Dialogical Approach

Abstract

Kenya's coastal region, comprising the six counties of Mombasa, Kilifi, Kwale, Lamu, Taita-Taveta, and Tana River under the Jumuiya ya Kaunti za Pwani (JKP) framework, occupies a strategic position in Kenya's blue economy agenda. Despite significant investment in development projects spanning water and sanitation, renewable energy, food security, education, and waste management, sustainable development outcomes in these counties remain constrained by fragmented, siloed project design and implementation. This paper introduces and advances the concept of the Integrated Project Implementation Nexus (IPIN)—a theoretical and operational framework that conceptualises the five core development sectors as interdependent, mutually reinforcing systems whose combined implementation, when strategically co-ordinated, produces development outcomes significantly greater than the sum of individual sector investments.
Employing a mixed-methods research design, the study draws on quantitative survey data from 210 project stakeholders across the six JKP counties, qualitative interviews with county development officers, NGO programme managers, and community leaders, alongside systematic analysis of project documentation, county integrated development plans, and donor evaluation reports. The study finds that projects designed with explicit cross-sector integration mechanisms achieve 37 to 52 percent better performance on sustainable development outcome indicators compared to sectorally isolated interventions. The paper proposes the IPIN Framework as a practical guide for project designers, M&E practitioners, county governments, and development partners, and argues that the blue economy context of Kenya's coast provides both the justification and the opportunity for a paradigm shift from project silos to integrated nexus-based development delivery.
Keywords: integrated nexus, blue economy, project implementation, sustainable development, water-energy-food nexus, waste management, education, coastal Kenya, monitoring and evaluation, project management, JKP counties, circular economy, SDGs

Kenya stands at an unprecedented legislative inflection point in the governance of artificial intelligence. The Data Protection Act (2019) establishes a foundational privacy framework. The National AI Strategy 2025-2030 charts an ambitious national development vision (Government of Kenya, 2025). The Artificial Intelligence Bill (2026), tabled before the Senate, represents Kenya's first formal attempt at binding AI regulation. Yet a fundamental governance gap persists: there is no enacted liability framework for AIcaused harm, no designated regulatory authority for algorithmic systems, and no legal precedent in East African courts for adjudicating disputes arising from automated decision-making. This paper maps that gap, analyses the existing legislative landscape, identifies the critical unanswered questions of AI liability and accountability, and argues that African legal practitioners must be the architects of the frameworks that will govern artificial intelligence across East Africa.

the collective experience of the sublime and the phenomenon of celebration. To accomplish my task, I will first need to explain the connection between the Kantian sublime and the interhuman field, as it was described in the works of Martin Buber. Secondly, Daniel Stern's moments of meeting will be analyzed in conjunction with Martin Buber's I-Thou relationship, in order to prove that this human experience of encountering the other necessarily involves the critical instant of decision and engagement. Nevertheless, the accounts of Marc Richir and Hans-Georg Gadamer concerning the phenomenon of celebration will be interrogated together, so that I can show how the "transitional area of the sublime" functions in the case of the authentic community between persons. The "transitional area of the sublime" involves the fusion between imagination and reality (Winnicott), but also the surprise and awe, which awaken (phenomenologically) the person towards the other, unveiling the ethical element of our lives, such as respect, empathy etc. The main purpose of this paper is to show the relationship between ethics and aesthetics from a phenomenological standpoint. This paper also attempts to bridge the gap between psychoanalysis and phenomenology by virtue of the connection which can be estalished between the works of Daniel Stern on the one hand and the phenomenological authors (such as Marc Richir), on the other hand.

In this fast-paced world, the concept of false consciousness has escalated to an alarming extent, where people are unable to decipher truth from false, which can be equated to man's tendency to normalize and sometimes even legitimize injustices prevailing in the society. Critical Language Pedagogy (CLP) aims to critically analyse the world around by evaluating the language as it relates to issues of equity, power, and social justice, and to inform a critical stance, response and/or action. It aids one to have multiple perspectives and enables to look for bias, if any, its sources, or reasons. Eventually, CLP encourage people to realize that repetition is not reality and to change the norms that are believed to be immutable for ages. This article presents a critical examination of the theoretical background and practical applications of CLP as a transformative approach within the field of language education. Employed with foundations in the work of Paulo Freire and strengthened by recent arguments for ethical commitment by Crookes, this article explores the mechanisms by which CLP empowers learners to critically deconstruct linguistic and social norms, thereby fostering a heightened state of social consciousness and agency. The article surveys key pedagogical strategies, including problem-posing education, dialogical exchange and project-based learning, which are increasingly realized through multimodal and digital formats. Furthermore, this analysis addresses criticisms directed at CLP, the inherent complexity of its implementation, and the necessity of engaging with contemporary decolonial and algorithmic challenges. The article concludes with an outlining of prospective research directions, advocating for empirical investigations designed to measure the long-term impact of CLP on learner empowerment, academic achievement, and social transformation.

