Dynamic Pricing Strategies

Effective energy management in solar-wind hybrid electric vehicle (EV) systems is complicated by variable renewable supply, unpredictable EV demand, and changing grid pricing. Conventional forecasting and allocation techniques frequently struggle with handling real-time fluctuations, leading to excessive energy usage. This study presents a hybrid framework combining Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Reinforcement Learning (RL) that integrates accurate shortterm energy generation forecasts with adaptive decision-making for optimal energy management. The LSTM module forecasts solar and wind generation utilising multivariate time-series data, encompassing meteorological and system characteristics, while the RL agent allocates energy dynamically among electric vehicles, batteries, and the grid. Simulation findings exhibit enhanced performance compared to baseline approaches, attaining 98.3% accuracy, 97.9% precision, 98.1% recall, 98.0% F1-score, a root mean square error (RMSE) of 1.9, and a R² of 0.99. Comparative analyses utilising Random Forest, independent LSTM, Deep Q-Network, and Support Vector Regression validate that the proposed framework enhances prediction accuracy, energy efficiency, and durability under variable settings. This study presents a scalable, real-time, and dependable solution for renewable energy management in electric vehicles, surpassing current methodologies and delivering actionable information for the sustainable implementation of smart grids.

The issue of pricing strategy is very important when it comes to competitive advantage in modern-day markets, especially in the fast-growing electronics industry in Albania. With the heightened modernization and competition of the Albanian retail market, the vast majority of local retailers are still operating using the stagnant pricing models, which do not react to the activity of competitors or the market changes. The study includes an extensive literature review of the modern dynamic pricing optimization models and machine learning approaches with particular consideration of their application to the Albanian electronics retail setting. The paper will explore existing methods of price optimization in existing academic literature and the industry with emphasis on machine learning methodologies that can be used in competitive pricing in the emerging market such as Albania. Some of the major methods that have been considered are reinforcement learning algorithms (Q-learning and Deep Q-Networks), time series forecasting models (ARIMA and Prophet) as well as data-driven approaches to competitive intelligence. The review summarizes how the techniques convert the price data into market actionable information and responsive business decisions in the Albanian market situation. The discussion compares the theoretical backgrounds and practical implementation of the dynamic pricing strategies by evaluating their efficiency in overcoming constraints of the traditional and commonly used fixed pricing strategies in the electronics retailing industry in Albania. Particular focus is placed on implementation issues of the Albanian businesses and competitive forces on the local market. The review outlines the existing implementation issues, knowledge gaps appropriate to the Albanian situation, and future research opportunities in the emerging Eastern European markets. This study is also important because it can help to understand how AI-based dynamic pricing systems can be implemented to fit the Albanian market setting. The paper will equip the Albanian electronics retailers with evidence-based information on optimal pricing strategies to improve their competitiveness in the market by adopting modern methods and research results.

In recent years, energy conservation research has identified a number of household actions that have the potential to drive significant reductions in carbon emissions in the near-term, without requiring substantial changes to householders' lifestyles or imposing significant financial costs. In this qualitative study, we investigate the potential of some of these actions for behavioral modification by asking householders to reveal the reasons why they perform (or fail to perform) such actions. As part of a telephone survey, a sample of customers (n = 1541) from an Australian energy retailer were asked about their reasons for engaging in specific energy usage practices in one of five household domains: laundry, kitchen, bathroom, space heating/cooling or general appliance usage. Qualitative analyses of participants' open-ended responses revealed that practices in the laundry and kitchen appear to hold the greatest promise for behavioral change, whereas practices in the shower may be more challenging to modify. Integrating our findings with current psychological and sociological knowledge, we present a range of possibilities for future behavior change interventions at the practice-level.

This article build upon fairness in pricing – i.e. a perceived fairness judgment by a buyer of a seller’s prices (Haws and Bearden, 2006) and dynamic pricing a strategy in which prices vary over time, consumers, and/or circumstances (Haws and Bearden, 2006) an analysis of the importance of the factors influencing consumers’ perception of fairness. Specifically, it uses fuzzy cognitive maps on the model proposed by Haws and Bearden (2006) to find the most important path leading to consumer satisfaction with the price. The FCM analyzes the responses of a group of 30 experts from 4 leading companies in medical equipment importing to find the most important paths. Introduction Price fairness and dynamic pricing have been investigated from different perspectives. Moreover, many articles have addressed the factors important in dynamic pricing (Haws and Bearden, 2006). However, the importance of the factors involved has not been surveyed enough. Specifically, there are no definitive guidel...

This study examines the specific techniques Disneyland applies to its experience marketing, which have helped it become a theme park leader. In the current marketplace, companies have to create stronger relationships with their customers than just completing deals. It shows this by giving guests experiences that reach them through their emotions, senses, and actions. This research looks at how these strategies affect customer satisfaction, loyalty to the brand, and overall involvement. By using both interviews, surveys, and observations, the study found that themed attractions, sensory experiences, and technology make visitors interact more. The research shows that a large group of visitors get emotionally attached to the park and remain faithful to it because of the unique activities there. At the end of the paper, I give marketing professionals useful tips and remind them that experience marketing should always push to be innovative and compassionate. Other companies can improve their services and loyalty to customers by copying the useful strategies Disneyland uses.

