Drug User Organising

Ovoj prira~nik (publikacija) e ovozmo`en so poddr{ka od Britanskata ambasada. Navedenite mislewa vo ovaa publikacija se mislewa na avtorite i nezadol`itelno gi reflektiraat mislewata na Britanskata ambasada. Ime na op{tina Naselenie Povr{ina km 2

Aboriginal women are also over-represented among survival sex trade workers in the DTES, an indication of the highly gendered and systemic poverty, racism, and marginalization which Aboriginal women encounter across Canada . Seventy percent of sex trade workers in the DTES are Aboriginal women and mothers of at least one child .

Eje Temático del Trabajo: 10. Ética, Paz y Desarrollo Sostenible en las IES Tipo de Trabajo: Proyecto de investigación Uno de los desafíos que propone el paradigma de la responsabilidad social es el bienestar de la comunidad a través de la construcción de estilos de vida y hábitos saludables a los diversos grupos afectados por sus acciones para lo cual una de sus políticas es el uso racional de medicamentos. Esta política promueve el aprovechamiento de recursos que conllevan perjuicios de carácter sanitario y económico tanto al sujeto que los consume como a la comunidad de pertenencia, ya sea por falta de un resultado positivo a su afección o por incidencia de reacciones adversas. El propósito del trabajo consiste en describir el origen de la prescripción de medicamentos desde las ventas efectuadas en una obra social propia de una universidad de la provincia de Buenos Aires (República Argentina) durante el año 2015 y determinar así la influencia sobre determinados grupos etarios de los adquirentes. Se aborda una metodología cuantitativa que revela un consumo generalizado de determinados fármacos sin prescripción médica y una leve automedicación en la población más joven. Este diagnóstico corresponde al análisis preliminar del consumo indirecto de medicamentos que se lleva a cabo a fin de elaborar prácticas que promuevan su uso racional en el ámbito universitario.

This work is supported by Bridging the Gaps -health and rights for key populations. This unique programme addresses the common challenges faced by sex workers, people who use drugs and lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people in terms of human rights violations and accessing much needed HIV and health services. Go to www.hivgaps.org for more information. INPUD is very grateful for financial support from Bridging the Gaps, the Robert Carr Fund and the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria

El artículo reporta los resultados de una investigación concluida que indaga el hábito de la automedicación en jóvenes universitarios de México. La indagación partió del supuesto de que los jóvenes universitarios que practican la automedicación refuerzan dichos hábitos a través de las mediaciones que sostienen con sus pares a través de las redes sociodigitales. Se trató de un estudio de tipo exploratorio con enfoque cualitativo que emplea la etnografía como método particular y se sirve de entrevistas a profundidad y de entrevistas semiestructuradas como técnicas de recopilación de la información y análisis. En la investigación se identificaron coincidencias en las prácticas de la automedicación y las mediaciones tecnológicas en jóvenes estudiantes de México con las que refieren otros trabajos sobre jóvenes de América Latina. La automedicación en los jóvenes se encuentra en crecimiento, la accesibilidad a los fármacos es muy sencilla principalmente en los países en vías de desarrollo y las plataformas sociodigitales aportan nuevos canales para la adquisición de medicamentos de diferente índole. La automedicación en la población

Organic ion exchangers (IEX) play a major and increasing role in the reactor coolant and other water purification processes. During their operation time they receive significant amounts of radioactivity, making their disposal, together with their organic nature, as medium active waste challenging. Processes applied so far do not eliminate the organic matter, which is unwanted in disposal facilities, or, if high temperatures are applied, raise problems with volatile radionuclides. NUKEM Technologies offers their well introduces process for the destruction of spent solvent (TBP), the pebble bed pyrolysis, now for the treatment of spent IEX (and other problematic waste), with the following benefits: the pyrolysis product is free of organic matter, and the operation temperature with approx. 500 deg. C keeps Cs radionuclides completely in the solid residue. (authors)