Investigaciones previas han encontrado patrones comunicativos específicos en parejas que lidian con la depresión, específicamente cuando la depresión está asociada con problemas conyugales. Este hecho puede conllevar a que las parejas presenten dificultades para desarrollar una comunicación colaborativa en las sesiones, lo que supone un verdadero reto para los terapeutas. Este estudio exploratorio examina desde un enfoque dialógico la dominancia y el tipo de diálogo establecido en una pareja que lidia con la depresión y que presenta un bajo ajuste diádico. Las respuestas de los terapeutas fueron exploradas para identificar cuáles fueron las más efectivas al propiciar una actitud colaborativa. El método utilizado para analizar el diálogo fue el Método de Investigaciones Dialógicas de Cambio (IDC). Los resultados sugirieron cualidades del diálogo ilustrativas del malestar conyugal presente en la pareja. Se identificaron respuestas terapéuticas a través del diálogo que pueden resultar ...

ATPS) is a transdisciplinary network of researchers, policymakers, private sector actors, and the civil society promoting the generation, dissemination, use, and mastery of Science, Technology, and Innovations (STI) for African development, environmental sustainability, and global inclusion. In collaboration with likeminded institutions, ATPS provides platforms for regional and international research and knowledge sharing in order to build Africa's capabilities in STI policy research, policymaking, and implementation for sustainable development.

As a part of growing concern, several significant decisions have been accepted by world leaders beneath the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in the recent decades. In France, parties of the world came to a consent known as ‘Paris agreement’ to minimize the causes and effects of climate change in 12th December 2015 which has been ratified by enough member states within next year. The agreement with ‘common global target’ determined mitigation attributes to confine global temperature increase to 1.5 degree Celsius and develop the capacity to adapt climate change effects and become more resilient. Countries have devoted to support this global agenda through Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and review it in every five years. Along with mitigation measures, parties are intended to introduce adaptation strategies, plans, actions in response to climate change effects. However, within this global platform of opportunities, member states are promised t...

This research uses a dialogical approach to the theory of social representations to investigate examples of social innovation in volunteer and community projects across Europe. Social representational processes shape public agendas and determine which issues are put forward. One example of this dynamic communicative exchange is the annual Social Innovation Competition of the European Innovation Council, for which an award is given each year. The study looks at a total of 36 projects that won awards over 10 years of the competition in Europe. Our archival research focuses on and discusses the co-construction of the meaning of innovation in relation to ecology. The analysis concentrates on the countries of origin of the projects, as well as the thematic areas, in relation to the themes of social innovation selected by the European Innovation Council. In this process, three crucial voices are examined, including the voice of the European Innovation Council, voice of the innovator in each award-winning project, and voice of the general public. The results indicate that members of volunteer and community sectors propose socially innovative initiatives, especially in the areas of enhancing planetary consciousness and improving the quality of human life.

Henrieta ȘERBAN Mihai Drăgănescu. Conştiinţa explicată ca "Deschidere interioară‖ şi lecţia sa panideică / Mihai Drăgănescu. Consciousness explaibed as-inner-opening‖ and its paideutic lesson Adrian NIŢĂ Leibniz şi Kant în viziunea lui Désiré Nolen / Leibniz and Kant in the view of Désiré Nolen Constantin STOENESCU Democraţia deliberativă şi utilizarea energiei nucleare / Deliberative democracy and the use of nuclear energy Gorun MANOLESCU Modalităţi de gândire. Azi gândirea conceptual pură / Ways of thinking. Today, pure conceptual thinking Eugen STAICU Fenomen şi lucru în sine la Kant şi Cassier / Phenomenon and yhing-in-self in Kant and Cassier

Ratatie 22, 01300 Vantaa, Finland Phone +358 (0)9 8868 7150 Fax +358 (0)9 8868 7200 [email protected] www.laurea.fi Business ID 1046216-1 Domicile Vantaa PLEASE NOTE! THIS IS PARALLEL PUBLISHED VERSION OF THE ORIGINAL BOOK To cite this Article: Riikka Anttonen, Victoria Ateca-Amestoy, Kaisa Holopainen, Tanja Johansson, Annukka Jyrämä, Anne Karkkunen, Kaari-Kiitsak Prikk, Kristina Kuznetsova-Bodanovitš, Mervi Luonila, Juko-Mart Kölar, Beatriz Plaza, Kätlin Pulk, Tiina Pusa, Anna Ranczakowska-Ljutjuk, Marge Sassi, Ira Stiller, Anne Äyväri (2016). Managing art projects with societal impact : in a nutshell. Helsinki: Unigrafia.