The purpose of this study was to propose a conceptual framework of perceived price fairness for tourism purchases. The proposed framework is theoretically based on attribution theory, which has not been largely applied in price literature regardless of its potential theoretical importance. Thus, it is hoped that this framework will contribute to understanding how tourists perceive price increases or extra charges, and help to establish appropriate marketing strategies related to consumers' perceptions of price (un)fairness. In order to empirically test the propositions formulated by the model, a methodological approach is also suggested. Accordingly, it is anticipated that further empirical research will be able to enhance the theoretical credibility of this conceptual model. It is further believed that understanding how perceived price fairness influences tourists behavior, depending on their inferences, will also provide practical implications. For instance, when suppliers encounter inevitable price increases, they could utilize a marketing strategy based on this theoretical understanding and its empirical results to mitigate consumer's negative reactions

With the rise in electricity, gas and oil prices and the persistently high levels of carbon emissions, there is an increasing demand for effective energy management in energy systems, including electrical grids. Recent literature exhibits large potential for optimizing the behavior of such systems towards energy performance, reducing peak loads and exploiting environmentally friendly ways for energy production. However, the primary challenge relies on the optimization of such systems, which introduces significant complexities since they present quite dynamic behavior. Such cyberphysical frameworks usually integrate multiple interconnected components such as power plants, transmission lines, distribution networks and various types of energy-storage systems, while the behavior of these components is affected by various external factors such as user individual requirements, weather conditions, energy demand and market prices. Consequently, traditional optimal control approaches—such as...

Fog computing is an emerging service-oriented market in conjunction with Cloud computing to fulfill the resource demand of mobile users as well as IoT users for real-time applications. Auctioning in Fog computing is highly challenging due to mobility, dynamic pricing, real-time demand in comparison to Cloud based auctioning models. Further, due to users' mobility and limited Fog resources, existing reverse auction techniques developed for Cloud computing model cannot directly be applied for the resource procurement in Fog-Integrated Cloud Architecture (FICA). Therefore, a reverse auction-based model which includes customer, auctioneer, Fog provider, Cloud provider, and Fog & Cloud provider together as auction participants, is proposed in this work. The proposed model, for resource provisioning using a multi-attribute combinatorial reverse auction, is named as Fog-Integrated Cloud Auctioning Model (FICAM). FICAM pricing scheme includes three types of resources depending on their requirement i.e., local Fog, remote Fog, and Cloud. A truthful, robust, and fair algorithm for resource allocation is proposed considering response time, data source mobility requirements, and Fog resource limitations. To encourage providers to bid truthfully, the Vickrey model is extended. FICAM also introduces a new algorithm for resource procurement in which instead of giving all resources of the bundle, only the required resources at a time are given to the customer with the bundle discount. The discount is based on a certain threshold in the ratio of the availed amount of resources to the offered amount of resources. Rigorous experimentation exhibits that the proposed model offers a low resource procurement cost in polynomial time as compared to other state of the art algorithms.

Background: When a clinical treatment fails or shows suboptimal results, the question of when to switch to another treatment arises. Treatment switching strategies are often dynamic because the time of switching depends on the evolution of an individual's time-varying covariates. Dynamic strategies can be directly compared in randomized trials. For example, HIV-infected individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy could be randomized to switching therapy within 90 days of HIV-1 RNA crossing above a threshold of either 400 copies/ml (tight-control strategy) or 1000 copies/ml (loose-control strategy). Methods: We review an approach to emulate a randomized trial of dynamic switching strategies using observational data from the Antiretroviral Therapy Cohort Collaboration, the Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems and the HIV-CAUSAL Collaboration. We estimated the comparative effect of tight-control vs. loose-control strategies on death and AIDS or death via inverse-probability weighting. Results: Of 43 803 individuals who initiated an eligible antiretroviral therapy regimen in 2002 or later, 2001 met the baseline inclusion criteria for the mortality analysis and 1641 for the AIDS or death analysis. There were 21 deaths and 33 AIDS or death events in the tight-control group, and 28 deaths and 41 AIDS or death events in the loose-control group. Compared with tight control, the adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for loose control were 1.10 (0.73, 1.66) for death, and 1.04 (0.86, 1.27) for AIDS or death. Conclusions: Although our effective sample sizes were small and our estimates imprecise, the described methodological approach can serve as an example for future analyses.

This article build upon fairness in pricing – i.e. a perceived fairness judgment by a buyer of a seller’s prices (Haws and Bearden, 2006) and dynamic pricing a strategy in which prices vary over time, consumers, and/or circumstances (Haws and Bearden, 2006) an analysis of the importance of the factors influencing consumers’ perception of fairness. Specifically, it uses fuzzy cognitive maps on the model proposed by Haws and Bearden (2006) to find the most important path leading to consumer satisfaction with the price. The FCM analyzes the responses of a group of 30 experts from 4 leading companies in medical equipment importing to find the most important paths. Introduction Price fairness and dynamic pricing have been investigated from different perspectives. Moreover, many articles have addressed the factors important in dynamic pricing (Haws and Bearden, 2006). However, the importance of the factors involved has not been surveyed enough. Specifically, there are no definitive guidel...