La automedicación es conocida en la actualidad como la situación por la que los pacientes ingieren medicamentos sin prescripción o participación de un médico de forma voluntaria. Esta trae consigo aspectos negativos para su salud, ya que puede conllevar a daños orgánicos o al surgimiento de enfermedades subyacentes como las de origen hepático.  El objetivo de este trabajo es “analizar abordaje actual de la automedicación y enfermedades subyacentes”. Cuya metodología es de revisión sistemática documental científico en base de información de artículos que fueron seleccionados siendo un total de 13 artículos científicos, dentro de los cuales se obtienen los resultados de la investigación. Se menciona que la automedicación es más frecuente en enfermedades como la gripe, dolor, y fiebre. Los medicamentos más consumidos que involucran a estas enfermedades son la Paracetamol, el Diclofenaco, Ibuprofeno, Omeprazol, Vitaminas, Hiero, Loratadina, Amoxicilina, Azitromicina, etc. Dentro de las ...

Researchers seek consistency, reliability, and control. Whereas the stereotype of drug users is that of inconsistent, unreliable, and out of control. Based on drug user treatment and medical models, research programs that involve drug users are often designed to control and dictate the behaviors of drug users. This system leads to interactions that perpetuate stereotypes and narrowly prescribed social roles. Moreover, such programs often focus on and highlight individuals who do not conform to expectations and the goals of the organization rather than those who may meet and exceed program goals.

The harm reduction movement formed during a period in which social movements of the working class and the excluded were weak, neo-liberalism ideologically triumphant, and potential opposition movements were viewed as offering ''tinkering'' with the system rather than a total social alternative. This climate shaped and limited the perspectives, strategies, and tactics of harm reductionists almost everywhere. In many countries, this period was also marked by a ''political economy of scapegoating'' that often targeted drug users as the cause of social woes. This scapegoating took the form of ''divide and rule'' political initiatives by business and political leaderships to prevent social unrest in a long period of worldwide economic trends toward lowered profit rates and toward increasing income inequality. However, times have changed. Mass strikes and other labor struggles, opposition to the World Trade Organisation and other agencies of neo-liberalism, community-based protests against belt-tightening, and other forms of social unrest have been increasing in many countries. This opens up the possibility of new allies for the harm reduction movement, but also poses difficult problems for which we need to develop answers. On-the-ground experience in alliance formation needs to be combined with careful discussion of and research about what approaches work to convince other movements to work for and with harm reduction, and which approaches do not. Class differences within the harm reduction movement are likely to become more salient in terms of (a) creating internal tensions, (b) increasingly, opening up new ways in which working class harm reductionists can organize within their own communities and workplaces, and (c) producing different strategic orientations that will need to be discussed and debated. As a movement, we will need to find ways to accommodate and discuss differing perspectives, needs, and assessments of opportunities and threats without paralyzing harm reduction activities.

Background: Global cases of overdose-related deaths attributed to synthetic opioids are reaching epidemic proportion in many jurisdictions. While the main focus of health agencies and the different levels of government has been to combat the cases linked to injection drug use, the deaths attributed to smoking illegal drugs have not gained the same attention. Moreover, little attention has been given to the role of people with past or current experiences of illegal drug use and how their social networks can mitigate the risk of a highly stigmatized behavior such as smoking illegal drugs. Methods: The study concerns the first social network research conducted via a community-based participatory action methodology in two distinct urban (Vancouver) and rural (Abbotsford) centers in British Columbia, Canada. The study will identify the influence of social networks on people who smoke illegal drugs (PWSID) and their adherence to interventions aimed at reducing harm. Through community consultations, members of the Vancouver Area Network of Drug Users and the British Columbia/Yukon Association of Drug War Survivors not only assisted with the design of this research project but also assisted with the data collection, management, protection and entry of demographic, and network information. Discussion: Many traditional qualitative and quantitative methods have not effectively engaged people who use drugs as researchers or collaborators due to stigma related to illegal drug use. The aim of this study is to recognize that everyone within the network of PWSID is a few steps away from harm. Therefore, we aim to reduce the harm associated with smoking of illegal drugs, especially for PWSID that are at the highest risk. At the same time, we hope that the social network research via a participatory community-based approach will mobilize PWSID in the process and offer a different method of knowledge construction from the traditional positivist approaches.

