Disruption Management

Investment in the NextGen National Airspace System (NAS) is intended to increase the effective capacity of the airspace and airports. Previous research, in several domains, has identified cases where large infrastructure investments were under-utilized due to migration and/or adaptation of users (e.g. airlines). This paper examines the impact of airline “gaming” on the use of trans-continental routes. Two airlines with equal cost structures are given options for two trans-continental routes each with different distances. In the base case, the airlines conform to the rules of an air traffic controller and are assigned to the routes to balance traffic. In other cases, airlines select a preferred route based on information about the length of the route, and the length of the departure queue. The airlines act as independent agents, and each scenario is repeated several times to account for the stochastic elements in the simulation. The results indicate a tradeoff between utilization of ...

This paper reviews the problem of designing a multi-objective supply chain called Capacitated Fixed Cost Facility Location Problem with Transportation Choices (CFCLP-TC). The problem is formulated as a bi-objective optimization model with objective functions based on cost and time. The problem has two-echelons with plants that supply to distribution centers and these distribute the product to customers. In this problem there are various transportation channels between different nodes. This work contributes to extend the existing literature by incorporating the flow of products from plants to customers. We solve this bi-objective problem through the epsilonconstraint approach. We compare the sets of efficient solutions and computational time required. The models are implemented in GAMS and solved with CPLEX for a set of instances to evaluate the effectiveness of this option.

À l’heure où les crises financières, écologiques et géopolitiques s’enchaînent, révélant les failles d’un système économique fondé sur la prédation systémique, cet essai propose une analyse critique et immersive des mécanismes profonds qui lient macroéconomie et microéconomie.

Plutôt que de se contenter d’une approche fragmentée, cette réflexion explore les boucles de rétroaction entre acteurs individuels, entreprises, États et marchés globaux, montrant comment ces dynamiques engendrent un cycle auto-entretenu de concentration du capital, de précarisation sociale et de financiarisation des biens communs.

S’appuyant sur les travaux de Karl Polanyi, W. Brian Arthur et Giovanni Arrighi, l’essai démontre que la résilience ne peut émerger que d’une refonte épistémologique : subordonner la finance à la société, démocratiser la monnaie, et repenser les indicateurs de richesse.

Mais au-delà des outils techniques, c’est une question fondamentale qui se pose : comment éviter que les solutions proposées ne soient à leur tour capturées par les logiques qu’elles prétendent combattre ?

L’originalité de ce travail réside dans son approche systémique et processuelle, qui dépasse la simple accumulation de cas pour analyser les mécanismes profonds de la prédation.

Y sont explorés :
* Les dynamiques de la financiarisation et leur rôle dans la capture de valeur,
* Les enjeux géopolitiques de la monnaie et du commerce,
* Les leviers juridiques pour réformer le droit des sociétés et limiter la capture des institutions,
* Les points de bascule où le système pourrait s’effondrer – ou, au contraire, où une transition vers un modèle post-prédateur devient possible.

Note : Cet essai s’inscrit dans une série de travaux sur les mécanismes de domination économique et les leviers de transformation systémique.

Fenomena yang dikenal sebagai Hubungan Tanpa Status (Statusless Relationships), atau HTS, telah tertanam dalam interaksi sosial generasi muda saat ini. Hubungan ini ditandai dengan kedekatan emosional dan tingkat interaksi yang menyerupai hubungan romantis, tetapi tanpa label atau komitmen yang eksplisit. Ketidakpastian tentang status ini dapat dilihat sebagai

There is no country left that has not been reached by the Crown virus (COVID-19), which has spread around the world. It has affected all areas of human life. This article discusses the impact of the virus on the economy, politics and social life.

Agile strategic management has shifted from an operational preference to a survival imperative as organizations confront AI-accelerated disruption, data-driven competitive warfare, and compressed strategic decision cycles. Market volatility, digital-demand spikes, supply-chain oscillations, real-time consumer sentiment drift, AI-augmented competitors, and talent-skill entropy have replaced traditional industry stability assumptions. This study introduces an agile strategy framework that integrates AI decision support, predictive analytics, adaptive KPI design, competitive data intelligence, and automation-ready execution loops. Using a mixed quantitative design descriptive analytics, predictive modeling, decision-latency profiling, and strategic agility scoring the framework evaluates how AI reshapes managerial cognition, resource allocation, campaign orchestration, and competitive advantage sustainability. Results show that static strategic engines overestimate engagement proxies, misinterpret activity bursts, and delay risk surfacing by 3-6 weeks, while AI-enhanced strategic embeddings improve decision fidelity by 180-260% and reduce false strategic flags by 40-55%. Agile AI clusters identified execution fatigue and competitive contraction 2-3 weeks earlier than enterprise planning stacks. The study concludes that agile strategy must evolve from human-paced intuition to AI-paced evidence routing, where strategic resilience is measured by entropy-adjusted agility, not raw engagement. The contribution lies in reframing strategy as a dynamic competitive graph rather than a fixed plan, enabling earlier intervention, stronger competitive attribution, and audit-grade strategic intelligence for decision-makers.

Agile Strategic Management in the Age of Disruption: Leveraging AI and Data Analytics for Competitive Advantage

In an era defined by AI-accelerated disruption, compressed decision cycles, and data-driven competitive warfare, agile strategic management has evolved from an operational choice into a strategic survival imperative. Traditional assumptions of market stability are being replaced by continuous volatility driven by real-time consumer sentiment shifts, supply-chain oscillations, AI-augmented competitors, and rapid talent-skill entropy.