CMMS (computerized maintenance management system) is the specific software for maintenance management of the manufacturing industries to handle complex tasks, work orders, spare part management, asset management, and automatic report generation effectively which saves production time and optimizes maintenance cost. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the maintenance performance of CMMS in the two-wheeler manufacturing industry. CMMS is analyzed in terms of input factors such as computerized material management and inventory control (CMMIC), resource and asset management (RAM), computerized maintenance planning and scheduling (CMPS). Profit, sales, and income are considered as output factors. It has been observed that by implementing CMMS in the two-wheeler industry yielded higher profits, increased sales, reduced downtime by controlling the asset failure rate, inventory control and enhanced productivity by uninterrupted operations due to enhanced availability of the machines.

While hotels come up with various discount strategies to attract consumers, especially during a recession, both hotels and consumers seem to favor dynamic pricing. Yet there are not enough studies available to reveal that dynamic pricing would positively impact consumers. Studies also indicated that price discounts give consumers not only monetary benefits but also positive responses. The purpose of this study was to investigate how uniform pricing and dynamic pricing influence consumers behavior, in the presence of low involvement and high involvement consumers. The results of study suggested that high involvement consumers responded more positively to dynamic pricing than uniform pricing. Moreover, younger and female consumers are more likely to be involved in obtaining a discount, and high involvement consumers showed more positive feelings, and were more likely to tell others and make repeat purchases from a discount as compared to low involvement consumers.

We present results of 1189 structured interviews about price-setting behavior of the formal firms in the manufacturing and services sector of Pakistan. Our key discoveries are that frequency of price change is considerably high in Pakistan, lowering the real impact of monetary policy. Price rigidity is mainly explained by firms caring about relative prices and the persistence of shocks. The exchange-rate and cost shocks are more important than financial and demand shocks for both setting prices and also the readiness with which these pass-through to the economy. Formal sector firms with connections to the informal sector, especially through demand, have a lower probability of price adjustment. The lack of taxes and compliance with tax regime, i.e. enforcement are held responsible for existence of the informal sector by formal sector firms.

Despite the acknowledgement that buildings are a major consumer of natural resources, the gap between design and operational building performance continues to present a challenge to both the construction industry and building occupants. Occupant behaviour is recognised as a significant factor in understanding operational performance. Approaches rooted in psychology have typically been adopted to understand behaviour and develop interventions, with the 'individual' as the focus of analysis. Social Practice Theory (SPT) provides an alternative means of appraising the dynamics between elements which converge to form practices impacting on the operational performance of the building, moving the focus of analysis from the individual to the practice. The building features designed to support sustainable behaviour are therefore considered as material elements embedded in wider social systems and not simply as physical features designed to determine behaviour. The benefits and limitations of a social practice approach in this context are appraised through the analysis of research undertaken in BREEAM Excellent certified office buildings considering the practice of moderating comfort. Findings demonstrate that SPT provides an opportunity to contextualise the physical features of sustainable office buildings and permits a more complex analysis of 'why' and 'how' workplace routines and practices are undertaken.

The world is urbanising rapidly and peak-urbanisation is still far away. Since more people live on denser surfaces, the necessity to manage these masses of people is becoming more urgent. This is necessary to prevent chaos. Unfortunately, there are several examples where the lack of existence of crowd management led to disaster, such as the Peterloo Massacre in Manchester. After this massacre theorists started developing theories on how to harness, steer, control and manipulate crowds. Nowadays the same theories are still used by governments and in the tourism sectors to make people act as desired. For the Efteling, with 5,43million visitors per year, efficiency in design and crowd management are key. Rather than looking at the implementation side, this thesis focuses on the perceived side of crowd management. This thesis looks at how people experienced the crowdedness in the park and how people perceived the relative experienced waiting time at attractions.  The former is mostly explained by fluctuating prices and the crowd calendar, since people reschedule if days are expensive and crowded. The latter is explained by stimuli like adding smells. However, the most important feature is the Efteling App, which has a huge influence on the park’s crowd management.

This research investigates the implementation of a real-time, microservices-oriented dynamic pricing system for the travel sector. The system is designed to address factors such as demand, competitor pricing, and other external circumstances in real-time. Both controlled simulation and real-life application showed a respectable gain of 22% in revenue generation and a 17% improvement in pricing response time which concern the issues of scaling and flexibility of classical pricing mechanisms. Demand forecasting, competitor pricing strategies, and event-based pricing were implemented as separate microservices to enhance their scalability and reduce resource consumption by 30% during peak loads. Customers were also more content as depicted by a 15% increase in satisfaction score post-implementation given the appreciation of more appropriate pricing. This research enhances the existing literature with practical illustrations of the possible application of microservices technology in developing dynamic pricing solutions in a complex and data-driven context. There exist however areas for improvement for instance inter-service latency and the need for extensive real-time data pipelines. The present research goes on to suggest combining these with direct data capture from customer behavior at the same time as machine learning capacity developments in pricing algorithms to assist in more accurate real time pricing. It is determined that the use of microservices is a reasonable and efficient model for dynamic pricing, allowing the tourism sector to employ evidence-based and customer centric pricing techniques, which ensures that their profits are not jeopardized because of the need for customers.

