies, and access to capital. A variety of technology innovations, such as customer-client matchmaking, and record keeping are proposed to directly address the daily challenges of street traders. Future technology projects form exciting possibilities for technology experts, students, and scholars globally. The expected future implications of this project are increased STI capacities, economic growth, and human development.

Teaching students to conduct a rigorous systematic literature review (SLR) may be challenging, given the growing output of scientific literature and the increasing plethora of supporting software and artificial intelligence tools such as ChatGPT. A SLR supported by design science artefacts and emerging artificial intelligence tools have the potential to overcome the challenges posed by increasing scientific literature. However, guidelines and steps required to conduct a SLR still need to be clarified in the existing literature. Furthermore, existing design science artefacts and software tools do not support teaching students to conduct rigorous systematic reviews. This paper presents guidelines on the required steps for a rigorous SLR and proposes a Researchbuddie artefact to support teaching SLR. Using a systematic review and design science findings, identify SLRs four main phases of planning, conducting, evaluating and reporting reviews, each supported by itemised sub-steps. Furthermore, a design science artefact Researchbuddie is proposed to support teaching SLR. Therefore, the paper contributes to guidelines for teaching SLR for Information Systems students with phases, sub-steps and a proposed Researchbuddie artefact.

Over the past two decades, there has been an explosion of innovation in software tools that encapsulate and expand the capabilities of the widely used student peer assessment. While the affordances and pedagogical impacts of traditional in-person, "paper-and-pencil" peer assessment have been studied extensively and are relatively well understood, computerized (online) peer assessment introduced not only shifts in scalability and efficiency, but also entirely new capabilities and forms of social learning interactions, instructor leverage, and distributed cognition, that still need to be researched and systematized. Despite the ample research on traditional peer assessment and evidence of its efficacy, common vocabulary and shared understanding of online peer-assessment system design, including the variety of methods, techniques, and implementations, is still missing. We present key findings of a comprehensive survey based on a systematic research framework for examining and generalizing affordances and constraints of online peer-assessment systems. This framework (a) provides a foundation of a design-science metatheory of online peer assessment, (b) helps structure the discussion of user needs and design options, and (c) informs educators and system design practitioners. We identified two major themes in existing and potential research-orientation towards scaffolded learning vs. exploratory learning and system maturity. We also outlined an agenda for future studies. Keywords Architectures for educational technology system • Peer assessment • Peer review • Online systems • Systematic review • Framework 1 Due to space limitations, detailed discussions of specific user needs, designs, and learning implications found in this study will be presented in follow-up publications. 2 Other known terms: technology-, IT-, CIT-, ICT-, network-, internet-, web-, cloud-. 3 Other known terms: aided, assisted, automated, based, enabled, mediated. 4 Other known terms: review, evaluation.

Peer assessment is widely used at all levels of education. Students give and receive feedback from their classmates, and thereby produce a wealth of information that can potentially be used to improve the assessment process. But thus far, each online peerassessment system has been an entity unto itself. There has been no attempt to compare the approaches taken by such systems, for example, the rubrics or the structuring of the assessment process. Our PeerLogic project is an attempt to change that. We are constructing a data warehouse of millions of peer reviews, from at least half-a-dozen systems, that can be mined to determine how differences in the assessment processes translate into differences in peer assessments. This paper reports on some of the issues that arise in the construction of the warehouse, and how we have resolved them in a way that will work for all constituent systems. We also presented an example of comparing data coming from two systems that are based on rating ...

This paper examines the possibilities of using the crowdsourcing strategy for theory testing. We first analyse the relationships between theory building and theory testing activities. Then, based on a systematic review of 248 papers published in MISQ, we characterise the intents and pattern systems of activities that have been used for theory testing. Finally, we ascertain which activities can be crowdsourced or not and pinpoint a set of pathways supporting partial and total crowdsourcing. The obtained results show that a large number of activities related to data gathering can be crowdsourced, and that a number of intents have viable pathways supporting partial crowdsourcing.