Stiller and Anne Äyväri. We have each contributed to the building and commenting on the chapters, not only within our fields of expertise but conjointly and collectively throughout the Study Book. The book is based on our joint activities within Managing Art Projects with Societal Impact (MAPSI)-project in EU Erasmus+ Lifelong learning-programme (201-32016). MAPSI joins five organizations that each bring into the project their special expertise; Estonian Academy of Theatre and Music, Estonian Business School,

Stiller and Anne Äyväri. We have each contributed to the building and commenting on the chapters, not only within our fields of expertise but conjointly and collectively throughout the Study Book. The book is based on our joint activities within Managing Art Projects with Societal Impact (MAPSI)-project in EU Erasmus+ Lifelong learning-programme (201-32016). MAPSI joins five organizations that each bring into the project their special expertise; Estonian Academy of Theatre and Music, Estonian Business School,

Kenya, like many developing countries, has relatively insignificant carbon emissions and has hardly contributed to the climate change being experienced in the world. Nevertheless, the country is very vulnerable to the aftermaths of climate change, and this continues to threaten its developmental milestones. These adverse impacts are aggravated by the fact that the growth of Kenya’s economy principally relies on sectors that are dependent on climate, such as agriculture, tourism, forestry, and fishing. These milestones in climate change governance have triggered climate change actions and projects by various national and county public and private agencies, organizations, activists as well as global partners in many parts of Kenya. Consequently, a considerable amount of climate change information that can elicit incredible adaptation actions on the ground has been generated in Kenya. What is needed is for this information to be cascaded from its custodians to the ground so that it can translate to desirable behavioral change and climate resilient actions among affected populations.

Experts have been calling for the integration of climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction into local administrative units for decades. With the emergence of an international land restoration agenda, a growing interest exists to understand how landscape restoration can increase local resilience while catalyzing the integration of climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction. This project explores the interconnections and potential for achieving greater synergies among these three agendas, which we refer to as the CDR nexus. Kenya has committed to restore 5.1 million hectares of land under the AFR100 initiative (see box on page 2). One challenge for achieving this is that the country has a devolved system of government in which many CDR functions are implemented by 47 different subnational county administrations. Although general agreement exists that actions to achieve the goals of these policy areas should converge, some institutional barriers need to be overcome. For example, climate change adaptation, disaster risk reduction, and land restoration initiatives are often situated in different ministries and departments. In addition, county administrative borders do not follow landscape or hydrologic boundaries that are ideal for land restoration planning. Sustainable financing is another concern. Although there is a growing call to "unlock" private investments for land restoration, merging a profit orientation with the social nature of development is not always easy. Therefore, developing institutional frameworks to guide these new activities toward county land restoration objectives is critical.

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Working Papers contain preliminary research, analysis, findings, and recommendations. They are circulated to stimulate timely discussion and critical feedback, and to influence ongoing debate on emerging issues. Working papers may eventually be published in another form and their content may be revised.

This article aims to describe and highlight major climate threats found in Kenya and climate change policy implemented by the government of Kenya from 2010 to 2022. Climate change poses a severe threat to the living conditions of citizens and wildlife worldwide. Numerous studies have demonstrated that in the absence of implemented policies, living conditions can be further deteriorated. While Africa may not contribute significantly to air pollution, there are other human activities that pollute the environment and need to be eliminated, as African people are already suffering from the impacts of climate change. African countries must take necessary steps to initiate sustainable development policies that ensure a better life for their citizens. In the case of Kenya, droughts and floods have resulted in the loss of human and animal lives and have negatively impacted the country's economy. Consequently, the government has implemented necessary measures since 2010 to address the iss...

Intergovernmental relation is an important principle in realising synergy among different levels of government and within specific levels for stability of entire government. It applies irrespective of the system of government embraced by a country since there is always the state and its related agency, the government. For governments to work efficiently there has to be further decentralisation with lower levels of government taking central role in implementation of policies through various programmes. Although decentralisation, in particular its devolution aspect, has been challenging to effectively realise, many countries have opted for some form of decentralisation aimed at ensuring efficient provision of services.

