Economic Justice

It is convenient to assume that the perception of inequality is a result of a rational analysis of difference. Most formal studies of inequality explore evidence of unfair differences before analysing their causes and consequences. Individual experiences of inequality do not, however, always follow this pattern. Individuals can develop a sense of inequality without always being able to explain why they think so. Fears of a majority being overpowered by a minority or the coming to dominance of groups that have benefited from affirmative action are often widespread without the support of adequate empirical analysis. Despite lacking empirical support these fears can prompt actions, like political mobilization or even direct violent responses. As the impact of these responses on society are often not trivial, they cannot be dismissed as an error term. The study of inequality cannot then be restricted to the perceptions that are based on rational analysis. It must also explore the sense of inequality that cannot be explained but has societal consequences. This paper seeks to develop a framework to do so by building on Heidegger’s concept of a preconceptual sense of being. The paper identifies the links between the characteristics of the preconceptual sense of being and specific types of inequality.

California criminal justice agencies need access to data in order to provide security, health care treatment, and appropriate programming, as well as to coordinate these activities with other agencies. By the same token, outside agencies-whether criminal, social service, or nongovernmental-could often do their jobs more effectively with access to information generated or retained within particular criminal justice agencies. Criminal justice realignment under AB 109 has only heightened the need for inter-agency data sharing and cooperation, yet there continue to be misunderstandings about the legal framework surrounding information exchange. This Article aims to provide a basic, practical background on the legal rules relevant to information exchange, highlighting under what circumstances-and with whom-criminal justice agencies may share, must share, or must not share their information. The Article's basic conclusion is that criminal justice data sharing is enabled by the existing legal regime.

The escalation of juvenile delinquency in Bangladesh has emerged as a critical socio-legal challenge, profoundly exacerbated by rapid urbanization, economic disparities, and the modern proliferation of adolescent gang cultures (popularly known as "Kishore Gangs"). This research paper provides a comprehensive evaluation of the contemporary trends, multi-dimensional socioeconomic determinants, and legal frameworks governing juvenile offenders in Bangladesh. Grounded in criminological theories, this study examines the transitioning paradigm from the historical Children Act of 1974 to the statutory frameworks introduced under the Children Act of 2013 (Shishu Ain, 2013). Special analytical attention is dedicated to assessing the institutional efficacy of Child Development Centers (Kishore Unnayan Kendras), structural and human rights impediments within detention centers, judicial synchronization barriers, and systemic deficits in restorative diversion. Utilizing rigorous legislative scrutiny, domestic case precedents, and empirical datasets, this paper highlights that juvenile offending is primarily a symptom of structural institutional failure rather than individual deviance. The author advocates for actionable regulatory interventions, digital integration, restorative community policing, and robust compliance mechanisms to align Bangladesh's domestic juvenile framework with international child rights conventions.

Islamic feminism in Iran is defined as the radical rethinking of religious and sacred texts from a feminist perspective. This research aims to show how Islamic feminism developed in Iran and discuss the philosophical and epistemological foundations of different discourses influencing that movement. This study utilizes documentary research methods. It shows that central to the development of Islamic feminism is the development of the reformist movement in Iran. Reformists believe that employing justice in Islamic laws requires a novel hermeneutic interpretation of sacred texts that account for absolute equality in men’s and women’s rights. However, traditional and neo-traditional jurists present different interpretations of the notion of justice regarding gender relations. They believe that since men and women have existential and inborn differences, they hold separate rights and duties, especially regarding their social and family roles. Accordingly, two kinds of law are needed to r...