As pricing in hospitality and tourism evolves due to the opportunities presented by artificial intelligence (AI), so do the concerns that come with technological advancements. There is a fine line between what is possible, what is profitable, and what is ethical, sustainable and responsible in the use of AI for pricing. This viewpoint article draws attention to the dark side of pricing, and presents a framework towards sustainable pricing, against the backdrop of the current European Union legal framework. The framework includes ethical guidelines, self-regulation, self-protection and technological regulation, which should be considered as a whole.

Der Beitrag beschreibt für den Business-to-Consumer-Bereich im Internet, wieso zwischen Erlösquellen und Preismodellen getrennt werden soll, wie durch Preismodelle strategische und taktische Ziele erreicht und welche Preismodelle durch das Internet besonders begünstigt werden: • Eine klare Trennung zwischen Erlösquelle und Preismodell ist wichtig, da die Erlösquelle zunächst unabhängig von dem nachher realisierten Preismodell ist und mit der Wahl der Erlösquelle der relevante Markt und die darauf auftretenden Wettbewerber festgelegt werden. • Das Anbieten kostenloser Produkte im Internet ist dann sinnvoll, wenn dadurch langfristige Wettbewerbsvorteile erreicht werden, z. B. durch das Setzen eines Standards oder dem Realisieren von Skaleneffekten. • Das Internet selbst ermöglicht vor allem neue Formen interaktiver Preismodelle, während die im Internet vorliegenden Kostenstrukturen vor allem den Einsatz differenzierter Preise begünstigen. • Interaktive Preismodelle verschieben das unternehmerische Planungsproblem von der optimalen Festlegung der vom Verkäufer verlangten Preise hin zur optimalen Gestaltung des interaktiven Preismodells.

This comprehensive article examines the transformative role of New Distribution Capability (NDC) in revolutionizing airline retailing and distribution strategies. The article explores how NDC, an XML-based data transmission standard introduced by the International Air Transport Association (IATA), addresses the limitations of traditional Global Distribution Systems (GDS) while enhancing distribution capabilities, improving customer experiences, and boosting operational efficiency. Through a detailed analysis of NDC's adoption trends, implementation challenges, and impact on various aspects of airline operations, this article provides insights into the changing landscape of airline commerce. The article investigates the direct connections facilitated by NDC between airlines and travel agents, the reduction in dependence on intermediaries, and the implications for competitive pricing strategies. Furthermore, it delves into the enhanced customer experience through personalization, the operational efficiencies gained, and the competitive advantages of NDC adoption. The article also addresses current challenges in NDC implementation, including technical integration hurdles and industry standardization issues, while exploring emerging trends such as increased automation, AI-driven personalization, and potential blockchain integration. By synthesizing current industry practices, academic research, and future projections, this article offers a holistic view of NDC's role in shaping the future of airline distribution, providing valuable insights for industry stakeholders and researchers alike.

We gratefully acknowledge the contributions of our 81 research participants, who kindly shared many details of their domestic life as well as their hopes and aspirations for the future. All photos in this report are due to our research participants willingness to share images of their technologies and homes. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and are not necessarily those of the Australian Government or Australian Research Council, project partners, or Advisory Committee members. Digital Energy Futures: Future Home Life Emerging digital energy future trends The findings were analysed to understand emerging trends in digital energy futures across seven domains of everyday practice, where the majority of energy demand and peak electricity demand takes place, and/or where significant changes are emerging. Each practice domain discussed in the full report provides the following sections: Relevant technologies: A list of technologies that are either continuing to be used in association with the trends or are emerging, accelerating and speculative. Key emerging trends: An overview of the concerns, practices, routines and priorities that are unfolding now or likely to unfold in the near future, involving digital and energy technologies. Explaining the trends: Further explanation as to why the trends are occurring. Everyday future visions: Participants' hopes, anxieties and aspirations for their futures. Digital Energy Futures: Future Home Life Digital Energy Futures: Future Home Life GLOSSARY OF TERMS AI Artificial intelligence: Technologies that can perform tasks or solve problems using algorithms and machine learning, ideally without the direct intervention of humans. AD Autonomous driving vehicles: A vehicle, usually an automobile, that can drive largely without human intervention through technology that allows it to sense its environment and navigate through it. AR Augmented reality: a technology which projects or superimposes a digitally produced image onto the user's view of the real world. CALD Culturally and linguistically diverse: Participants were categorised as culturally or linguistically diverse if a language other than English is the primary language spoken at home, they are not fully fluent in English, or they were born and lived the majority of their lives in places other than Australia, New Zealand, the UK and North America. CBD Central business district. DVA Digital voice assistant: A device or operating system which responds to voice commands and can perform tasks, often embedded into smart speakers (e.g. Amazon Alexa and Google Home). Demand management program Digital Energy Futures: Future Home Life Comparison to industry visions Key claim from Stage 1 analysis of industry reports Widespread adoption of smart home technologies is 'just around the corner', bringing improved efficiencies, convenience, and immersive household entertainment. Digital voice assistants will become the hub of the smart home and enable greater household automation. "With technological advances in voice control and artificial intelligence, the intelligent assistant is now a viable control centre for the connected home." (McKinsey 2019, np). Comparison with ethnographic findings We identified a proliferation of digital devices, although many purchases and acquisitions were directly linked to the increased time spent at home due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Many of these technologies do not live up to industry predictions, such as digital voice assistants, which were mostly used for minor entertainment or simple requests. Voice assistants were rarely connected to other devices or appliances, used to make purchases, or envisioned as central to more household automation. Key claim from Stage 1 analysis of industry reports Smart appliances will enable better energy management through automated and remote control. "By harnessing BTM [Behind the Meter] assets like smart appliances at granular levels, new valueadded predictive maintenance and monitoring services will dovetail with DR [distributed resource] functionality that benefits both the customer and the energy provider." (Navigant 2018, 25). Comparison with ethnographic findings The main appeal of digital technologies was about increasing convenience, pleasure and entertainment in the home, not the opportunities it provided for energy management.