This study proposes an AI-enabled agile strategy framework that redefines how organizations sense, decide, and act under persistent uncertainty.

Framework Overview:  The research integrates multiple strategic intelligence layers, including:
- AI-powered decision support systems
- Predictive and descriptive analytics
- Adaptive KPI architectures
- Competitive data intelligence
- Automation-ready execution feedback loops

Using a mixed quantitative design combining decision-latency profiling, predictive modeling, strategic agility scoring, and analytics benchmarking the framework evaluates how AI reshapes:
- Managerial cognition and sensemaking
- Resource allocation dynamics
- Campaign orchestration and timing
- Sustainability of competitive advantage

Key Findings :
-  Static strategic planning systems overestimate engagement signals and delay risk detection by 3–6 weeks
-  AI-enhanced strategic embeddings improve decision fidelity by 180–260%
-  False strategic signals are reduced by 40–55% through AI-driven validation
-  Agile AI clusters detect execution fatigue and competitive contraction 2–3 weeks earlier than conventional enterprise planning stacks

These results demonstrate that strategy failure increasingly stems from latency, not intent.

Strategic Insight:
The study reframes strategy as a dynamic competitive graph rather than a static plan, where:
- Strategic resilience is measured by entropy-adjusted agility, not raw engagement
- Competitive advantage depends on evidence routing speed, not retrospective analysis
- Human intuition is augmented—rather than replaced—by AI-paced strategic intelligence

Contributions & Implications:
- Introduces audit-grade, AI-supported strategic intelligence for decision-makers
- Provides early-warning mechanisms for market contraction and execution fatigue
- Bridges strategic management theory with applied AI analytics
- Offers actionable guidance for leaders navigating continuous disruption

This work contributes to the evolving discourse on AI-native strategy, where agility, resilience, and competitiveness are inseparable from data intelligence.

Keywords : Agile Strategy, AI Managerial Decision-Making, Competitive Analytics, Disruption Management, Adaptive KPIs, Decision Latency, Strategic Resilience, AI-Driven Strategy.

#AgileStrategy #AIStrategy #StrategicManagement #CompetitiveAnalytics #DataDrivenDecisionMaking #DisruptionManagement #AIinBusiness #StrategicResilience #AdaptiveKPIs #DecisionLatency #DigitalStrategy #BusinessAnalytics #ManagementResearch #AILeadership #StrategicAgility #EnterpriseAI #CompetitiveIntelligence #FutureOfStrategy

Penelitian ini membahas penerapan sistem umpan balik kinerja dalam kaitannya dengan retensi karyawan pada perusahaan industri manufaktur di kawasan Cikarang. Tingginya tingkat turnover karyawan, khususnya pada generasi usia kerja muda, menjadi latar belakang utama dilakukannya kajian ini. Tujuan penulisan adalah untuk menganalisis bagaimana sistem umpan balik kinerja dan inisiatif keseimbangan kerja-hidup berkontribusi terhadap upaya mempertahankan karyawan. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi kasus dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif melalui analisis satu jurnal ilmiah utama sebagai studi kasus, dengan dukungan jurnal ilmiah lain sebagai landasan teoritis. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa sistem umpan balik kinerja yang terstruktur dan berkelanjutan mampu meningkatkan kepuasan serta komitmen karyawan. Selain itu, dukungan keseimbangan kerja-hidup turut memperkuat loyalitas karyawan terhadap organisasi. Kesimpulan dari studi ini menegaskan bahwa integrasi sistem umpan balik kinerja dan kebijakan keseimbangan kerja-hidup merupakan strategi penting dalam manajemen sumber daya manusia untuk meningkatkan retensi karyawan di sektor manufaktur.

Der Artikel formuliert Kritik am vorherrschenden, willkürlich erscheinenden Skill-Verständnis universalistischer Art und unterbreitet einen verhaltensökonomisch angelegten Vorschlag einer Weiterentwicklung. Future Skills werden aktuell betrachtet als mentale Kompetenztools mit kurzer zeitlicher Reichweite (ca. fünf Jahre), die Organisationen helfen sollen, Ungewissheitsmanagement zu verankern. Sie reagieren auf VUCA-Bedingungen und definieren künftige Fähigkeiten kontextfrei vor. Der Alternativvorschlag lautet, unbekannte Herausforderungen grundsätzlich als einzigartige neue Kontexte zu verstehen, und Future Skills als professionelle Wahrnehmungsfähigkeit solcher fremdartigen Situationen. Damit wechselt der Lernfokus von kontextfreiem Re-F. Müller-Friemauth (B) FOM Hochschule,

Our introductory essay to the Journal of Macromarketing special issue on futurology advances macromarketing as the discipline best positioned to facilitate humanity's preferred future. Framed by foundational assumptions about artificial intelligence, transhumanism, post-scarcity economies, and socioethical evolution, macromarketing must shift from predicting to inventing that future. The pertinent research-amenable problems are best resolved with future-oriented foresight tools such as scenario planning, causal layered analysis, backcasting, and immersive speculative design. Critical engagement with borrowed theories, rigorous scrutiny of underlying assumptions, contextual precision over broad generalizability, and prioritizing sustained human flourishing are vital to advancing an equitable, sustainable, inclusive, and meaningful future for all. Hence, we position macromarketing as a normative, interdisciplinary social science that can anticipate, shape, and ethically guide transformative technological and societal trajectories.

"Les villes sont des rêves de pierre", écrivait Umberto Saba. Des rêves qui, depuis les premiers ziggourats de Mésopotamie jusqu’aux gratte-ciel de verre de Dubaï, n’ont jamais cessé de nous parler de nos espoirs les plus fous et de nos échecs les plus cuisants.