Isu keadilan terkait hak asasi manusia di Indonesia selalu menjadi topik penelitian yang sangat penting. Artikel ini membahas tentang hak asasi manusia dari sudut pandang Al-Quran. Kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam Al-Qur'an, hak asasi manusia yang mendasar disebut dengan 'Huquq Insaniyah'. Prinsip-prinsip dasar hak asasi manusia dapat dijelaskan dengan menggunakan tiga konsep: al-istiqrār, hak untuk hidup di bumi sampai mati. alistimtā', hak untuk mengeksplorasi sumber daya alam dan al-karamah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membahas ayat-ayat tentang hak asasi manusia. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan menerapkan teknik deskriptif analitis dalam mencari interpretasi dan pembahasan. Penelitian ini juga menggunakan metode penafsiran Maudhui ketika mencari kitab suci yang berkaitan dengan hak asasi manusia. Sedangkan tujuan formal kajian ini adalah ilmu Al-Qur'an dan penafsirannya, sedangkan tujuan materialnya adalah kitab suci hak asasi manusia. Hasil dan kajian tersebut menunjukkan bahwa hak asasi manusia telah ada sejak zaman dahulu dan kitab suci yang kami temukan sangat relevan dengan permasalahan yang ada, khususnya permasalahan hak asasi manusia. Kajian ini dilakukan oleh (Q.S.al-A'raf: 24), (Q.S.asy-Syu'ara: 183), (Q.S.an-Nisa: 58), (Q.S.al-Maidah: 32) sebagai berikut: Kami menyimpulkan bahwa keduanya saling berhubungan.Hal ini digunakan untuk menunjukkan bahwa seseorang harus mempunyai karakter yang adil, terutama dalam membela hak asasi manusia.

This article compares the Third Way agenda on issues of inclusion, citizenship and cohesion with the new focus in political and economic debate on issues of Well-Being and happiness. Essentially, we maintain that individualistic devices such as equal opportunities are artefacts of a political culture and a social order that runs counter to the achievement of 'trust culture' as defined by Stzompka (2002). Further, we argue that equality of opportunity is a feature of society that cannot be squared with trust, largely because it operates against a background of distrust and on the belief that society must be driven by wealth and property ownership. Our contention is that Third Way politics (the last bastion of Thatcherism) is in no position to drive British society towards a culture based on trust, and that happiness and collective Well-Being require economic relations to be subordinate to the interests of humanity rather than the other way around.

Екстрадиција је дуго времена била доминантни облик међународне кривичноправне помоћи, али се у великом броју случајева показала као недовољно ефикасан инструмент. Имајући то у виду, на подручју ЕУ је установљен Европски налог за хапшење као институт који треба да допринесе ефикасности у борби против савремених видова криминала и да олакша предају лица између држава чланица како би се на ефикасан начин спречило бекство осумњичених или осуђених лица. У том смислу, у раду ће се најпре дати кратак осврт на Оквирну одлуку Савета Европске уније, којом је регулисан Европски налог за хапшење, и извршиће се његова анализа, при чему ће се указати на предности и недостатке Налога. Предмет истраживања у овом раду је превасходно посвећен анализи пресуде Европског суда правде у предмету Aranyosi and Caldararu. Овом пресудом ЕСП су дерогирана поједина круцијална начела на којима је Налог и заснован, а посебна пажња посвећена је девалвацији начела узајамног поверења и начела узајамног признања судских одлука међу државама ЕУ, које иначе Савет Европске уније сматра "каменом темељцем" правосудне сарадње. Кључне речи: Оквирна одлука 2002/584/JHA, Европски налог за хапшење, начело узајамног признања судских одлука, начело узајамног поверења, заштита основних људских права. a Овај рад је резултат реализовања научноистраживачког пројекта Криминалитет у Србији и инструменти државне реакције, који финансира и реализује Криминалистичко-полицијска академија у Београду, циклус научних истраживања 2015-2019. године.

For a long time, extradition has been a dominant form of international mutual legal assistance, but in many cases it has proven to be an insufficiently efficient instrument. Having that in mind, on the territory of the European Union, a European arrest warrant has been established as an institute that should contribute to the effectiveness of combating modern crime and facilitate the surrender of persons between member states in order to effectively prevent the escape of suspects or convicted persons. Regarding this, the Article will first give a brief overview of the Council of the European Union Framework Decision, which regulates the European arrest warrant, and will analyze it in order to define the strengths and weaknesses of the task itself. The subject of research in this article is primarily devoted to the analysis of the judgment of the European Court of Justice in the “Aranyosi and Caldararu” case. With this verdict, the European Court of Justice, derogates some of the key...