Purpose-Despite multiple studies of customer delight in various service industries, limited research exists in the hedonically-driven theme park context. This study explores the key drivers of customer delight and outrage in theme parks by analyzing TripAdvisor's comments from visitors to the top 20 North American theme parks. Design / Methodology-Following the analysis of thousands of extremely positive and negative comments using MAXQDA qualitative software, keywords drivers of delight and outrage were identified. The researchers applied both thematic and root cause in order to ascertain the sources leading to both positive and negative consumer feedback. Findings-Delighted guests relayed various aspects of their experience including positive affect experience, positive value perceptions, and limited wait times. Root causes that influenced customer delight included: excellent core product, quality food and beverage, servicescape, pricing decisions, and low visitor demand or sensible admissions policies. Outraged guests described various aspects of their experiences such as negative perceptions of value, long waits, poor customer service, and negative emotions. Root causes for customer outrage included low quality or deficient core products, poor quality of food and beverage, poor facility maintenance, aggressive pricing decisions, poor staff selection, training, and working conditions, and high customer demand on any given date or aggressive admissions policies. Originality / Value-The present research is unique in that it exposes the key themes of customer delight and outrage in the theme park setting, presents a conceptual model, and analyzes its root causes.

This paper presents experimental evidence that information feedback dramatically increases the price elasticity of demand in a setting where signals about quantity consumed are traditionally coarse and infrequent. In a randomized controlled trial, residential electricity customers are exposed to price increases, with some households also receiving displays that transmit high-frequency information about usage and prices. This substantially lowers information acquisition costs and allows us to identify the marginal information effect. Households only experiencing price increases reduce demand by 0 to 7 percent whereas those also exposed to information feedback exhibit a usage reduction of 8 to 22 percent, depending on the amount of advance notice. The differential response across treatments is significant and robust to the awareness of price changes. Conservation extends beyond the treatment window, providing evidence of habit formation, spillovers, and greenhouse gas abatement. Results suggest that information about the quantity consumed facilitates learning, which likely drives the treatment differential.

The high penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) will burden the existing power delivery infrastructure if their charging and discharging are not adequately coordinated. Dynamic pricing is a special form of demand response that can encourage EV owners to participate in scheduling programs. Therefore, EV charging and discharging scheduling and its dynamic pricing model are important fields of study. Many researchers have focused on artificial intelligence-based EV charging demand forecasting and scheduling models and suggested that artificial intelligence techniques perform better than conventional optimization methods such as linear, exponential, and multinomial logit models. However, only a few research studies focused on EV discharging scheduling (i.e., vehicle-to-grid, V2G) because the concept of EV discharging electricity back to the power grid is relatively new and evolving. Therefore, a review of existing EV charging and discharging-related studies is needed to understand the r...

Proposals to reform default 'flat-rate' electricity tariffs are rarely met with enthusiasm by consumer groups or policymakers because they produce winners and losers. Proposals to initiate more cost-reflective time-of-use rates will be met with cautious interest if the basis of customer participation is 'opt-in'. Using the smart meter data of 160,000 residential customers from the Victorian region of Australia's National Electricity Market, our tariff model reveals that households in financial hardship are the most adversely affected from existing flat-rate structures. Even after network tariff rebalancing, Hardship and Concession & Pensioner Households are, on average, beneficiaries of more cost-reflective tariff structures once Demand Response is accounted for.

Proposals to reform default 'flat-rate' electricity tariffs are rarely met with enthusiasm by consumer groups or policymakers because they produce winners and losers. Proposals to initiate more cost-reflective time-of-use rates will be met with cautious interest if the basis of customer participation is 'opt-in'. Using the smart meter data of 160,000 residential customers from the Victorian region of Australia's National Electricity Market, our tariff model reveals that households in financial hardship are the most adversely affected from existing flat-rate structures. Even after network tariff rebalancing, Hardship and Concession & Pensioner Households are, on average, beneficiaries of more cost-reflective tariff structures once Demand Response is accounted for.