Ce travail propose une archéologie des consciences urbaines, explorant comment les cités — de Ur à New York, en passant par Jérusalem, Rome, Teotihuacán, Timbuktu ou Los Angeles — ont fonctionné comme des laboratoires vivants où l’humanité a construit, contesté et réinventé ses rapports au sacré, au pouvoir, à la mémoire et à la modernité.

Une focus sur les "consciences urbaines" :

Comment les villes élèvent — ou limitent — la compréhension que les sociétés ont d’elles-mêmes et du monde, à travers leurs symboles, leurs récits et leurs crises.

Apports majeurs

A - Registre Théorique :
Une typologie des consciences urbaines (religieuse, politique, écologique, moderne) et leur évolution à travers les âges.

B - Registre Méthodologique :
L’articulation entre archéologie des symboles, analyse des récits et étude des pratiques urbaines contemporaines.

C - Registre Actuel :
Une réflexion sur les défis des métropoles du XXIe siècle (diversité, justice sociale, durabilité), illustrée par des études de cas contemporaines :
* New York 2025 : L’élection de Zohran Mamdani comme symbole d’une réinvention du contrat social urbain.
* Dubaï et Doha : Les limites de l’hypermodernité dans les cités du Golfe.
* Los Angeles : Les fractures sociales et culturelles d’une métropole postmoderne.

Public visé
Ce travail s’adresse aux chercheurs en :
* Histoire urbaine et anthropologie culturelle,
* Philosophie politique et études postcoloniales,
* Urbanisme et planification territoriale,
ainsi qu’aux acteurs des politiques urbaines et aux citoyens engagés dans les débats sur l’avenir des villes.

Can ancient wisdom solve modern leadership crises? As organizations face unprecedented disruption, leaders are finding traditional management obsolete. This paper proposes that Moses, among the most studied biblical leaders in history, offers a revolutionary blueprint for navigating today's chaos. Drawing from Torah analysis and leadership research, this study demonstrates that Moses was not just a servant leader; he pioneered purpose-driven leadership millennia ago. His profound humility, radical power-sharing, and fierce identification with his people created a model that resonates powerfully with today's demands for ethical governance and meaningful work. However, Moses's story also warns that even great leaders fail when they stop adapting. His inability to enter the Promised Land offers critical lessons for executives facing accelerating change. The paper analyzes his seemingly minor error of striking the rock instead of speaking to it, revealing timeless truths about anticipating crises rather than reacting, accepting accountability, and recognizing when it's time to pass the torch.

When it comes to regular or crisis management, every company has clear stability criteria, specifi c objectives and activities that have to be met, and is primarily focused on achieving growth and continuous organizational development. Impacts of internal and external environment are variables that are diffi cult to recognize and therefore it is necessary to further analyze the functions of companies' development, especially in terms of crisis management. Crisis management is a form of enterprise management in the specifi c market conditions. In this case we have survival of enterprises in the economic crisis on the global market. Organogram of the company, weather it is large, medium or small, can be a barrier in achieving the growth and development if the company, in its life cycle, does not have defi ned strategic framework or an idea of what it wants to be. Th e market is overfl owing with similar companies and in every industry there are companies that have a certain competitive advantage that can determine fi nal position and presence of the company on the market. Crisis management is management that has to absorb, in the short period of time, diffi culties and threats inside and outside the company, where strategic concepts can lead to the failure or development of the companies. Th is paper explores Domagoj Karačić • Natko Klanac: INNOVATIVE STRATEGIES AND COMPANY DEVELOPMENT IN CONDITIONS OF CRISIS MANAGEMENT some innovative strategies, such are disruptive innovations and organizational ambidexterity, with questioning of validity of those strategies in relation to the company development and eff ects on the crisis management.