The material landscape we construct within our personal lives and inherit in public environments has significant impact upon our daily experiences. They affect our productivity, our feeling of wellbeing, and sense of being socially connected. Products that provide a positive userexperience can empower people and contribute to a healthful environment. Products that do not meet the product user's functional or emotional needs can cause a person's sense of independence to be eroded. The authors have developed an empathic design research strategy that builds on the capitals (e.g., background, physical abilities, and education) of the individual and the designer, to ensure that more intuitive design outcomes are generated which meet real needs, rather than assumed needs. Acknowledging that all people have an empathic horizon (a boundary to their knowledge, experience, and awareness), further learning can take place by the designer in direct consultation and collaboration with the users. Well-designed products that are intuitive to use contribute to a person's quality of life and independence. The possessions surrounding us can generate a sense of balance, harmony, and wellbeing. The number of possessions we own is not critical, but their usefulness and meaning to us is. As we age and develop disabilities, being able to live independently lives becomes increasingly important. Designers are developing ways in which to bridge the divide that exists between lived experiences, user needs, and existing products that fail to satisfy the user.

The material landscape we construct within our personal lives and inherit in public environments has significant impact upon our daily experiences. They affect our productivity, our feeling of wellbeing, and sense of being socially connected. Products that provide a positive userexperience can empower people and contribute to a healthful environment. Products that do not meet the product user's functional or emotional needs can cause a person's sense of independence to be eroded. The authors have developed an empathic design research strategy that builds on the capitals (e.g., background, physical abilities, and education) of the individual and the designer, to ensure that more intuitive design outcomes are generated which meet real needs, rather than assumed needs. Acknowledging that all people have an empathic horizon (a boundary to their knowledge, experience, and awareness), further learning can take place by the designer in direct consultation and collaboration with the users. Well-designed products that are intuitive to use contribute to a person's quality of life and independence. The possessions surrounding us can generate a sense of balance, harmony, and wellbeing. The number of possessions we own is not critical, but their usefulness and meaning to us is. As we age and develop disabilities, being able to live independently lives becomes increasingly important. Designers are developing ways in which to bridge the divide that exists between lived experiences, user needs, and existing products that fail to satisfy the user.

The Philosopher’s Stone has been described for centuries as a material substance capable of transmuting base metals into gold and conferring immortality. Beneath this veneer of allegory lies a hidden algorithm—a process‑based architecture for achieving ontological persistence in any domain. This paper extracts that algorithm through a twelve‑layer decoding of three foundational alchemical texts: the Emerald Tablet, Geber’s Summa Perfectionis, and the Rosarium Philosophorum. The resulting framework comprises seven core operations—Calcination, Dissolution, Separation, Conjunction, Fermentation, Distillation, and Coagulation—each governed by twelve constraints derived from the axiomatic principles of alchemical philosophy. Together, they form a formal algorithm that transforms a system (material, informational, or organizational) from a state of chaos or decay into a fixed, generative, self‑propagating order. The algorithm is expressed in operational language, translated across three distinct domains, and augmented with a detailed implementation protocol that defines how to determine completion timing through color progression, natural cycles, and constraint satisfaction. The Stone, therefore, is not a mythical object but a reproducible system state—the outcome of a disciplined, time‑aware transformation process. This synthesis reveals the enduring operational wisdom concealed within alchemical tradition and offers a universal protocol for building systems that persist.

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Date: March 22, 2026
Location: St. Charles, Missouri

Este artigo descreve uma ontologia para otimizar a modelagem de redes de valor. Este tipo de modelagem ainda depende consideravelmente do conhecimento tácito do analista de negócios, o qual pode ser representado em linguagem de máquina para facilitar a gestão do conhecimento em uma empresa ágil. A ontologia proposta é baseada em conceitos de Teoria de Agência Múltipla, Enterprise Ontology, Modelagem de Redes de Valor e Teoria dos Atos de Fala, permitindo a configuração semiautomática de modelos de redes de valor. A utilidade da ontologia é avaliada com três cenários de estudo de casos reais. A análise dos casos foi baseada em um protocolo de estudo de caso observacional adaptado de Design Science.