Stiller and Anne Äyväri. We have each contributed to the building and commenting on the chapters, not only within our fields of expertise but conjointly and collectively throughout the Study Book. The book is based on our joint activities within Managing Art Projects with Societal Impact (MAPSI)-project in EU Erasmus+ Lifelong learning-programme (201-32016). MAPSI joins five organizations that each bring into the project their special expertise; Estonian Academy of Theatre and Music, Estonian Business School,

Various institutional models for the governance of water services have been implemented in different nations with varying degrees of success. Devolution is one such model, in which both political policymaking authority and fiscal resources are decentralised to subnational government units. Assigning specified responsibilities to various levels of government is a crucial design future of the institutional arrangements enacted through devolution policy. This article examines how the assignment of functions within Kenya's existing institutional structure, in accordance with devolution policy, has impacted the country influenced the provision of water services. The article is based on qualitative data drawn from twenty-six semi-structured interviews with policy actors from the national and county levels of government, as well as non-governmental water sector actors. Transcribed data were analysed using thematic coding through Dedoose, a tool for qualitative data processing. The article establishes that a lack of clarity on functional assignment in the devolution institutional arrangements has led to opportunistic actors, primarily from the national government, exercising their powers to assert a dominant position in water services delivery, even in functional competencies assigned to the county governments, thereby impeding the achievement of optimal outcomes in water supply services. The article concludes that when designing institutional arrangements for public service delivery in multilevel governance regimes, it is crucial that the adopted configuration recognises and adequately addresses the political complexity inherent in the distribution of authority and attendant fiscal resources through a clear definition in the legal framework, of explicit functions assigned to each level of government and concurrent functions to be undertaken jointly by both levels and how these should be coordinated. To make devolution policy more effective, the assignment of functions should also be proportional to the scale of the policy issues being addressed at what level in order to avoid situations of institutional mismatches that could undermine the desired governance outcomes.

Various institutional models for the governance of water services have been implemented in different nations with varying degrees of success. Devolution is one such model, in which both political policymaking authority and fiscal resources are decentralised to subnational government units. Assigning specified responsibilities to various levels of government is a crucial design future of the institutional arrangements enacted through devolution policy. This article examines how the assignment of functions within Kenya's existing institutional structure, in accordance with devolution policy, has impacted the country influenced the provision of water services. The article is based on qualitative data drawn from twenty-six semi-structured interviews with policy actors from the national and county levels of government, as well as non-governmental water sector actors. Transcribed data were analysed using thematic coding through Dedoose, a tool for qualitative data processing. The article establishes that a lack of clarity on functional assignment in the devolution institutional arrangements has led to opportunistic actors, primarily from the national government, exercising their powers to assert a dominant position in water services delivery, even in functional competencies assigned to the county governments, thereby impeding the achievement of optimal outcomes in water supply services. The article concludes that when designing institutional arrangements for public service delivery in multilevel governance regimes, it is crucial that the adopted configuration recognises and adequately addresses the political complexity inherent in the distribution of authority and attendant fiscal resources through a clear definition in the legal framework, of explicit functions assigned to each level of government and concurrent functions to be undertaken jointly by both levels and how these should be coordinated. To make devolution policy more effective, the assignment of functions should also be proportional to the scale of the policy issues being addressed at what level in order to avoid situations of institutional mismatches that could undermine the desired governance outcomes.

This article aims to describe and highlight major climate threats found in Kenya and climate change policy implemented by the government of Kenya from 2010 to 2022. Climate change poses a severe threat to the living conditions of citizens and wildlife worldwide. Numerous studies have demonstrated that in the absence of implemented policies, living conditions can be further deteriorated. While Africa may not contribute significantly to air pollution, there are other human activities that pollute the environment and need to be eliminated, as African people are already suffering from the impacts of climate change. African countries must take necessary steps to initiate sustainable development policies that ensure a better life for their citizens. In the case of Kenya, droughts and floods have resulted in the loss of human and animal lives and have negatively impacted the country's economy. Consequently, the government has implemented

Сквозь призму гипноидного анализа проблематизируются первоисточники, эссенциальные особенности и последствия детской агрессии на индивидуальном и социэтальном уровнях. Выявляется значение этого метода для психологии развития и девиантологии.

This research sought to assess the financial management from the perspective of skills & capacity utilization, records keeping, budgeting and adoption of regulations by County governments in Kenya for purposes of enhancing service delivery to the public. A descriptive survey of 20 counties drawn across the former eight provincial /regional administrative units was conducted between 2018 and 2019. The findings indicate that most counties were constraint with skills and capacity across various sections including budgeting, records management and regulation.it was noted that Counties generated various types of records including policy related records, financial records and auditing records whose management was curtailed by inadequately trained staff, lack of records disposal and retention schedules, inadequate equipment and space, moderate policies and standards notwithstanding. While positive strides had been made in the most counties' budgeting process especially towards 2019 /2020, there was need to enhance coordination between national and county departments, political independence, stakeholder involvement, funding process and spending against limited revenue to best meet the needs of the public. Reviewing and redesigning IFMIS system to capture information from PBB are the essential next steps for improving budgeting at the county level. Strict adherence to the Public Financial Management Acts and other County legislations and regulations was equally noted to be critical and most counties struggled with the implementation because of weak legislative and enforcement challenges, lack of political goodwill among others. Among various recommendations, the study recommended adoption of a financial management framework that would enhance service delivery at the county governments in Kenya.