This paper sets out to explore the civil society organisations that engage in drug policy advocacy in Europe. Information was gathered through an Internet search carried out in English, French and Spanish, supplemented by data provided by national agencies in the 28 EU Member States, Norway and Turkey. Only organisations that had an Internet presence were included in the analysis. Of the 218 drug policy advocacy organisations identified, 71 % were found by the English language internet search, and 48 % were located in countries where the search languages were the main language spoken. About 70 % of the organisations were active at national level, with the rest split almost equally between local or regional level and European or international level. The primary objectives of the organisations were predominantly in the area of practice development, with 26 % advocating use reduction and 39 % harm reduction approaches. Primary objectives in the field of legislative changes were pursued by the remainder, with 23 % in favour of control reduction and 12 % calling for control reinforcement. Contents: Summary (p. 2) I Introduction (p. 3) I Advocacy (p. 4) I Identifying and categorising advocacy organisations (p. 5) I Overview of advocacy organisations in Europe (p. 7) I Exploring the forms of advocacy organisations in Europe (p. 11) I Advocacy organisations operating at the European or international level (p. 13) I Conclusions (p. 15) I Annex (p. 17) I References (p. 23) Keywords public policy advocacy drug policy legislative change practice development drug control policy 1/24 Recommended citation: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (2013), Drug policy advocacy organisations in Europe, EMCDDA Papers, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.

People with multiple sclerosis are faced with numerous challenges which in turn may affect the things they want to do or have a need to do. Very often, constraints caused by the disease reduce their ability to cope with and meet their responsibilities at home, at work and within a broader community transforming simple daily activities into daily frustrations.The main goal of the research process was to present the life of persons with multiple sclerosis in the Republic of Macedonia, the problems they face every day, and the way they exceed them. We used the methods of structural, descriptive and functional analysis, as well as the method of generalization. We applied data (document) analysis, scaling and inquiry, and as a basic instrument we used a questionnaire composed of a combination of several scaling and index assessments. There was a convenient sample of the research composed of 32 persons with multiple sclerosis over the age of 18, and the results were obtained by a statisti...

Вака првично беше именуван крикот на Едвард Мунк, колоквијално познат како "The Scream", како една агонизирана претстава на вознемирена личност која се соочува со неискажаното. Аналогно на ова, можев да ги замислам сите тие ликови кои првично беа соочени со стравот и зачуденоста при првични средби со "застрашувачките" парадигми како web 3, AI, VR, AR итн.

Background: People who used drugs are stigmatized in Slovenia. Discrimination may also adversely affect the health of those who use illicit drugs, through exposure of cronic stress, physical, psychological, social and spiritual harm and barrier to accessing care. The objective of this study was to provide information from drug user point of view why they don't seek help. Methods: In the period time from January to September 2007 we collected data randomly from the questionnaire in a crosssectional survey, which is part of a wider international project Correlation. It was an open interwiev. We interviewed 53 respect of their status as problematic heroin users in Ljubljana, Celje and Ig. For sampling we applied a non-probability approach, including the elements of the »snowball« method. We used statistical program SPSS for descriptive statistic (percents) to showed sociodemographic caracteristics of paticipants and reasons why drug users not seek help they need and we prooved statisticaly links between treatment history of drug users and stigma discrimination indicator with Student T test. Results: We showed socio-demographic characteristic of participants. Discrimination is among the highest rated values of reasons for not seeking help (80%). Those who have already received some medical support such as methadone treatment, psychotherapy, detoxification, feel more and the most discriminated against in 72%, 61% and 73%, but among the listed variables we found methadone treatment statistically significant conection (p=0.029). Those who have already received social benefits and had low and high threshold experience felt discriminanted against but the differences are not statistically significant. Conclusion: Results of the study suggest several problems, dissatisfaction and unsatisfied needs of drug users with health and social services and submit discrimination as the highest reason why not seeking help.