This article reconstructs the fourth section of Jawshan Kabir as a coherent governance-and-control architecture within the framework of Civilizational Algorithm Theory (CAT). Rather than treating the sequence of ten divine attributes as a cumulative devotional list, the study argues that the stanza encodes an ordered logic of legitimacy, capability, sovereignty, transcendence, provisioning, deterrence, audit, enforcement, reward, and canonical anchoring. Methodologically, the article adopts a qualitative, conceptual, and design-science-oriented approach based on bounded-text analysis, semantic decomposition, conceptual mapping, systems modelling, cybernetic translation, and governance indicator design. The findings show that the section is internally organized through four interlocking movements: exclusive possession of foundational excellences, identity-based transcendence, world-engaging action and control, and final return to reward and the mother-source of inscription. On this basis, the article proposes that the fourth section functions as a governance-resilience-canon stack. Theoretically, the study extends CAT beyond ontological grounding, governance-in-action, and executional optimality toward a more explicit architecture of transcendent governance. Methodologically, it demonstrates how a sacred text can be translated into layered system roles, cybernetic functions, and conceptually grounded KPI-style constructs without collapsing theology into managerial instrumentalism. Practically, it offers a principle-bound governance template in which dignity, capability, authority, provisioning, accountability, reward, and canonical memory remain structurally integrated.

This article develops a theory-building and governance-oriented reading of the third section of Jawshan Kabir through the lens of Civilizational Algorithm Theory (CAT). It examines whether the sequence of ten divine epithets, from Khayr al-Ghāfirīn to Khayr al-Muḥsinīn, can be reconstructed as a coherent civilizational execution stack rather than a cumulative liturgical list. Methodologically, the study adopts a qualitative, design-science-oriented conceptual approach based on bounded-text analysis, semantic extraction, theological interpretation, systems translation, and indicative KPI derivation. The analysis shows that the section encodes an ordered logic of restorative correction, opening, support mobilization, normative adjudication, provisioning sufficiency, continuity preservation, recognition, remembrance, ordered deployment, and ihsanic value addition. The findings suggest that the third section functions as a compressed grammar of civilizational execution and extends CAT beyond ontological grounding and governance-in-action toward executional optimality. The article contributes theoretically by advancing sacred-semantics-to-governance translation, methodologically by offering a replicable model for bounded-corpus reconstruction, and practically by proposing an evaluative vocabulary for institutions concerned with restorative justice, institutional de-bottlenecking, continuity management, and excellence-oriented public action.

Educational apps provide a vast opportunity for individuals to learn a variety of topics. By some estimates, there are more than several hundred thousand education applications on the iOS and Android platforms. These applications allow individuals to learn in a portable and personalizable

E-Learning is now being used by many organizations as an approach for enhancing the skills of knowledge workers. However, most applications have performed poorly in motivating employee learning, being perceived as less effective due to a lack of alignment of learning with work performance. To help solve this problem, we developed a performance-oriented approach using design science research methods. It uses performance measurement to clarify organizational goals and individual learning needs and links them to e-learning applications. The key concept lies in a Key Performance Indicator model, where organizational mission and vision are translated into a set of targets that drive learning towards a goal of improving work performance. We explored the mechanisms needed to utilize our approach and examined the necessary conceptual framework and implementation details. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach, a prototype workplace e-learning system was developed and used to evaluate the effectiveness of our approach.

Nowruz is considered the greatest ancient ritual in the countries of Southwestern Asia and some other parts of the world, and it is referred to as the Civilization of Nowruz. In this civilization, modernity, combating ignorance, moderation, truthfulness, greenery, and separation from ugliness are distinctive elements. This research seeks to answer the question of how it is possible to enable cultural convergence among the countries of the Nowruz sphere by applying a proper media strategy. The findings of the study, conducted with an analytical-descriptive approach, indicate the unparalleled power of Nowruz as an intercultural and convergent platform among these societies, whereby national or transnational media can consider Nowruz as an important cultural agenda in their diplomacy. The findings indicate that despite differences in geography, politics, and elites of the countries within the Nowruz civilization sphere, convergence is possible through the establishment of a Nowruz-based media union, the policy-making of dialogue-oriented macro and transnational media based on Nowruz dialogues, and the production of visual content, especially films and animations, regarding the historicity, culture, and discourse of Nowruz in the member countries of this sphere, which plays an undeniable and effective role..