The paper is a deep dive into literature and scholarship on sustainable development. The purpose is to identify emerging research themes that are of growing interest to scholars on sustainability with particular emphasis on management and public policy literature, and the methodology is three-pronged, comprising the following: a content analysis of sustainability scholarship, tracking of patterns and trends over a two-decade period to delineate specific findings, and an exploration of the learnings from the literature review. We have trained our focus largely on the disciplines of management and public policy. The attempt is to distinguish the ideas, the orientation, and the direction of sustainability research longitudinally over time. The paper presents several interesting learnings growing cross-disciplinary trends in sustainability research, the evolutionary nature of sustainability studies, the induction of emerging economies into sustainable development and its reflection in research studies, theorising and the development of frameworks, creation of knowledge and information hubs in industry and the episodic movement from precepts and principles; to protocols and policy; and to practice process, and performance. By suggesting a novel approach to perceiving and classifying sustainability research over time, presenting frameworks for theory building in this field of study, and proposing fruitful areas for future research, we contribute to the body of relevant literature.

The paper is a deep dive into literature and scholarship on sustainable development. The purpose is to identify emerging research themes that are of growing interest to scholars on sustainability with particular emphasis on management and public policy literature, and the methodology is three-pronged, comprising the following: a content analysis of sustainability scholarship, tracking of patterns and trends over a two-decade period to delineate specific findings, and an exploration of the learnings from the literature review. We have trained our focus largely on the disciplines of management and public policy. The attempt is to distinguish the ideas, the orientation, and the direction of sustainability research longitudinally over time. The paper presents several interesting learnings growing cross-disciplinary trends in sustainability research, the evolutionary nature of sustainability studies, the induction of emerging economies into sustainable development and its reflection in research studies, theorising and the development of frameworks, creation of knowledge and information hubs in industry and the episodic movement from precepts and principles; to protocols and policy; and to practice process, and performance. By suggesting a novel approach to perceiving and classifying sustainability research over time, presenting frameworks for theory building in this field of study, and proposing fruitful areas for future research, we contribute to the body of relevant literature.

The influence of the economy on changes in society, the role of the individual on the formation of social wealth and depletion, the impact on the social and economic situation of proper accounting and working with intellectual capital are considered. The problems, which the country faces with in this area, are defined. Recommendations on the formation of key points of creating a successful economy and the transfer of the existing mode of economic management to real market-based management are given. Currently, the main management tool in Ukraine is the market. With high inflation, raiding and corruption, the market gives up its leading role to hierarchy or culture. Massive distortions of the true understanding of the underlying principles underlying the changes destroy the economy. The activities of managing the country can be statistically estimated by the shift of society on the scale of emotional tones. The emotional evaluations used by historians with the same facts may be radically different. Evaluation of politicians from the standpoint of the theory of intellectual capital is a step towards rationality. The economy can produce both wealth and impoverishment. In this case, the wealth of some can be a disaster for others. Openness, honesty, the ability to consult and choose the most effective development option for all is the key to productivity. «Epochs do not differ in what is produced, but in how it is produced». Capitalism has its own truth, its own strength in the fight against evil and it is not so simple! Capitalism presses parasitism, but it loves at the same time! The mission of economics and politics is to work for the benefit of humanism and civilization by providing new and better opportunities to meet the needs of people.Success brings success! Moreover, by and large, the economy has shifted and continues to move towards more humane socio-political formations.

A kutatás a dinamikus árazás, a méltányos árazás észlelése és a vásárlási hajlandóság közötti összefüggéseket vizsgálja, valamint teszteli az árpozíció moderáló hatását. A dinamikus árazási stratégiák és az árpozíció stimulusként jelentek meg a kvázi kísérletben, ahol 387 egyetemi hallgatót kérdeztek meg repülőjegy-vásárlási magatartásukról. Az eredmények azt mutatják, hogy a dinamikus árazás jelentős hatással van a méltányos árazás észlelésére és ezen keresztül a vásárlási hajlandóságra. Ezen túlmenően az árpozíció moderálja a csökkenő árváltoztatási trendet alkalmazó dinamikus árazási stratégia és a méltányos árazás közötti összefüggést. A relatív magasabb piaci ár esetén ez a hatás erősebb. A tanulmány hozzájárul a témában meglévő szakirodalomhoz, mivel azonosítja a dinamikus árazás különböző formáinak alkategóriáit, meghatározza e kutatási terület fogalmi kereteit, empirikusan alátámasztja ezen alkategóriák hatásait, valamint azonosítja az árpozíció moderáló szerepét.

The high penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) will burden the existing power delivery infrastructure if their charging and discharging are not adequately coordinated. Dynamic pricing is a special form of demand response that can encourage EV owners to participate in scheduling programs. Therefore, EV charging and discharging scheduling and its dynamic pricing model are important fields of study. Many researchers have focused on artificial intelligence-based EV charging demand forecasting and scheduling models and suggested that artificial intelligence techniques perform better than conventional optimization methods such as linear, exponential, and multinomial logit models. However, only a few research studies focused on EV discharging scheduling (i.e., vehicle-to-grid, V2G) because the concept of EV discharging electricity back to the power grid is relatively new and evolving. Therefore, a review of existing EV charging and discharging-related studies is needed to understand the research gaps and to make some improvements in future studies. This paper reviews EV charging and discharging-related studies and classifies them into forecasting, scheduling, and pricing mechanisms. The paper determines the linkage between forecasting, scheduling, and pricing mechanism and identifies the research gaps in EV discharging scheduling and dynamic pricing models.