Restorative justice, when trauma informed, has a great potential to e¡ectively contribute to sustainable peace in post con£ict settings. An evidence based example of a programme illustrating such e¡ect is community based sociotherapy in Rwanda. This article documents what this programme has achieved in terms of restorative justice, following the closure of Gacaca, the community based justice system that was in operation in Rwanda nationwide from 2005 to 2012. In total, 155 respondents to 23 focus group discussions and 39 individual interviewees, including former participants of sociotherapy, leaders on sector and district level and government representatives at national level, participated in outcome studies that inform this article. The majority of respondents indicated that sociotherapy generates a process of genuine healing and reconciliation, resulting in peacebuilding at family and community level, as well as wider social change. The challenge is how to scale-up sociotherapy interventions without losing trauma informed characteristics.

This chapter proposes a dialogue between two methodological traditions: Latin American critical Participatory Action Research (PAR) and the dialogic-generative perspective developed by Dora Fried Schnitman. Drawing on a rereading of Orlando Fals Borda, the chapter argues that participation is not a technique or methodological strategy but a practical ontology that redefines the place of social actors in the production of knowledge. In dialogue with this tradition, the generative perspectiveinspired by Gergen's social constructionism, Bakhtin's dialogism, and the paradigms of complexity-understands knowledge as a relational and emergent process, produced in the conversational space between people. The chapter explores the differences and confluences between both perspectives through a systematic comparison: while critical PAR is rooted in the historicity of social struggles and structural transformation, the generative approach contributes a grammar of emergence oriented toward the co-creation of possible futures. The argument is illustrated through the author's own research experience with Caribe Afirmativo, a Colombian organization that produced thirteen LGBTQ+ memory reports for Colombia's Truth Commission (2020-2022). Through generative dialogues sustained with activists who participated in that process, the author shows how dialogue became a practice of political and epistemic transformation: the activists' accounts were not static records of the past, but acts of re-existence that opened collective horizons and strengthened organizational capacity. The chapter concludes with a proposal for a relational ethics of knowing, arguing that researching in contexts of violence entails listening before defining, decentering the researcher, affirming imagination as a political dimension, and tending to bonds as part of knowledge production.

Frequently, authoritarian regimes that perpetrate administrative massacres leave a mark on the past of a people's history, which has to be remembered and understood so that people can project its future with freedom. Considering that the transitional justice process can be an opportunity for emerging the memory of a traumatic past and of its horrifying events, this article intends to discuss the role of testimony (and testimonial truth) actualizing the right to truth and memory, questioning the principles and the forms whereby courts and truth commissions usually search for the factual truth; and outlining how testimony could be able to deal with the wounds of the past and their unrepresentability, exposing a truth that surmounts the facts. The examples explored in the article are from the Eichmann trial in Israel, the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) after Apartheid, and the Brazilian National Truth Commission (NTC) after the military regime.

Frequently, authoritarian regimes that perpetrate administrative massacres leave a mark on the past of a people’s history, which has to be remembered and understood so that people can project its future with freedom. Considering that the transitional justice process can be an opportunity for emerging the memory of a traumatic past and of its horrifying events, this article intends to discuss the role of testimony (and testimonial truth) actualizing the right to truth and memory, questioning the principles and the forms whereby courts and truth commissions usually search for the factual truth; and outlining how testimony could be able to deal with the wounds of the past and their unrepresentability, exposing a truth that surmounts the facts. The examples explored in the article are from the Eichmann trial in Israel, the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) after Apartheid, and the Brazilian National Truth Commission (NTC) after the military regime.