This study explores how five pre-service subject teachers from different disciplines made sense of and characterized their teacher identity after completing their yearlong pedagogical studies. Leaning on the Bakhtinian dialogical approach and socio-culturally oriented discourse analysis, we examine how the students negotiated multiple voices in their narratives (interviews) and how they positioned themselves in relation to these voices. In the students' identity negotiation, the Discourse based on participatory pedagogy and education responsibility contradicted with the Discourse of traditional pedagogy that the students had as a cultural resource from their own youth. These different Discourses collided with each other and were tested and reflected in an internal dialogue. Through this process, the students negotiated their prospective subject teacher identity.

According to Mihai Șora’s theory/philosophical stance, every inquiry into the relation between phenomenology and metaphysics must start first from the clarification of the notions of existence and in-sistence. If, according to the existentialist phenomenology, existence sends to the fact of being situated in the exterior of your inner self (as Heidegger would put it that is being thrown out ahead in your existential projects), in-sistence is, in Șora’s view, a way of being centered upon yourself, i.e. lying entirely in
your own self. For Heidegger, the essence of the Dassein consists in the Dassein’s existence. For Șora, the integral existential project of man, being made of the man’s totality of existential acts, does not come out from the mode of existence (as interpreted by Heidegger), but rather resides in the in-sistence’s mode. The passage from existence to in-sistence marks here a leap from phenomenology to a sort of metaphysics which nonetheless does not cancel out the phenomenological inquiry, but rather attempts at integrating the latter in a broader and more comprehensive theory of being and grounding. The result of this analysis would be that phenomenology and metaphysics are in truth two complementary domains, and not two opposed approaches in philosophy

Concerned with philosophy, history and logic alike, Athanase Joja has written a treatise on logic which is the fundamental landmark of the current logic research. The second half of the twentieth century is marked by the appearance of its four volumes of logic. The volumes include a history of logic, problems of systematic logic and logic of science, which reveals his logical vision, but also his philosophical one. He manages to develop a complex theory of the history of logic, capitalizing on the conceptions of classical and modern philosophers, through a proper hierarchy and interpretation, corresponding to an integrative conception. He gives ample space to some complex, vast and difficult-tomatch problems. He has been questioning himself constantly and he sought pertinent answers to problems of logic, epistemology and ontology, in order to capture some generally valid truths. The history of ancient thought, Greek philosophy and especially Aristotelian thought were analysed, systematized and discussed in his own manner, a fact which led Constantin Noica to contribute to the publication of two of his History of Ancient Thought volumes. About him, Ion Ianoși stated that through his texts he proves a certain aesthetic sensitivity and receptivity to artistic values. The present study, based on a careful documentation, aims to configure an image as close as possible to the reality of the great thinker Athanase Joja. Particularly critical of his own writings, he provoked a relatively low cognitive interest in his research; this explains the fact that his work is insufficiently known and valued. However, the 21st century has begun with a globally manifest desire to capitalize on and reinterpret the knowledge of the forerunners. In this regard, we note the fact that his life and work were evoked, in 2004, on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of his birth. In the public life, he played an important role in promoting scientific values and contributed to the establishment of prestigious international scientific publications and events, which would capitalize on the results of Romanian scientific research. We consider that any attention paid to Athanase Joja's work is an approach that is part of the global cultural trends of the 21st century.

Stiller and Anne Äyväri. We have each contributed to the building and commenting on the chapters, not only within our fields of expertise but conjointly and collectively throughout the Study Book. The book is based on our joint activities within Managing Art Projects with Societal Impact (MAPSI)-project in EU Erasmus+ Lifelong learning-programme (201-32016). MAPSI joins five organizations that each bring into the project their special expertise; Estonian Academy of Theatre and Music, Estonian Business School,

This study reports on the first stage of a larger joint research project undertaken by five universities in Mexico to explore university teachers' thinking about out-of-class teamwork. Data from interviews were analyzed using open and axial coding. Although results suggest a positive perception towards teamwork, the study unveiled important negative opinions. These opinions suggest the lack of success in promoting deep learning and in developing students' socio-cognitive abilities. Findings were used to develop a survey to be applied to more teachers to gain a broader perspective and to corroborate results. Key words: Higher education, out-of-class teamwork, teacher educators, teacher perceptions. Este estudio reporta la primera etapa de una investigación en conjunto con cinco universidades mexicanas, en donde se explora el pensamiento de profesores universitarios acerca del trabajo en equipo fuera de clase. Los datos recolectados a través de entrevistas fueron analizados ...