Social media, as newer media, has changed the classic communication. New forms of behavior were established because a new paradigm in communication was created. Sending and receiving messages through them is very fast, the interaction goes immediately, thus achieving a new form of communication. Each individual can very quickly create, create and send information, which reaches every person present in the new media. That is why public relations has used social media to create a new form of communication with the public. PR recent years have practically created a new concept of social media management related to the term community management. the public. Digital communication makes the interaction between public relations and social media great. Allow to create interesting messages that reach a large group of people, which improves the image of the organization / company in achieving its goals through public relations. In addition, it was possible to address various publics, to a large number of media, which also prefers responsibility, ethics, which are one of the goals of public relations.

Working paper series The Department of Society and Globalisation is one of the largest at Roskilde University with 75 permanent scientific personnel together with several Ph.Ds, and other teaching staff. Most of the academic personnel have a background in economics, political science or sociology. It is a general goal of our department and the rest of Roskilde University to foster interdisciplinary teaching and research. The later can be seen from the four main research lines of the department, namely: Welfare State and welfare society Public organisation and poliy analysis Innovation and processes of change in service and industry Institutions, actors and institutionalisation Public sector economics, organisation and planning The Research Papers from the Department of Society and Globalisation are edited by Associate Professor Susana Borras & Janni Villadsen.

Background: A range of civil society organisations (CSOs) such as drug user groups, non-governmental/third sector organisations and networks of existing organisations, seek to shape the development of drugs policy at national and international levels. However, their capacity to do so is shaped by the contexts in which they operate nationally and internationally. The aim of this paper is to explore the lived experience of civil society participation in these contexts, both from the perspective of CSOs engaged in harm reduction advocacy, and the institutions they engage with, in order to inform future policy development. Methods: This paper is based on the presentations and discussions from a workshop on 'Civil Society Involvement in Drug Policy hosted by the Correlation-European Harm Reduction Network at the International Society for the Study of Drugs Policy (ISSDP) annual conference in Paris, 2019. In the aftermath of the workshop, the authors analysed the papers and discussions and identified the key themes arising to inform CSI in developing future harm reduction policy and practice. Results: Civil society involvement (CSI) in policy decision-making and implementation is acknowledged as an important benefit to representative democracy. Yet, the accounts of CSOs demonstrate the challenges they experience in seeking to shape the contested field of drug policy. Negotiating the complex workings of political institutions, often in adversarial and heavily bureaucratic environments, proved difficult. Nonetheless, an increase in structures which formalised and resourced CSI enabled more meaningful participation at different levels and at different stages of policy making. Conclusions: Civil society spaces are colonised by a broad range of civil society actors lobbying from different ideological standpoints including those advocating for a 'drug free world' and those advocating for harm reduction. In these competitive arena, it may be difficult for harm reduction orientated CSOs to influence the policy process. However, the current COVID-19 public health crisis clearly demonstrates the benefits of partnership between CSOs and political institutions to address the harm reduction needs of people who use drugs. The lessons drawn from our workshop serve to inform all partners on this pathway.

Aпстракт – Виртуелна реалност (ВР) претставува нова технологија, која во иднина го очекува својот најголем подем. Ваквата технологија може да се искористи како одлична алатка за помош во психотерапијата. Таа нуди можности кои се прифатени од терапевтите и пациентите. Во оваа статија се опишани предностите кои ги нуди виртуелната реалност во областа на психотерапијата и начинот на кој се разликува од традиционалната психотерапија. Даден е краток преглед на ВР апликации кои се користат за совладување на акрофобија, клаустрофобија, страв од летање, страв од јавен настап, страв од инсекти, проблеми при јадење и намалување на болката кај пациентите. Исто така, прикажани се резултатите од користењето на таквите терапии, колку тие се прифатени и употребувани. Клучни зборови - виртуелна реалност (ВР), психотерапија