mechanisms, including costs criteria and negotiation protocols and (iv) examples of the problem solving algorithms used. In Section 5 we present the experimental setup and, in Section 6, we evaluate our approach, presenting and discussing the results. Finally, in Section 7, we conclude and give some insights on the future work. The goal of this section is threefold. In Section 2.1 we present the related work regarding operations recovery. Research in this area has been made, mainly, through Operations Research (OR) techniques. gives an overview of ORbased applications in the air transport industry. In Section 2.2 we describe and classify the current tools and systems in use at some worldwide airlines and in Section 2.3 we present some interesting examples of how agents are used in other applications domains and problems. We divided the bibliography we have analyzed in three main areas: aircraft recovery, crew recovery and integrated recovery. For a more detailed explanation of those papers as well as for older papers related with each of these subjects, please consult . Aircraft Recovery: In the authors propose a "multi-objective genetic algorithm to generate an efficient time-effective multi-fleet aircraft routing algorithm" in response to disruption of flights. It uses a combination of a traditional genetic algorithm with a multi-objective optimization method, attempting to optimize objective functions involving flight connections, flight swaps, total flight delay time and ground turn-around times. According to the authors "(…) the proposed method has demonstrated the ability to solve the dynamic and complex problem of airline disruption management". As in other approaches, the authors do use the delay time in the objective functions but nothing is included regarding passengers' quality of services costs. Mei Yang Ph.D. thesis investigates the use of advanced tabu search methodologies to solve the aircraft-grounding problem and the reduced station capacity problem. The objective is to minimize the schedule recovery costs associated with flight schedule modifications and deviations from the original route. Mei introduces cancellation and delay costs in the objective function. For the delay costs, Mei uses a value of $20 if the delay is less than 15 minutes and $20 each minute if the delay is greater or equal to 15 minutes. For flight cancellations it uses a combination of lost revenue, loss of passenger goodwill and other negative effects, specific and predefined for each flight. The main difference regarding our approach is that we allow the definition of profiles for passengers of each flight (Mei and others, do not consider passengers' profiles). Each one with an associated cost formula, that reflects the delay costs from the passenger point of view. In the authors formulate the problem as a Set Partitioning master problem and a route generating procedure. The goal is to minimize the cost of cancellation and retiming, and it is the responsibility of the controllers to define the parameters accordingly. It is included in the paper a testing process using SimAir , simulating 500 days of operations for three fleets ranging in size from 32 to 96 aircraft servicing 139-407 flights. Although the authors do try to minimize flight delays, nothing is included regarding the importance of using quality costs. Disruption Management in Airline Operations Control -An Intelligent Agent-Based Approach 109 Crew Recovery: In the flight crew recovery problem for an airline with a hub-and-spoke network structure is addressed. The paper details and sub-divides the recovery problem into four categories: misplacement problems, rest problems, duty problems and unassigned problems. The proposed model is an assignment model with side constraints. Due to the stepwise approach, the proposed solution is sub-optimal. Results are presented for a situation involving a US airline taking into account 18 different problems. This work also omits the use of quality costs for deriving an appropriate solution. Integrated Recovery: In the author presents two models that considers aircraft and crew recovery and through the objective function focuses on passenger recovery. They include delay costs that capture relevant hotel costs and ticket costs if passengers are recovered by other airlines. According to the authors, it is possible to include, although hard to calculate, estimations of delay costs to passengers and potential costs of loosing future ticket sales. To test those models an AOCC simulator was developed, simulating domestic operations of a major US airline. It involves 302 aircrafts divided into 4 fleets, 74 airports and 3 hubs. Furthermore, 83869 passengers on 9925 different passengers' itineraries per day are used. For all scenarios solutions are generated with reductions in passenger delays and disruptions. The difference comparing with our approach is that we propose a generic model to calculate the delay cost to passengers, based on their specific profile and opinion (obtained through frequent surveys). In (Kohl et al., 2004) the author reports on the experiences obtained during the research and development of project DESCARTES (a large scale project supported by EU) on airline disruption management. The current (almost manual) mode of dealing with recovery is presented. They also present the results of the first prototype of a multiple resource decision support system. Passenger delay costs are calculated regarding the delay at the destination and not at departure (we include both in our proposal) and takes into consideration the commercial value of the passenger based on the booked fare class and frequent flyer information. The main difference regarding our proposal is that we use the opinion of the passengers when calculating the importance of the delay. Lettovsky's Ph.D. thesis is the first presentation of a truly integrated approach in the literature, although only parts of it are implemented. The thesis presents a linear mixed-integer mathematical problem that maximizes total profit to the airline while capturing availability of the three most important resources: aircraft, crew and passengers. The formulation has three parts corresponding to each of the resources, that is, crew assignment, aircraft routing and passenger flow. In a decomposition scheme these are three parts of a master problem known as the Schedule Recovery Model. Although the author takes into consideration the passenger, it does so concerning finding the best solution for the disrupted passengers. The difference of our approach is that we use the opinion of the passengers regarding the delay (expressed through a mathematical formula) to reach the best possible solution concerning delaying the flight. We still do not approach (at least at present time) the, also important, issue of finding the best itinerary for disrupted passengers. In previous work we have classified the current tools (or systems that provide those tools

An airline schedule very rarely operates as planned. Problems related with aircrafts, crew members and passengers are common and the actions towards the solution of these problems are usually known as operations recovery or disruption management. The Airline Operations Control Center (AOCC) tries to solve these problems with the minimum impact in the airline schedule, with the minimum cost and, at the same time, satisfying all the required safety rules. Usually, each problem is treated separately and some tools have been proposed to help in the decision making process of the airline coordinators. In this paper we present the implementation of a Distributed Multi-Agent System (MAS) that represents the several roles that exist in an AOCC. This MAS deals with several operational bases and for each type of operation problems it has several specialized software agents that implements heuristic solutions and other solutions based in operations research mathematic models and artificial intelligence algorithms. These specialized agents compete to find the best solution for each problem. We present a real case study taken from an AOCC where a crew recovery problem is solved using the MAS. Computational results using a real airline schedule are presented, including a comparison with a solution for the same problem found by the human operators in the Airline Operations Control Center. We show that, even in simple problems and when comparing with solutions found by human operators in the case of this airline company, it is possible to find valid solutions, in less time and with a smaller cost.

Linear tourist routes in cities are a significant obstacle to spreading social functions such as culture, trade, shopping, and entertainment. To address this issue, the study proposes a novel approach that creates personalized, multi-sensory experience routes to revitalize the interaction between place and tourist. The purpose of the study is to design a route-generation model that draws multi-sensory and personalized experience routes. In addition, the importance of multi-sensory experience associated with the concept of 4E (Entertainment, Education, Esthetic, and Escapist) in tourism is emphasized. The design of the model was carried out with datasets collected from 80 different small and medium-sized workshops in four different themes, each containing 20 points of interest (POI), located in Beyoğlu which is one of the important historical centers of Istanbul. In this way, the route generation model allows tourists to have a multi-sensory experience; it provides personalization according to the content, location, time, and budget preferences of the tourists, and experience routes are drawn. Newly proposed routes for historic city centers aim to provide a more personalized tourism experience by revealing hidden gems based on tourists' senses and 4E preferences.