The present work proposes a pragmatic perspective of the development of personal identity. Such perspective is based on a unifying vision that incorporates the contribution of communicative pragmatics and becomes aware of the contribution of semiotics to psychology, without leaving aside the eriksonian point of view and other significant contributions in the field. The article defines identity in adolescence from a development approach, and adopts a systemic perspective concerning the insertion of adolescents in their context of formation as individuals. It then proposes a way to understand identity from a pragmatic-communicative perspective. Finally, it introduces two communicative use contexts from which personal identity can emerge, showing the importance of communication and language in the formation and development of identity.

Public engagement, openness, and accountability are strongly emphasized in the 2010 Kenyan Constitution and the accompanying legislative framework on devolution as ways to increase the effectiveness, equity, and inclusivity of government and service delivery. The devolution framework includes many laws mandating county governments to interact with residents during planning, budgeting, and service delivery monitoring and to make information publicly available. The aim of this research was to how public participation affect devolved governance system in Kenya at Kwale County Government. Specific objectives were developed for the study and included; to determine the impact of fair notice and time on Kenya's decentralized government structure and public engagement, to evaluate the impact of appropriate and accessible information on Kenya's decentralized government system and public engagement, to ascertain the impact of fair and open  dialogue on Kenya's decentralized govern...

Stiller and Anne Äyväri. We have each contributed to the building and commenting on the chapters, not only within our fields of expertise but conjointly and collectively throughout the Study Book. The book is based on our joint activities within Managing Art Projects with Societal Impact (MAPSI)-project in EU Erasmus+ Lifelong learning-programme (201-32016). MAPSI joins five organizations that each bring into the project their special expertise; Estonian Academy of Theatre and Music, Estonian Business School,

Stiller and Anne Äyväri. We have each contributed to the building and commenting on the chapters, not only within our fields of expertise but conjointly and collectively throughout the Study Book. The book is based on our joint activities within Managing Art Projects with Societal Impact (MAPSI)-project in EU Erasmus+ Lifelong learning-programme (201-32016). MAPSI joins five organizations that each bring into the project their special expertise; Estonian Academy of Theatre and Music, Estonian Business School,

Climate finance refers to the financial resources mobilized to fund actions that aim at mitigating the impacts of climate change, reducing vulnerability, and increasing the resilience of human and ecological systems to negative impacts of climate change. Climate finance remains central to achieving low-carbon, climate-resilient development. This policy brief specifically examines Climate Finance Flows and Finance needs; the way forward for Tanzania; how it takes to establishing a National Climate Change Financing Mechanism (NCCFM) and the Climate Change Fund (CCF), hence it offers proposed key actions for establishing the CCF as outlined in the FYDP III Financing Strategy. This policy brief also examines proposed areas of inclusion in the NCCFM, the coordination mechanism, and an evaluation of the capacity needs.

Stiller and Anne Äyväri. We have each contributed to the building and commenting on the chapters, not only within our fields of expertise but conjointly and collectively throughout the Study Book. The book is based on our joint activities within Managing Art Projects with Societal Impact (MAPSI)-project in EU Erasmus+ Lifelong learning-programme (201-32016). MAPSI joins five organizations that each bring into the project their special expertise; Estonian Academy of Theatre and Music, Estonian Business School,

This article accounts for an experience of digital storytelling workshops with indigenous adolescents in Chile, and proposes a theoretical and methodological approach to analyze digital creations with a dialogic and ethnographic point of view. Based on this, it discusses the possibilities of digital media production as a strategy for the self-expression of children and adolescents, particularly immersed in unequal and ethnically diverse educational contexts. The specific case of two Mapuche girls reveals complex ways of organizing and positioning their voices, where 'girl power' and 'post-girl power' discourses are relevant, but not so their ethnicity. The results show that television, with its main audiovisual genres, styles and stereotypes, appears clearly on the teenagers' creations, while the absence of Mapuche signs along the creation process and also into the digital stories seems to be related with two important features of the Chilean educational system: ethnic inequalities and its fierce attachment to neoliberalism.

Stiller and Anne Äyväri. We have each contributed to the building and commenting on the chapters, not only within our fields of expertise but conjointly and collectively throughout the Study Book. The book is based on our joint activities within Managing Art Projects with Societal Impact (MAPSI)-project in EU Erasmus+ Lifelong learning-programme (201-32016). MAPSI joins five organizations that each bring into the project their special expertise; Estonian Academy of Theatre and Music, Estonian Business School,

Stiller and Anne Äyväri. We have each contributed to the building and commenting on the chapters, not only within our fields of expertise but conjointly and collectively throughout the Study Book. The book is based on our joint activities within Managing Art Projects with Societal Impact (MAPSI)-project in EU Erasmus+ Lifelong learning-programme (201-32016). MAPSI joins five organizations that each bring into the project their special expertise; Estonian Academy of Theatre and Music, Estonian Business School,