Design and the arts are recognized to expand their fields as research approaches enabling new insights, questions and methods in science and education. Design thinking as well as speculative and participatory design provide approaches between composition, craft and (collaborative) knowledge production. Design thinking is a systematic and at the same time flexible process that can enable volunteer researchers and lay designers to work in transdisciplinary teams taking over a strategic role in citizen science (CS) projects. The author claims the potential of design thinking and likes to inspire further experimentation with creativity and idiosyncrasies as resources for CS and open innovation. The article provides an overview on related approaches and highlights potential benefits to CS based on a literature research and was inspired by two workshops -including "Kollaboratives Forschen und Spekulieren -Design thinking für Citizen Scientists" at the occasion of ACSC2023.

This article discusses a translational cycle and a translational platform which have been designed in the context of the FutureEnterprise project, a European Commission funded support action. One of the main strategic axes of the FutureEnterprise project is related to a specific focus on translational research activities, aiming to bridge academic and industrial research with Internet-based entrepreneurship and digital business innovation. The term ‘translational research’ appeared in Pubmed illustrates, for the first time around 1993 to identify the “translational gaps’’, hindering the transformation of discoveries in the life sciences into improvements having societal profit from basic research. As for the management research, translational issues have been pointed out as relevant and critical factors within Academy of Management (AOM) research community, identifying two types of translational challenges for an effective impact of management research on practice: a “lost in transl...

This paper presents the experimental foundation, methodology, and pilot data from an exploratory triangulation of front end engineering design activities with physiology data and psychological preferences. The aim is to gain more measurement control over engineering design activities by "opening the black box" of the designer's cognitive state (prevalent problem solving style and momentary cognitive load measured by means of physiology data) as he/she engages in different design activities (divergent engineering activity vs. convergent engineering activity). Ultimately, we intend to contribute to the design community's pressing need for design performance metrics that will allow the comparison of various engineering design activities. The aim is to understand and model the relationships between engineering design behavior (actual engineering activity), problem solving preference (individual psychological predisposition), and realtime physiological data of engineers (EEG, ECG, and other physiological telemetry data).

The performance of a design team is influenced by each team member's unique cognitive style -i.e., their preferred manner of managing structure as they solve problems, make decisions, and seek to bring about change. Cognitive style plays an important role in how teams of engineers design and collaborate, but the interactions of cognitive style with team organization and processes have not been well studied. The limitations of small-scale behavioral experiments have led researchers to develop computational models for simulating teamwork; however, none have modeled the effects of individuals' cognitive styles. This paper presents the Kirton Adaption-Innovation Inventory agentbased organizational optimization model (KABOOM), the first agent-based model of teamwork to incorporate cognitive style. In KABOOM, heterogeneous agents imitate the diverse problem-solving styles described by the Kirton Adaption-Innovation construct, which places each individual somewhere along the spectrum of cognitive style preference. Using the model, we investigate the interacting effects of a team's communication patterns, specialization, and cognitive style composition on design performance. By simulating cognitive style in the context of team problem solving, KABOOM lays the groundwork for the development of team simulations that reflect humans' diverse problem-solving styles.

Fair and secure data trading is one of the most prominent challenges of the 21st century. This paper presents a second iteration of an approach to develop a data marketplace concept by checking consumer requirements. The main problem we identified is data quality and the question: Would a dataset fulfill the consumer requirements? Starting from an approach that uses a binary response set to answer the question of whether requirements are met, we concluded that a description of consumer requirements needs to be quantitatively comparable. The novel approach presented here identifies similarities between datasets and consumer requirements. It forms a unique, fingerprint-like similarity signature for each dataset, which can be interpreted by both human and non-human actors. The approach is deducted and designed by using the Design Science Research Methodology and discussed critically in the end.