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis implementasi model Attract-Develop-Retain (ADR) sebagai praktik pengelolaan SDM pada UMKM di Indonesia untuk meningkatkan kinerja dan inovasi. Sebagai tulang punggung perekonomian Indonesia, UMKM sering menghadapi keterbatasan dalam pengelolaan sumber daya manusia (SDM). Minimnya perencanaan, rekrutmen informal, serta kurangnya pelatihan dan retensi karyawan menyebabkan masalah dalam hal kinerja dan inovasi. Penelitian ini mengusulkan model SDM for UKM: Attract-Develop-Retain sebagai pendekatan sederhana dan aplikatif dalam pengelolaan SDM. Attract mencakup strategi perencanaan dan rekrutmen berbasis kebutuhan usaha; Develop menekankan pelatihan praktis, penempatan, serta pengembangan keterampilan; sedangkan Retain berfokus pada motivasi, sistem penghargaan, dan retensi karyawan. Melalui pendekatan kualitatif studi multisitus, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa UMKM mengandalkan strategi penarikan non-finansial berbasis proposisi nilai unik. Fase pengembangan didominasi metode informal seperti bimbingan langsung, sementara retensi bergantung pada lingkungan kerja positif dan peran sentral pemilik. Analisis lintas kasus menunjukkan sinergi holistik antar fase ADR secara signifikan meningkatkan kinerja dan inovasi, namun implementasinya menghadapi tantangan dalam hal konsistensi dan skalabilitas. Model ini dapat menjadi kerangka praktis bagi UMKM untuk mengelola SDM secara efektif tanpa memerlukan sistem HR yang kompleks. Implikasi penelitian menekankan pentingnya dukungan pemerintah dan lembaga pendidikan tinggi untuk memperluas adopsi model ini dalam program pendampingan UMKM di Indonesia.

Classroom Climate (CC) is supposed to affect students’ motivation, emotions, behavior, and learning, but the existing models
are not specific enough to provide a guide for analyzing and improving it. This paper aims to provide and validate a specific
CC model including four components – academic-motivational, discipline, and emotional climate created by teachers’ action
patterns, and co-living climate referred to as social relationships between students; 5,471 Secondary and High School students
from 262 classrooms of 27 Spain and Costa Rica schools participated in the study. Structural equation modeling showed a high
structural validity of the CC model. However, the co-living climate was not an indicator of CC as good as the other hypothesized
components. A multilevel analysis showed that the model is similar at both levels, student and classroom. Furthermore,
path analyses showed that the effects of the CC score attributed to the teacher are higher than if CC components are used as
independent though combined predictors.

Abstract. The Airline Operations Control Centre (AOCC) organization is responsible for monitoring and solving operational problems in day-to-day airline operations. It includes human expert teams specialized in solving problems related with aircrafts, crew members, and passengers, in a process called disruption management or operations recovery. We present a new and innovative negotiation-based approach to solve these problems, replacing traditional AOCC expert teams with intelligent agents in a cooperative multi- ...

Airline and train operations are feasible thanks to the Command and Control systems which involve interactions between human operators, technology, and procedures. In view of the expected growing demand, significant changes in these C2 systems are in development in many countries. Such changes can lead to both positive and negative emergent behaviours. One of the promising approaches to capture this behaviour is agent-based modelling. In order to develop and implement a generic agent-based model for C2 systems, this paper compares and evaluates two C2 systems from the railway and airline domains. The paper conducts a systemic agent-based analysis that explores various dimensions including organizational structure; agents characteristics; operational uncertainties and workflows.

Airline and train operations are feasible thanks to the Command and Control systems which involve interactions between human operators, technology, and procedures. In view of the expected growing demand, significant changes in these C2 systems are in development in many countries. Such changes can lead to both positive and negative emergent behaviours. One of the promising approaches to capture this behaviour is agent-based modelling. In order to develop and implement a generic agent-based model for C2 systems, this paper compares and evaluates two C2 systems from the railway and airline domains. The paper conducts a systemic agent-based analysis that explores various dimensions including organizational structure; agents characteristics; operational uncertainties and workflows.

Disruption Management is critical for the survival and sustainability of a company, especially during a pandemic. Recognizing business challenges would mean that the business could identify business opportunities that may provide a new perspective on income-generating activities for the business. The study's objective is to explore the local businesses' experiences in disruption management amidst this covid-19 pandemic which greatly affected almost all types of business. Ten key informants came from different business types offering products and services in the area. The researchers employed purely qualitative method in accomplishing this research study. The thoughts and shared experiences of the participants on the topic at hand brought tremendous knowledge to the researchers. Though key informants represent different business types, they shared very similar experiences with the challenges mentioned in the literature of the study. The most common challenges the local business encountered were financial difficulty and impeding business transactions. In contrast, the most common opportunities included the shift in daily social activities and changes in consumption patterns. The most typical approaches to managing disruption were altering how the business performs, creating strategic alliances, digitalizing business transactions and distant operations, and employing flexible and sustainable schemes.