This book is the culmination of an Erasmus + funded project which aimed to independently identify the impact of youth work in the UK (England), Finland, Estonia, Italy and France. It applied a participatory evaluation methodology entitled ‘transformative evaluation’ which collated young people’s own accounts of the impact of youth work on their lives – collecting their stories. Over 700 stories were collected in total over a year long process. The stories were then analysed independently through a process of coding and only then was youth work in each of the five countries compared and contrasted. The findings reveal both the diversity as well as the similarity of youth work in Europe. Differences include the variety in age ranges across the five countries, where youth begins at 7 in Estonia, but extends to 35 in Italy. Other differences revealed include the differing levels of resources available to youth workers and therefore the variety in opportunities that this creates for youn...

This paper addresses the ways through which the national government of Kenya has proved to be a threat to devolution. Challenges emanating from national government actions are hampering the implementation of devolution. Devolution was intended to bring services closer to the people and promote public participation in decision-making. Transfer of functions from the national government to county governments and resource allocation to counties as provided for in the constitution 2010 is core to the implementation of devolution. Public participation permitted communities to manage their own affairs and further their development agenda. The minority and marginalized communities are recognized and protected through a devolved system of government as provided for in Article 174 of the constitution. The issue of inequality which was strongly practiced by the centralized system of governanceshouldbe addressed through devolution. There has been the development of national laws and policies other than devolution laws that were developed on the onset of the devolved system of governance. These laws affected the implementation of devolution. Budget Policy Statement according to the National Treasury ( ) is to accelerate economic growth by sustaining macroeconomic stability; focusing on economic policies and structural reforms; and deepening investment in critical economic infrastructure. The BPS is published under Section 25 of the Public Finance Management Act. However, the national budget policy statement is framed in a manner they encroach county functions mandates. Judiciary has the important role of giving effect to the constitutional provisions on devolution; however, the independence of the judiciary is threatened by political quarters affecting its function in the implementation of devolution. Commissions and independent offices whose collective responsibility to facilitate the achievement of devolution is impaired due to underfunding. Poor intergovernmental consultations are affecting devolution in the sense that plans to undertake Nairobi City County functions without due process and intergovernmental agreements are infringing on the Intergovernmental Relations Act, 2012. Above these challenges, the national government has enacted laws to reduce the power of independent institutions, direct intimidation, and incapacitation through budgetary cuts.

Non-state and subnational actors active in sustainability transitions have increased considerably in recent years. However, the term “non-state actors” is not consensual in academia and in policy cycles because of the diversity of their nature, actions, processes, objectives and outcomes. We defend the opinion that it is actions, rather than actors, that we need to focus on to speed up transitions. We emphasize how talking about non-state actions refocuses the debate on the quality of actions rather than on their origin. Our proposition is to focus on non-state actions according to two trajectory dimensions. First, the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change special report on 1,5°C may serve as a guide. Now, there is no doubt that every action launched by non-state actors must target a net zero emission business plan in the coming months in order to respect the Paris Agreement trajectory. Secondly, actions need to be considered in the light of their potential transformative...

This article reports the findings of an action research stydy aiming at fostering interest, participation, and self-expression in an EFL classroom at a public school in Usme, in the southeast of Bogotá. The study focuses on students' responses to the use of songs with social content within a framework of literacy as a situated social practice and taking a critical view of pedagogy. A group of 11th graders participated in the study. Data was collected through questionnaires, field notes, interviews, and artifacts of students' work. Results indicate that using songs as a socially-situated literacy practice in the EFL class can encourage students to participate in a more active and critical way. It can also trigger meaningful connections to real life issues allowing students to read the world and build bonds with their peers, using music as an opportunity to share ideas, thoughts, and feelings in a comfortable, respectful, and friendly environment.

Este artículo reporta los hallazgos de un proyecto de investigación acción cuyo objetivo general era promover el interés, la participación y la expresión en la clase de inglés en un colegio público de Usme, al suroriente de Bogotá. El estudio se enfoca particularmente en el análisis de las respuestas de los estudiantes al uso de canciones con contenido social en inglés, entendida como práctica social situada y bajo la perspectiva de la pedagogía crítica. Un grupo de estudiantes de once grado participó en el estudio. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de cuestionarios, notas de campo, entrevistas y artefactos producidos por los estudiantes. Los resultados indican que el uso de canciones como una práctica social situada en la clase de inglés puede motivar a los estudiantes a participar de manera más activa y crítica. También puede generar conexiones significativas con aspectos de la vida real permitiendo hacer lecturas del mundo y construir lazos con compañeros de clase mediante e...