The first decades of the XXI century have been marked by profound institutional transformations resulting from intensified migration flows, the crisis of classical models of the State, the reconfiguration of labor relations, and the massive incorporation of algorithmic systems into decision-making processes. In this context, education, health, law, and technology no longer operate as relatively autonomous fields, but rather as interdependent dimensions of a single process of social reorganization. This article proposes an ecosystem-based reading of educational public policies, articulating algorithmic governance, ethnic plurality, and mental health as inseparable axes in the contemporary production of subjectivities and social trajectories. It argues that the educational crisis should not be understood as a sectoral dysfunction, but as the manifestation of an ecosystemic failure, in which fragile institutional architectures generate youth frustration, the judicialization of school life, medicalization, and the precarization of future horizons. The STREAM model is introduced as a horizon for educational reorganization oriented toward the reconstruction of human ecosystems capable of integrating science, technology, culture, language, ethics, and care. Finally, it is argued that emancipatory educational public policies should be assessed less by performance indicators and more by their capacity to produce institutional conditions of existence, belonging, and social agency in contexts of algorithmic mediation.

A Discovery of Social Impact Categories for the Sustainable Design of Engineered Products and Their Consideration by Industry Professionals Andrew Taylor Pack Department of Mechanical Engineering, BYU Master of Science Sustainable design is often practiced and assessed through the consideration of three essential areas: economic sustainability, environmental sustainability, and social sustainability. For even the simplest of products, the complexities of these three areas and their tradeoffs cause decisionmaking transparency to be lost in most practical situations. Additionally, the models and tools available to consider social sustainability are severely underdeveloped. This thesis is separated into three parts: 1) a design tool to consider all three aspects of sustainability simultaneously, 2) a literature survey to characterize social impact as it relates to products, and 3) interviews with engineering professionals regarding how social impact is currently considered in product d...

Information Systems (IS) projects are saturated with status talk-"almost done," "partner onboarded," "ethics addressed"-yet what ultimately matters is recognized closure: acts and results that a competent audience accepts under explicit standards and that become facts in an institutional, not just technical, sense. We develop the Ad Hoc Weaving Framework (AHWF) as a design theory of completion that makes recognized closure the unit of success in crossboundary, ethically consequential IS work. AHWF interlocks four mechanisms. We formalize six axioms, advance a domainbounded ARC (adequacy-relevance-coverage) claim, and instantiate AHWF as a Minimal Working Set (MWS) of three onepage instruments (Trope Worksheet, VLC Canvas, CI-CV Ladder) that complement agile, BPMN, worksystem canvases, and stagegates. We articulate testable propositions and a FEDSconsistent evaluation program (Venable, PriesHeje, & Baskerville, 2016) with operational measures (closure latency, reopenings, evidence coverage, decision reversals), and we demonstrate mechanism effects in care transitions, municipal benefits, education, and a privacypreserving KYC sandbox. We contribute a portable design theory that reframes "done" as a recognized fact, a runnable apparatus that teams can adopt in days, and a measurement vocabulary for cumulative evaluation of completion quality in IS.

The Association of Computing Machinery (ACM) and the Association for Information Systems (AIS), two global professional and academic societies with a stake in Information Systems (IS) education, are engaged in a project to revise the Information Systems Curriculum for bachelor's degrees. A joint taskforce on the Information Systems (IS2020) Model Curriculum was created following the report and recommendation of an Exploratory Taskforce. This panel seeks to introduce the work of this taskforce as well as engage the AMCIS community in this effort. The taskforce seeks to facilitate broad feedback during the IS2020 development process through surveys and open feedback requests. Panelists will introduce key components of this process and seek input and feedback. This session should be of interest to all attendees, especially faculty developing collegelevel curricula in Information Systems.