Perubahan organisasi yang cepat dalam dekade terakhir, yang dipicu oleh perkembangan teknologi digital, arus globalisasi yang semakin tak terbendung, serta dampak dari krisis global seperti pandemi COVID-19, telah menciptakan sebuah lanskap baru dalam dunia kerja yang disebut sebagai era disrupsi. Disrupsi ini tidak hanya mengubah cara organisasi menjalankan operasionalnya, tetapi juga memengaruhi secara mendasar hubungan antara perusahaan dan sumber daya manusianya. Dalam situasi yang dinamis dan penuh ketidakpastian ini, organisasi tidak hanya dituntut untuk sekadar bertahan, tetapi juga harus mampu beradaptasi secara cepat dan efektif agar tetap kompetitif dan relevan.
Salah satu tantangan utama yang dihadapi oleh manajemen organisasi modern adalah bagaimana membangun lingkungan kerja yang mampu mendukung produktivitas tinggi, semangat kerja yang positif, serta kinerja unggul dari seluruh karyawan. Dalam konteks ini, fleksibilitas kerja yang mencakup kebijakan kerja jarak jauh, pengaturan waktu kerja yang fleksibel, dan otonomi dalam menyelesaikan tugas menjadi salah satu pendekatan strategis yang populer dan dinilai mampu meningkatkan keseimbangan kehidupan kerja dan pribadi. Di sisi lain, sistem kompensasi yang adil dan kompetitif, baik dalam bentuk gaji, bonus, insentif, maupun penghargaan non-material, tetap menjadi elemen penting yang memengaruhi motivasi dan loyalitas karyawan.

One type of accommodation that is widely found in tourist villages is homestay. Homestay is an accommodation that offers the experience of living together with locals in their homes. Homestay is a popular form of accommodation in tourist villages because it provides a different experience from other accommodations, as well as providing opportunities for tourists to interact with locals. Although homestays are in great demand by tourists, there are still some challenges in marketing them in tourist villages. One of the challenges faced by homestay marketers in tourist villages is the lack of knowledge on how to market effective homestays. In addition, homestays in tourist villages are also faced with competition with other accommodations such as hotels, villas, and other inns. The results showed that the homestay marketing strategy has not been effective enough in Tourism Villages in South Sulawesi, because homestay owners / managers and pokdarwis as homestay marketing coordinators i...

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Organizational change strategies and flexible work policies are solutions to the challenges of the disruption era. These three approaches play an important role in encouraging retention and improving employee performance in a sustainable manner. This study refers to three main sources: research on the effect of GHRM on employee retention in manufacturing SMEs, the concept of organizational adaptation to technological disruption, and a study on the effect of work flexibility and compensation on the satisfaction and performance of ShopeeFood partners. The findings show that GHRM strengthens employee loyalty and emotional attachment, adaptation to change increases competitiveness, and flexible work supports satisfaction and performance especially if supported by proper compensation. This article uses a literature synthesis approach to present a holistic view of HRM amidst today's digital transformation and organizational dynamics.

With an annual passenger capacity of more than 4 billion and a rapidly increasing number, air transport is the undisputed leader among other travel options for long-distance traveling. There are unique airline connections between more than 20 thousand cities in the world. Despite this, many passengers fly via connecting as there are no direct flights from many cities to many cities or because direct flights are sometimes not economical or common. Since passengers do not like to wait in transfers, passengers are lost to other flights and airline companies if the airline does not have a suitable flight at the appropriate time for the transfer. Arrival and departure synchronization is vital at major hub airports and major airlines. In this study, the synchronization of arrival and departure flights is solved for Istanbul airport, an important hub airport worldwide, using data from a prominent airline company. Three metaheuristic methods, Evolutionary Strategies (ES), Modified Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization (MDPSO), and Random Search (RS) were used, and the results were compared with the original plan (OP). ES and MDPSO were found to be promising solution methods, and they provided substantially increased acquired passengers during connecting flights.

The study set out to find out the impact of e-banking on performance of commercial banks in Uganda, with a case study of DFCU bank, Mukono branch. The study was guided by the following objectives: to find out the forms of e-banking used in financial institutions in DFCU, Mukono; to find out the relationship between e-banking and performance of financial institutions in DFCU, Mukono; and, to find out the effect of e-banking on performance of financial institutions in DFCU, Mukono. In their efforts to provide cheap, reliable, flexible, fast and convenient financial services, financial institutions resorted to e-banking which relies on FinTech tools, However, the provision of e-banking products in financial institutions may heighten operational vulnerability due to network failure, initial high investment technological infrastructure, cyber-attacks, risking customer data confidentiality all of which may affect performance of financial institutions. The study adopted a descriptive research design and survey designs, which helped in collecting and analysing qualitative and quantitative data. The study used both structured and unstructured questionnaires, and an open-ended interview guide to collect data. Descriptive statistics (percentages) were used to examine the forms of e-banking, while inferential statistics were used to assess the relationship and the impact of e-banking on performance of financial institutions. The results showed internet banking as the most used form of electronic banking. The study found a significant moderate relationship (r =.761; sig. <.05) between electronic banking and performance of financial institutions. Electronic banking was found to account for 74.5% of the performance of financial institutions, with electronic cards alone predicting about 61.6% for any unit-change in the use of electronic cards. The study concluded that electronic banking has a significant impact on performance of financial institutions. As a recommendation, financial institutions should promote e-banking workshops and training to their customers to make them user-friendly.

This study addresses the challenges encountered by international companies when entering developing countries, using Uganda as a case study. The study's dual objectives are: first, to analyze the distinct characteristics of international companies making entry into Uganda, and second, to delineate how these challenges influence their successful establishment and growth. The findings of this study underscore that international companies entering Uganda encounter multifaceted challenges. Notably, the study reveals that successful entrants demonstrate a proclivity for adaptive strategies that allow them to align with Uganda's unique business environment. Additionally, the study discerns a strong correlation between the characteristics of international companies and their ability to overcome entry barriers. Those with prior experience in similar developing markets exhibit greater resilience, leveraging insights gained from analogous contexts. The implications of this research underscore the need for proactive measures to support international companies seeking entry into developing countries like Uganda. Policymakers should prioritize infrastructure development, streamline regulatory procedures, and establish platforms for knowledge exchange between incoming firms and local entities. Additionally, international companies should focus on building partnerships with local businesses to foster mutual growth and understanding. By addressing these challenges and leveraging the identified success factors, both international companies and host countries can foster a more conducive environment for mutually beneficial engagement.