This article reports the findings of an action research stydy aiming at fostering interest, participation, and self-expression in an EFL classroom at a public school in Usme, in the southeast of Bogotá. The study focuses on students' responses to the use of songs with social content within a framework of literacy as a situated social practice and taking a critical view of pedagogy. A group of 11th graders participated in the study. Data was collected through questionnaires, field notes, interviews, and artifacts of students' work. Results indicate that using songs as a socially-situated literacy practice in the EFL class can encourage students to participate in a more active and critical way. It can also trigger meaningful connections to real life issues allowing students to read the world and build bonds with their peers, using music as an opportunity to share ideas, thoughts, and feelings in a comfortable, respectful, and friendly environment.

After his demise (in 2010), the philosophical works of Mihai Drăgănescu began to enter the attention of specialists from various backgrounds. His approach's incredible complexity and originality have been viewed and approached from various specific points of view until now. The aim of this paper is to present only a few essential features of the Drăgănescu philosophical approach as a whole, answering the following questions: (a) Is the model he recommended metaphysical, theological, or both? (b) How does the model highlight a certain Logos that becomes primordial in relation to the Being? (c) Why, quite unexpectedly, is the information considered a phenomenon? (d) How does the model he recommends solve some of the problems issued by Husserl and his phenomenology? In a forthcoming paper, we will try to show how Drăgănescu's Ontological-informational model allows a ChaOrdic application („Cha” from Chaos and „Ord” from Order) that characterizes the Reality of today when a natur...

В статье представлены идеи П.Я. Гальперина о природе морального действия и основных закономерностях развития внутренней ответственности в детском и подростковом возрасте. Выделены различительные признаки объективной и субъективной, а также внутренней и внешней ответственности. Обосновано, что внутренняя ответственность выражает отношение личности к обществу и социальным группам и формируется только при условии включенности в определенные отношения и реализации общественно-полезной, то есть значимой для других людей, деятельности. Проведено сравнение психологической роли сотрудничества при формировании ответственности в теории Ж. Пиаже и П.Я. Гальперина. Обсуждаются результаты исследования формирования внутренней ответственности на материале дежурства в школе младших школьников и подростков, выполненного Т.В. Морозкиной под руководством П.Я. Гальперина. Показана решающая роль ценностной ориентировки и мотивации в задачах «аффективного типа» и в моральном действии. С учетом того, что в философии ответственность рассматривается как осознанная необходимость, предполагающая свободный моральный выбор, введены три критерия моральной ответственности: причинно-следственная связь между действием субъекта и его результатом, способность прогнозировать возможные последствия своих действий, возможность свободного выбора. Психологическое содержание ответственности понимается как выполнение человеком принятых на себя обязательств и их последствий, регламентируемых определенной системой норм и правил на основе морального выбора и саморегуляции. Введено разделение побуждения к действию и мотива как принятого морального основания для поведения. В этом ключе ответственное поведение рассматривается как волевое поведение. Генезис волевого поведения связан с социальными отношениями и моральными ценностями и вырастает из сотрудничества. Обсуждаются возможности ориентировки в процессе морального выбора как необходимого условия реализации внутренней ответственности личности. Ключевые слова: объективная и субъективная ответственность, ретрибутивная справедливость, ориентировочная деятельность, моральный выбор, воля. T he paper presents the ideas of P.Ya. Galperin on the nature of moral behaviour and the basic patterns of internal responsibility in childhood and adolescence. Distinctive features of objective and subjective responsibility, internal and external responsibility are highlighted. It is argued that internal responsibility expresses the person's attitude to society and social groups and might be developed only if involved in certain relations and implemented in socially useful activities, i.e. if it is significant for other people. The psychological roles of cooperation for of responsibility are compared in J. Piaget's works and P.Ya. Galperin's scientific theory. The research results of internal responsibility in primary school students and adolescents conducted by P.Ya. Galperin and T.V. Morozkina are discussed. The decisive role of value orientation and motivation in solving «affective type» problems and in moral behaviour is shown. According philosophy issues, responsibility is considered as a perceived necessity, which assumes a free moral choice. Three criteria of moral responsibility are introduced: the causal relationship between the subject's behaviour and its consequence, subject's ability to predict the possible consequences of his/her behaviour, the possibility of free choice. The psychological content of responsibility is the subject's commitment and further response regulated by a certain system of norms and regulations on the basis of moral choice and self-regulation. The distinction between the action device and motive as the accepted moral basis for behaviour has been introduced. Accordingly, responsible behaviour is considered as willful behaviour. The genesis of strong-will behaviour is associated with social relations and moral values and is developed in the course of cooperation. Conditions of orientation in moral choice as a prerequisite for actualizing the individual's internal responsibility are discussed.