This article explores an early example of subordinate judicial practice in England and Wales in which we may see some issues that later appear in the relationship between informal justice initiatives (especially alternative dispute resolution) and the civil justice system. Broadly speaking, the paper looks first at the symptoms of systemic failure in the pre-1873 system which led to the creation of the Official Referee’s office. It then considers the relevant recommendations of the Judicature Commissioners and the reasoning behind such recommendation, looking at both the macro- and the micro-levels, before exploring the referees’ diverse jurisdiction which provided a creative foundation for the evolution of interlocutory innovation. The article argues that structural realignment of the court system by the Judicature Commissioners was not sufficient in itself to eradicate all its encumbrances, but it indirectly empowered the referees to eventually bring about revolutionary procedural...

RESUMO: A COVID-19 é responsável direta pelo aumento da litigiosidade de saúde, individual e coletiva, no Brasil e no mundo. O estudo tem como objetivo principal apresentar o projeto de pesquisa conjunto entre Direito, Medicina e Ética (Ufes e Fiocruz) para avaliar o impacto da COVID-19 no Sistema de Justiça e como os profissionais do direito e da saúde compreendem essa litigância e reagem a ela. Para alcançar tal objetivo, serão pesquisadas a quantidade e a qualidade da litigância desde o início da ocorrência da pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil, especialmente no Espírito Santo, com foco na litigância de saúde. A análise qualitativa levará em conta que em tempos de pandemia, o processo de tomada de decisões em saúde pública tem sido marcado por uma

Pound, who held a Ph.D. in botany but never earned a law degree, was a strong advocate of sociological jurisprudence. He cautioned against legal educators becoming "legal monks" and argued for training in sociology, economics, and politics to prepare a new generation of more capable lawyers and leaders. Id. Harding highlight in their article in this volume, the use of the terms "interdisciplinary," multidisciplinary," "cross-disciplinary," and "transdisciplinary" in legal teaching and practice has generated debate in recent years. See, e.g., Mary C. Daley, What the MDP Debate Can Teach us About Law Practice in the New Millennium and the Need for Circular Reform, 50 J. LEGAL EDUC. 521 (2002). Like Weinberg and Harding, our use of the term does not reflect any position on the debate; rather, we have used the term "interdisciplinary" in this project because it is the label most commonly used by our university to describe the courses and programs in this milieu, e.g.,

Weinberg and Harding, our use of the term does not reflect any position on the debate; rather, we have used the term "interdisciplinary" in this project because it is the label most commonly used by our university to describe the courses and programs in this milieu, e.g.,