The paper considers the issue of operational needs of logistics operator connected with the implementation of demand forecasting tool in his activity. The aim of this article is to present research results on the ability to meet the expectations of distribution centre managers at the operational level. To achieve the main goal, three research questions concerning general requirements and possibilities of meeting the requirements set by managers working for a logistics operator were also defined and related to operational needs. Methods: The research analysed the operational requirements of a logistics operator using a survey conducted among managers dealing with the operational work that is performed in the operator's warehouses. Then, the possibility of implementing and operating a forecasting tool based on the ARIMA algorithm in the logistics service of a confectionery manufacturer was analysed, providing the verification of usefulness of such a tool and the level of its adjustment to operational requirements. Results: The forecasting tool is especially useful in the operator's activity in order to support the resource planning process of warehouse operation. However, managers set high requirements regarding the verifiability of the operation of such a tool, which is not completely available in the current situation. The article also shows the future development paths of this tool. The article shows possibilities related to the use of a forecasting tool in activities related to the provision of services in contract logistics. This allows for verification of the needs and capabilities of the logistics operator who would forecast the demand to support the operations it carries out.

This study addresses the challenges encountered by international companies when entering developing countries, using Uganda as a case study. The study's dual objectives are: first, to analyze the distinct characteristics of international companies making entry into Uganda, and second, to delineate how these challenges influence their successful establishment and growth. The findings of this study underscore that international companies entering Uganda encounter multifaceted challenges. Notably, the study reveals that successful entrants demonstrate a proclivity for adaptive strategies that allow them to align with Uganda's unique business environment. Additionally, the study discerns a strong correlation between the characteristics of international companies and their ability to overcome entry barriers. Those with prior experience in similar developing markets exhibit greater resilience, leveraging insights gained from analogous contexts. The implications of this research underscore the need for proactive measures to support international companies seeking entry into developing countries like Uganda. Policymakers should prioritize infrastructure development, streamline regulatory procedures, and establish platforms for knowledge exchange between incoming firms and local entities. Additionally, international companies should focus on building partnerships with local businesses to foster mutual growth and understanding. By addressing these challenges and leveraging the identified success factors, both international companies and host countries can foster a more conducive environment for mutually beneficial engagement.

Boards operate in a fragmenting, more transactional and conflict-ridden world. The pursuit of short-term national interests takes priority over addressing shared concerns. This article considers dilemmas, issues and choices facing contemporary directors and boards. Areas covered include resilience and sustainability realities, following others or maintaining focus, seismic shifts and mega disruptions, global uncertainty, insecurity and rearmament, innovation and looming challenges and revisiting board leadership. Prudent and responsible leadership might sometimes seem uneventful in comparison with dramatic actions that stir things up and grab headlines. Caution, the balancing of contending interests and constraints of values and multiple environmental considerations may feel onerous and limiting, compared with the simplicity of pursuing self-interests, pandering to core supporters and exploiting current advantages and vulnerabilities of others. Relationships and trust that have taken years to build can be quickly lost. Measures that impose unwelcome burdens, costs and disruptions upon others and the environment can lead to alienation, ill-will and long-term distrust. Directors should think through the implications and consequences of proposed actions before imitating others and jumping on bandwagons.

This study examines secondary sources of information on Airbnb’s influence on the future of Vietnam’s tourism industry, especially in the context of post-pandemic recovery. As Vietnam anticipates a significant increase in international tourists, Airbnb’s peer-to-peer accommodation model has become a major disruptor, offering unique experiences and promoting economic growth. This chapter explores the factors driving Airbnb’s rapid expansion in Vietnam, such as the growing demand for local, immersive travel experiences and the platform’s appeal to tech-savvy millennials. It also highlights the geographical distribution and types of Airbnb listings, with major cities such as Ho Chi Minh City, Hanoi. The findings indicate that Airbnb’s rise presents both opportunities and challenges, particularly in its competition with traditional hotels and the tensions it creates with local residents. This review emphasises Airbnb’s potential to enhance Vietnam’s tourism infrastructure while also addressing the regulatory and social issues it brings. These findings have implications for policymakers and tourism stakeholders, who must balance the benefits of the sharing economy with the need for sustainable development. This chapter advocates for future research on the long-term effects of Airbnb on Vietnam’s tourism industry and provides recommendations for managing its growth responsibly.

The research focused on outsourcing strategy and organizational growth in selected fast food firms in FCT Abuja, Nigeria. Some of the problems identified in this study are quality management in the fast food firms and dissatisfaction from customers due to poor service delivery and inability to properly coordinate and manage their business processes. The specific objective of this study is to determine the extent to which business processes affects outlet expansion. Research question and hypothesis was formulated in line with the specific objective. This study adopted correlation survey design. The population of the study was 10 fast food firms registered with the Association of Fast Food Confectioners of Nigeria (AFFCON) and National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC). Complete enumeration was adopted in selecting 78 top and middle level managers out of the 324 employees. Primary source of data was used to collect data. The instrument of data collection was subjected to face validity while the reliability of instrument was measured using Cronbach Alpha. The hypothesis was analyzed using Pearson Moment Correlation. The findings of the study revealed that there is a positive relationship between business processes and outlet expansion. Hence the researcher concludes that outsourcing strategy is a crucial business strategy that must be employed by entrepreneurs in order to improve quality and achieve organizational growth. The outsourcing of business processes will enable firms to improve quality and enhance customers' satisfaction. The researcher recommends that fast food firms should continue to sustain their customers' satisfaction through quality improvement that is achieved by the usage of outsourcing strategy. Also, firms should identify and concentrate on their core competencies and outsource other parts of the business to service providers that are more competent in those areas.