In a digital age where companies face rapid changes in technology, consumer trends, and business environments, there is a critical need for continual revision of the business model in response to disruptive innovation. A pillar of innovation in business practices is the adoption of novel pricing schemes, such as Pay-What-You-Want (PWYW). In this paper, we employed game theory and behavioral economics to model consumers' behavior in response to a PWYW pricing strategy where there is an information asymmetry between the consumer and supplier. In an effort to minimize the information asymmetry, we incorporated the supplier's cost and the consumer's reference prices as two parameters that might influence the consumer's payment decision. Our model shows that consumers' behavior varies depending on the available information. As a result, when an external reference point is provided, the consumer tends to pay higher amounts to follow the social herd or respect her self-image. However, the external reference price can also decrease her demand when, in the interest of fairness, she forgoes the purchase because the amount she is willing to pay is less that what she recognizes to be an unrecoverable cost to the supplier.

Dieses Werk einschließlich aller seiner Teile ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Verwertung außerhalb der engen Grenzen des Urheberrechtsgesetzes ist ohne Zustimmung des Verlages unzulässig und strafbar. Das gilt insbesondere für Vervielfältigungen, Übersetzungen, Mikroverfilmungen und die Einspeicherung und Verarbeitung in elektronischen Systemen.

We staan voor enorme opgaves de komende decennia. Broeikasgassen dienen te worden gereduceerd en we gaan het land bestendig maken tegen overstromingen, hitte en droogte. Daarnaast gaan we ook last krijgen van steeds meer schade als gevolg van extreem weer. Dit kost geld. En alhoewel exacte bedragen niet betrouwbaar zijn te schatten, staat buiten kijf dat deze ‘klimaatkosten’ flink gaan stijgen. Beleidsmaatregelen worden nu geïntensiveerd en de gevolgen van klimaatverandering gaan steeds vaker gevoeld worden.

Dit essay is geschreven door Suzanne Hulscher, Annick de Vries en Victor Toom voor Energeia, hét platform voor discussie en kennisdeling in de energiesector. Het essay is gepubliceerd op 16 maart 2023.

The UK introduced carbon budgets in 2008, with an aim to reduce greenhouse gases by 80% by 2050 compared with the 1990 levels. It has been argued that the 2015 Paris Agreement on limiting the global average temperature rise to ‘well below 2° C’ requires deeper and more rapid emission reductions than the current UK targets. Household energy consumption accounts for almost a third of total UK CO2emissions in recent years. This paper explores drivers of high energy consumption in domestic buildings from a sociological practice perspective and through a lens of dominant meanings of ‘home’. Whilst the practice approach and meanings of home have been explored separately in the literature to understand household energy consumption, this paper adds new findings on the interaction between the meanings of home and the elements of practices. Results show the dominant meaning of home differs between householders; this in turn affects the materials and procedures of energy-consuming practices. F...

The concept of fairness has received great attention in consumer behavior research lately. However, the focus of these studies has mainly been the understanding of fairness in terms of pricing rather than exploring the consumers' perceptions of fairness itself. This study explores the consumers' perceptions of fairness as an outcome of a retailer's marketing tactics. Based on 36 in-depth interviews this study submits a conceptualization of retail fairness from the consumers' point-of-view. The concept of retail fairness constitutes of three dimensions and nine sub-dimensions, expanding our knowledge of the construct. The study posits a crucial link between increased honesty, ethical, and moral behavior and the understanding of retail fairness. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.

Os objetivos desta análise são 1) identificar os elos na cadeia de valor da rota turística Don Vasco em Michoacán, México, e 2) com base na análise anterior, procede-se à integração da inteligência turística nos elos. O método implementado é a Cadeia de Valor desenvol-vida pelo Instituto Humboldt e o Manual de Campo para o Desenho de Estratégias para Aumentar a Competitividade de Cadeias Produtivas com Pequenos Produtores. Dentre os resultados obtidos, constatou-se que os elos que compõem a cadeia turística possuem for-te representatividade do setor governamental, dentro do seu desenvolvimento, seguido da necessidade de integrar elementos inteligentes ao longo do percurso em resposta às mudanças do setor. Por fim, nas conclusões pode-se identificar que o planejamento dentro
da rota ajuda a dar um correto acompanhamento das estratégias a serem implementadas diante das constantes mudanças no setor diante das inovações nas áreas de ciência e tec-nologia, que contribuem para o turismo.

It is well known that most activities in which a service is provided require customers to wait in a queue during the experience. One thing that is inherent in waiting lines is the universal dislike for the process. In fact, the feelings and opinions developed in waiting lines influence the customers perception of the awaited experience. In this paper, Disney is used as a case study for queuing solutions. In particular, we examine their implementation of Knowledge Management (KM) solutions to improve the waiting line process. The use of Disney cast members as human capital combined with the knowledge of customer preferences has made the FASTPASS an innovative solution to enhance queuing in the Disney theme parks. In the past, KM has been thought of as the collection of technological assets and managerial policies that compensate for information failures. In fact, the individuals need for human interaction provides the richest opportunity for knowledge acquisition. Disneys ability to ...