Harm reduction has been increasingly finding its way into public drug policies and healthcare practices worldwide, with successful intervention measures justifiably focussing on the highest-risk groups, such as injecting drug users. However, there are also other types of drug users in need for harm reduction, even though they pose less, low, or no public health risk. Occasionally, drug users may autonomously organise themselves into groups to provide advocacy, harm reduction, and peer-help services, sometimes online. The www.daath.hu website has been operated since 2001 by the "Hungarian Psychedelic Community", an unorganised drug user group with a special interest in hallucinogenic and related substances. As of today, the website serves about 1200 visitors daily, and the online community comprises of more than 8000 registered members. The Daath community is driven by a strong commitment to the policy of harm reduction in the form of various peer-help activities that aim to expand harm reduction without promoting drug use. Our review comprehensively summarises Daath's user-led harm reduction services and activities from the last ten years, firstly outlining the history and growth phases of Daath, along with its self-set guidelines and policies. Online services (such as a discussion board, and an Ecstasy pill database) and offline activities (such as Ecstasy pill field testing, and a documentary film about psychedelics) are described. In order to extend its harm reduction services and activities in the future, Daath has several social, commercial, and legislative challenges to face. Starting with a need to realign its focus, outlooks for the upcoming operation of Daath are pondered. Future trends in harm reduction, such as separating harm-decreasing from benefit-increasing, are also discussed. We aim to share these innovative harm reduction measures and good practices in order to be critically assessed, andif found usefuladapted and applied elsewhere.

Peer use of take home naloxone has the potential to reduce drug related deaths. There appears to be a paucity of research amongst homeless drug users on the topic. This study explores the acceptability and potential risk of peer use of naloxone amongst homeless drug users. From the findings the most feasible model for future treatment provision is suggested. In depth face-to-face interviews conducted in one primary care centre and two voluntary organisation centres providing services to homeless drug users in a large UK cosmopolitan city. Interviews recorded, transcribed and analysed thematically by framework techniques. Homeless people recognise signs of a heroin overdose and many are prepared to take responsibility to give naloxone, providing prior training and support is provided. Previous reports of the theoretical potential for abuse and malicious use may have been overplayed. There is insufficient evidence to recommend providing "over the counter" take home naloxone&...

Materiovigilance is a system applied for the purpose of detecting, gathering, monitoring, assessing and responding to new data on safety of medicinal products and related to the use of medical device related to possible incidents during use. The aim of this paper was to show the characteristics of the system of materiovigilance in the Republic of Macedonia compared to four other jurisdictions (US, EU, Japan and China), the recognition of the advantages and disadvantages of the systems and their impact on public health. Material and methods: For the realization of the aim of the study, we conducted an analysis of data published on the web pages of regulatory authorities related to the existing legal framework and review of the literature available on the network for scientists and researchers ResearchGate. General dialectical method as well as legal methods (dogmatic and normative method) were used in this study in order to determine the content, the meaning and the importance of the...

who generously gave of their time to review the draft publication and provide comments. iii Foreword The aim of this draft discussion paper, "From coercion to cohesion: Treating drug dependence through health care, not punishment", is to promote a health-oriented approach to drug dependence. The International Drug Control Conventions give Member States the flexibility to adopt such an approach. Treatment offered as alternative to criminal justice sanctions has to be evidence-based and in line with ethical standards. This paper outlines a model of referral from the criminal justice system to the treatment system that is more effective than compulsory treatment, which results in less restriction of liberty, is less stigmatising and offers better prospects for the future of the individual and the society. Drug dependence treatment without the consent of the patient should only be considered a short-term option of last resort in some acute emergency situations and needs to follow the same ethical and scientific standards as voluntary-based treatment. Human rights violations carried out in the name of "treatment" are not compliant with this approach.

Se presenta una investigación exploratoria y descriptiva de corte transversal sobre la automedicación en la Universidad de Antioquia. Se plantea que diversas variables asociadas a los medicamentos pueden contribuir a problemas de salud pública por el uso no óptimo de los mismos. Se pretende dar a conocer a la comunidad universitaria cuál es su situación al respecto y obtener información preliminar para futuras investigaciones como base para formular estrategias que permitan incentivar la utilización sana de los medicamentos. Según diversos estudios, la cantidad de fármacos automedicados crece continuamente en el país y en el mundo. A este fenómeno parece no escaparse la Universidad de Antioquia. Este hábito tiene importantes repercusiones en la salud y en el rol del Químico Farmacéutico (QF) como integrante del sistema de salud. A pesar de que la comunidad universitaria conoce las implicaciones, riesgos y desventajas del uso inapropiado de medicamentos, se halló que el 97% de las pe...