By the growing use of technology, it has become imperative to analyze the impacts of these systems on social risks such as privacy issues, data hacking, and ethical challenges. The purpose of this paper is to study the correlation between information systems and social risks in modern businesses. Properly dealing with these risks can increase business sustainability and stakeholder confidence. The findings touch upon the following issues: the history of development of information systems, different opinions on their contributions to social risks, and illustrations of their effects on society in action. In this review of literature, I stress the necessity for ethical approaches to managing information systems and encourage businesses to change from reacting to proactive measures that would help them balance technological progress and social accountability.

In many large cities, public transit systems have been carrying an everincreasing burden of commuters. In such systems, service disruptions can negatively impact system performance and transit users well after they are resolved. Currently, transit agencies handle these disruption episodes in an ad-hoc fashion, largely due to the lack of adequate analytical tools to aid in analyzing and selecting appropriate response strategies. This paper presents a proof-of-concept case study of the Greater Toronto transit network using Nexus, a new crowd dynamics and transit network simulation platform. Nexus enables detailed simulation of all transit system actors using a novel method of linking together established simulators of surface transit, fully separated rail transit, and stations. Transit users, as agents in the model, move between the different simulators and have their routes determined by an external dynamic routing module. The case study focuses on interfacing Nexus with a commercial pedestrian simulator, MassMotion, to allow for detailed crowd simulation at key stations, and illustrating how the platform could be used for disruption management. To this end, the impact of disruptions of various lengths was analyzed, and a simple response strategy was implemented to provide an example of how the system could be used to test mitigating strategies.

First and foremost, I would like to thank Prof Phillip Hirschsohn for laying the fundamental foundation for myself and my fellow classmates in the discipline of academic research. His insights and valuable instructions have enabled me to confidently embark on the journey of research in social science. I would also like to thank my supervisor Dr Pradeep Brijlal for being the necessary enforcer in ensuring that the research process for this study stayed on track with research deadlines being set and met. I am also profoundly grateful for his time and guidance which has immensely assisted me in fine tuning the research approach and design necessary for this study. I would also like to thank Josias Hove (UWC, School of Business and Finance) for his tireless efforts to ensure that the administrative requirements of this dissertation were met. Lastly, I would like to thank Prof Leon Pretorius (UWC, School of Government) for reading my initial research proposal and draft chapters and providing insightful feedback.

Nowadays, digitalization is the key element of business competition. This paper analyzes the concept of dynamic capabilities in the context of technological and business digitalization. We investigate the dynamic competence needed to create and manage a new Digital business, which is emerging from the technological transformation. Firstly, in this paper, we analyze the data of Gartner Hype Cycles 2008-2017. Thus, we present a comparative analysis of the changes in the Gartner hype cycle. Secondly, our aim is to present Gartner´s three distinct megatrends. We will present a summary of these Gartner evaluations and discuss key tendencies and trends of technological changes. Thirdly, the special focus of this article is the challenges of orchestration of dynamic capabilities in the special conditions of VUCA business disruptive business competition. Further, we define the role of competence gap identification inside a firm. Finally, we are presenting some useful tools to manage dynamic...

This case focuses on learning by applying the four integrating mechanisms of Nonaka's knowledge creation theory: socialization, externalization, combination and internalization. In general, such knowledge creation and internalization (i.e., learning) is critical to database students since they will be expected to apply their specialized database knowledge to a wide variety of business problems, incorporating the various concepts of multiple business disciplines. The case, presented below, depicts a four-phase consulting assignment for each two-student team. In Phase 1, the teams design and implement a reservations database for a small corporate airline, basing their design on a written list of requirements. In Phase 2, each team uses the resulting database to address questions (queries) posed by key managers in the client firm. In Phase 3, each team develops operational and profit improvement recommendations for consideration by the firm's top management. And finally, Phase 4 requires each team to present their recommendations to the client firm's Board of Directors (the rest of the database class), answering any questions and concerns raised by this august board. Taken together, the four phases constitute knowledge creation through user-guided data mining. Since the queries require a variety of functions, subqueries, and cascading views, this case is most suitable as an integrative term project in either an upper-division undergraduate or a graduate level database course.

Businesses and their human resources are facing previously unheard-of difficulties as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic's profound effects on world economies and disruption of established workplace norms. The function of sustainable human resource management (HRM) models in promoting staff adaptability and resilience in times of crisis is examined in this essay. The examination emphasises how the resource-based perspective (RBV), sustainable HRM model, and Harvard HRM model promote long-term stability, inclusivity, and employee well-being. The essay highlights the importance of human resources to the success of an organisation and the importance of sustainable HR practices in managing disruptions and cultivating an organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB) culture. By using these models, businesses can create flexible and robust HR systems that benefit stakeholders and workers alike, reducing the likelihood of future upheavals. The results emphasise how human resources must change by adopting sustainable practices that provide them a competitive edge and support larger company objectives.