This survey has been taken to understand how young budding entrepreneurs' viewpoint is on the pricing strategies, which is embodied in the current market scenario. As prices are the foundational segment any business's revenue, selecting the optimal pricing strategy is quite challenging task for every business as this pricing strategy impacts the growth of the firm and the expansion process. The pricing strategies can be set to achieve various objectives such as winning a large market share or to discourage competitors from entering the market. Taking the fundamental pricing strategies into consideration the penetration pricing and skimming pricing achieve different objectives such as obtaining large market share and premium brand recognition respectively [1]. So out of the various dynamic strategies what is contributing to the organisational growth and successful expansion is debatable as some consumers likely to associate less expensive products with cheap quality and the products of a higher price will tend to be associated with higher value [2]. Under this survey the awareness level on the basic pricing strategies called the skimming and penetration pricing is conducted among the young entrepreneurs. This study aims to evaluate the impact of pricing strategy stimulating market growth which leads to expansion and also to study how challenging to select penetration pricing strategy in order to win large market share. Effort has also to been taken to offer suggestion to improve on choosing the best pricing strategies. The young budding entrepreneur's insights on the impact of pricing strategy is collected in this survey. A strong association between pricing tactics and the age, gender, and educational background of the young aspiring entrepreneurs was discovered through this lengthy investigation. It has also been demonstrated that choosing a pricing strategy for gaining a sizable market share is rather difficult. Additionally, it is shown that the skimming price strategy and market expansion and growth are strongly related [3].

Price is the cost consumers pay to stay with the manufacturer. In turn, the firms should make the consumers feel that their sacrifice is fair. Marketers should understand the differences between price fairness and unfairness. Most research manipulates causes price unfairness and assumes reverse is fairness. We study overall price (un)fairness as an aggregate of distributive, procedural, informational, and interpersonal justice and study what differences exist between price fairness and unfairness. Consumer's sense of equity from the transaction and their understanding of the pricing policy contribute equally toward creating price fairness perceptions. Violation of equity has the greatest impact on price unfairness perceptions, followed by consumer's inability to understand procedures. For services, both distributive and procedural dimensions are equally important. Consumers display stronger preference to stay with the service provider in case of fair price perceptions than their preference to leave because of unfairness. Customers show a status quo bias. Positive communication influences them to repurchase.

The rapid advancements in information and communication technology during the third industrial revolution of the late 20th century has marked the beginning of a new era in the retail sector with the introduction of E-commerce. The dawn of the new century witnessed industry 4.0, revolutionizing all areas of online business by bringing in novel opportunities and possibilities. Despite the progress in technology, the determination of correct pricing on online selling platforms still remains a very complex task. The adoption of big data technology has enabled online sellers to make real-time price changes of high magnitude and proximity. However, with increasing awareness among buyers regarding modern pricing strategies, it is necessary to examine probable changes in consumer behavior when exposed to dynamic pricing scenarios. This study investigates the factors that influence consumer behavior, and their prospective online purchase decisions in a dynamic pricing context, through an exp...

What does it mean to be at home in a hot city? One response is to shut our doors and close ourselves in a cocoon of air-conditioned thermal comfort. As the climate warms, indoor environments facilitated by technical infrastructures of cooling are fast becoming the condition around which urban life is shaped. The price we pay for this response is high: our bodies have become sedentary, patterns of consumption individualized, and spaces of comfortable mobility and sociality in the city, termed in this paper as "infrastructures of care," have declined. Drawing on the findings of a transdisciplinary pilot study titled Cooling the Commons, this paper proposes that the production of the home as an enclosed and private space needs to be rethought as an infrastructure that potentially undermines more social, convivial, and environmentally sensitive responses to a warming world. The paper asks, what role might design now play in developing alternative infrastructures of care that start with the idea of "home" as a distributed proposition?

O turismo de cassinos é o tema da presente investigação, cujo recorte espacial contempla a região do Destino Turístico Iguaçu, na tríplice fronteira entre Brasil, Paraguai e Argentina, que oferta jogos de apostas como um de seus produtos. A pesquisa contribui para reduzir uma lacuna existente na literatura sobre turismo de cassinos no Brasil, buscando entender as motivações dos fluxos para estes atrativos a partir da perspectiva do turista. O objetivo geral é identificar os fatores motivacionais que levam os turistas brasileiros a visitar os cassinos do Destino Turístico Iguaçu. A metodologia utilizada foi de natureza qualitativa e documental tendo como fonte de dados comentários de turistas na plataforma TripAdvisor. A captura dos comentários ocorreu com o uso de um software em Python, obtendo-se uma amostra de 2.197 comentários em língua portuguesa, entre agosto de 2012 e março de 2020. A tabulação e o processamento dos dados foram realizados com mecanismos para análise de textos ...

The rapid advancements in information and communication technology during the third industrial revolution of the late 20th century has marked the beginning of a new era in the retail sector with the introduction of E-commerce. The dawn of the new century witnessed industry 4.0, revolutionizing all areas of online business by bringing in novel opportunities and possibilities. Despite the progress in technology, the determination of correct pricing on online selling platforms still remains a very complex task. The adoption of big data technology has enabled online sellers to make real-time price changes of high magnitude and proximity. However, with increasing awareness among buyers regarding modern pricing strategies, it is necessary to examine probable changes in consumer behavior when exposed to dynamic pricing scenarios. This study investigates the factors that influence consumer behavior, and their prospective online purchase decisions in a dynamic pricing context, through an exp...