дроздов о.М., д.ю.н., професор, адвокат, Заслужений юрист України, член апеляційної палати НаЗяВо, член комісії з питань правової реформи при Президентові України, член науково-консультативних рад при Верховному Суді та конституційному Суді України, магістр державної служби, почесний професор кафедри кримінального права та кримінології, міжнародного публічного права та міжнародних відносин Університет Барселони, Королівство Іспанія дроздова о.В., к.ю.н., доцентка, адвокатка, доцентка кафедри кримінально-правових та адміністративно-правових дисциплін Приватний вищий навчальний заклад «Міжнародний економіко-гуманітарний університет імені академіка Степана Дем'янчука», почесна професорка кафедри кримінального права та кримінології, міжнародного публічного права та міжнародних відносин Університет Барселони, Королівство Іспанія ковтун В.В., студент і курсу магістратури факультету адвокатури, член вченої ради, заступник голови студентського сенату з питань навчально-методичної роботи Національний юридичний університет імені Ярослава Мудрого, експерт з питань акредитації освітніх програм Національне агентство забезпечення якості вищої освіти У статті проаналізовано особливості міжнародного співробітництва у кримінальному провадженні з акцентом на забезпеченні прав людини в контексті права Європейського Союзу. Основну увагу приділено рішенню Суду Справедливості ЄС у справі № С-670/22 (30 квітня 2024 року), що стосується застосування Директиви 2014/41/ЄС про Європейський ордер на проведення розслідування. Метою дослідження є аналіз сучасних перспектив застосування права Європейського Союзу (далі -ЄС) для захисту прав людини і громадянина у кримінальному провадженні в аспекті міжнародного співробітництва. Предметом дослідження є рішення Суду Справедливості Європейського Союзу (далі -Суд, Суд Справедливості, Суд Справедливості ЄС) від 30.04.2024, справа № С-670/22 та інші міжнародні нормативно-правові акти щодо регулювання питання захисту прав людини. Аналіз останніх досліджень і публікацій показав, що відповідна тематика є недостатньо дослідженою на теренах вітчизняної науки, однак наявні певні успіхи. Визначено проблеми адаптації українського кримінального процесуального законодавства до стандартів ЄС, зокрема щодо ролі судів і прокуратури у процедурі міжнародної правової допомоги. Автори пропонують вдосконалити механізми правового регулювання, що сприятиме ефективності правосуддя в Україні в разі її членства в ЄС. Було висвітлено контроверсійність вітчизняної судової практики, запропоновано вирішення вказаних прогалин. Авторами були запропоновані власні ідеї щодо внесення змін до Кримінального процесуального кодексу в аспекті міжнародного співробітництва. Звернути увагу на проблематику визнання доказів недопустимими. Проведено детальний аналіз положення частини 6 статті 236 Кримінального процесуального кодексу, виствітлено її вади та невідповідність праву Європейського Союзу. Ключові слова: доступ до персональних даних, докази, екстрадиція, європейський слідчий ордер, право Європейського Союзу, міжнародна правова допомога, перехоплення телекомунікацій, прокурор, запит про міжнародну правову допомогу, судовий контроль. The article analyses the peculiarities of international cooperation in criminal proceedings with a focus on ensuring human rights in the context of European Union law. The main attention is paid to the judgment of the EU Court of Justice in case No. C 670/22 (30 April 2024) concerning the application of Directive 2014/41/EU on the European Investigation Warrant. The purpose of the study is to analyse the current prospects of applying the law of the European Union (hereinafter -EU) for the protection of human and civil rights in criminal proceedings in the context of international cooperation. The subject matter of the study is the judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union (hereinafter -the Court, the Court of Justice, the EU Court of Justice) of 30.04.2024, case No. C-670/22 and other international legal acts regulating the protection of human rights. An analysis of recent research and publications has shown that the relevant topic is insufficiently researched in the field of national science, but there have been some successes. The article identifies the problems of adaptation of Ukrainian criminal procedure legislation to EU standards, in particular, the role of courts and prosecutors in the international legal assistance procedure. The authors propose to improve the mechanisms of legal regulation, which will contribute to the effectiveness of justice in Ukraine in the event of its membership in the EU. The article highlights the controversial nature of domestic judicial practice and suggests solutions to these gaps. The authors proposed their own ideas for amending the Criminal Procedure Code in terms of international cooperation. Attention is drawn to the issue of inadmissibility of evidence. A detailed analysis of the provisions of Part 6 of Article 236 of the Criminal Procedure Code is made, and its shortcomings and inconsistencies with the law of the European Union are highlighted.

As it is known since the 19th century, the history and historian of the more developed scientific path in the frame of only the past and collecting and collecting information has been evaluated for Criticizing and analyzing the data with the method of scientific research and decreasing the information gained the value of its science in other sciences. In addition, orientalism and eastern works and products, as another phenomenon, proved the importance of eastern history and eastern civilizations by historical researchers and scientific and literary centers, but easternism is beyond that argument. open and can be done about the refineries and incentives in the activities of foreign and western orientalists that are evaluated and appreciated from the different poles but gradually the eastern field was getting wider and richer , part of the khurmani  The information collected and recorded by the Orientalists themselves was printed and published within the framework of encyclopedias, including the (Islamic Encyclopedia), which provides us with a source of rich information about the history and civilization of the people. Islamic and Eastern, which is involved in the dissemination of more information and knowledge about eastern history in general and the Islamic era in particular, is certainly part of what it is like in the Islamic era because of the development of historical writing and protection.  The information was available as original materials, sources, and detailed and accurate information records to benefit Western writers and researchers and make them the basis and raw materials available for writing and preparing The Ensclopedia of Islam.

In the years after the establishment of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949, most law on the Chinese mainland came to follow Soviet models. Later, the increasingly ideologised politics of Mao Zedong pushed law, on the books and in people's lives, progressively off the stage, culminating in the chaos and frenzy of the "Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution". After the demise of the Great Helmsman and the ouster of his satraps, styled the "Gang of Four", the ominous whimsicality of the "rule of men" (renzhi) was determinedly discarded in favour of more law-based governance (fazhi). This new course also suited the requirements of the government's development strategy which emphasised the massive attraction of foreign investment and international economic co-operation and trade. Domestic economic reform in turn generated growing numbers of actors no longer closely guided by central directives and who would thus need general norms to govern their behaviour in a nascent marketplace. As a result, PRC legislation during the decades of "Reform and Opening" since 1978 has produced a large body of laws, accompanied by a resumption of academic legal scholarship and the renewed emergence of jurists, in the revived judicial institutions and the legal profession. The multiplicity of actors in the marketplace and of individual choices in the private lives of Chinese citizens nevertheless remains enveloped in a political dispensation marked by one-party rule. This dichotomy, of continued socio-economic diversification and a unicoloured body politic permeates evolving law-based governance (fazhi) in the PRC. Much of this dichotomy is not readily visible in laws on the books. The volume under review has therefore very aptly chosen to inspect Chinese justice from the bottom up, and from a variety of methodological angles, helpfully relying on numerous interviews with practitioners and users of law and legal processes. The book divides into three parts: Legal Development and Institutional Tensions, Dissemination of the Law in the Chinese Context, and Law from the Bottom Up. The enquiries into the development of legal institutions and the influence on them by social conditions both before 1949 and during the Mao era of the PRC reveal rich seams of heritage informing present-day structures. The interplay of personnel administration and its system of rewards and sanctions in regard to judges and the meandering policies on the use of mediation rather that adjudication illustrate the variety of political forces tugging at law and legal procedures. A detailed survey of slowly expanding inclusion of constitutional considerations in juridical argument traces the floating wisps of a fluid legal dance of as yet uncertain direction by which citizens' rights enshrined in the PRC constition are being instilled into concrete legal relationships. The legal -and political -dynamics of China's "Reform and Opening" era are vividly brought to life in the papers assembled in this book.

O presente trabalho propõe uma análise da filosofia do Bem Viver como uma alternativa ao paradigma da vida contemporânea, que passa por um distanciamento do ser humano em relação à natureza, centrado no uso abusivo da mesma. Não é apenas uma crítica ao sistema capitalista e ao modelo ocidental, que se pretendem universais, mas também uma reflexão sobre as possibilidades que diferentes modos de vida já existentes podem oferecer, como os dos povos indígenas, que inspiram o Bem Viver e nos convidam a pensar em novos modelos de vida e relações, mais orientados para o respeito, a justiça, a solidaridade e a paz. A possibilidade do Bem Viver só pode ser conquistada através de um novo modelo de educação, que deve abandonar sua doutrina unificadora para se tornar crítica e libertadora. Para justificar essa proposta, uma análise do projeto educacional «Escolas de Bem Viver» do Equador é apresentada para mostrar que o Bem Viver não é algo irrealizável, mas sim possível.

The incorporation of restorative justice philosophy and practice has become a fundamental component in the research literature on juvenile justice. The prospect of reducing criminal offending by providing opportunities for offenders to take responsibility and develop genuine remorse for their actions, as well as opportunities for the community to reconcile with the offender and provide greater support for both the perpetrator and victim after crime is promising. Rooted in the ideological principles of restorative justice, the VIP (victim impact panel) is designed to bring offenders face to face with victims of crime in order to develop a better sense of the harm and suffering that criminal behavior causes its victims. The current study explores the effect that participation in a VIP program has on juvenile offenders' perception of their criminal behavior and their development of remorse and empathy towards their victims.

The incorporation of restorative justice philosophy and practice has become a fundamental component in the research literature on juvenile justice. The prospect of reducing criminal offending by providing opportunities for offenders to take responsibility and develop genuine remorse for their actions, as well as opportunities for the community to reconcile with the offender and provide greater support for both the perpetrator and victim after crime is promising. Rooted in the ideological principles of restorative justice, the VIP (victim impact panel) is designed to bring offenders face to face with victims of crime in order to develop a better sense of the harm and suffering that criminal behavior causes its victims. The current study explores the effect that participation in a VIP program has on juvenile offenders' perception of their criminal behavior and their development of remorse and empathy towards their victims.

The subject of the article is the 'just city' concept. Justice, greening and making cities productive in the long term are the main axes of the integrated development of modern cities. The main goal of the paper is to discuss and assess the degree of justice in the development of 66 Polish cities with poviat rights in 2010, 2015, 2018, and 2020. Based on previous research and available data, an aggregate measure of a just city based on a linear ordering method is proposed. For this purpose, an average value of variables was determined, which were normalized using the method of zero unitarization in dynamic approach. The analysis shows that between 2010 and 2020, there was an increase in the level of justice in urban development (the average yearly rate of change was 2.5%). Only seven cities recorded a decline. There was also a slight and decreasing variation in cities in terms of the urban justice. One can even speak of an equalization of inequality here.

A diez años de la entrada en vigor del Código Civil y Comercial de
la Nación (CCCN), la enseñanza del derecho privado en Argentina se
encuentra en un punto de inflexión. Este artículo propone una pedagogía
crítica que articula dos claves conceptuales: el trialismo de Werner
Goldschmidt y Miguel Ángel Ciuro Caldani, y la interseccionalidad desarrollada
en el campo de los feminismos y los derechos humanos. El
trialismo aporta un marco para comprender el derecho como fenómeno
complejo, en la interacción de hechos, normas y valores, mientras que
la interseccionalidad introduce una sensibilidad que visibiliza desigualdades
estructurales y desestabiliza la ilusión de neutralidad jurídica. A
partir de estas perspectivas, se analizan ejemplos del CCCN, se proponen
estrategias pedagógicas concretas y se proyectan desafíos futuros vinculados
a la digitalización, la justicia intergeneracional y las pedagogías
críticas latinoamericanas. La hipótesis central es que enseñar el CCCN
desde estas claves no sólo enriquece la comprensión del derecho, sino
que también transforma la práctica docente en un acto político, ético y
estético.

Abscisic acid (ABA) is a biologically active
substance that takes part in the various biochemical
and physiological processes in the plants. There is
currently limited knowledge about how these biochemical and physiological processes are triggered
and regulated by ABA. Dozens of receptors have
been described for ABA signaling but there is no
any information why does ABA have so many receptors and how they act at the molecular levels. In
this connection I would like to stress that not all
cell proteins conjugated with ABA necessarily can
be represented as hormone-receptors complexes. In
this paper I proposed that physiological processes
in plants are performed at molecular level by elementary chemical reactions (redox reactions) that
trigger the cascade of subsequent reactions and that
can be caused by various chemical and physical
factors. Gene keys (fragments of polynucleotides,
non-protein receptors) and gene locks (start fragment of genes) are also described.
Keywords: abscisic acid, free radicals, receptors, gene keys, gene locks

Conflict in African societies is generally perceived as a collective concern rather than an individual dispute, and as such, conflict resolution within the African worldview emphasizes the restoration of communal harmony and social relationships. This paper examines Julius Nyerere's philosophy of Ujamaa and the Nupe Traditional Justice System as African-centered frameworks that embed communalism and consensus in conflict resolution. The study explores the philosophical foundations of Ujamaa and analyzes Nupe indigenous justice practices as restorative approaches to peacebuilding. Using philosophical analysis and comparative case study methods based on secondary sources, the study adopts restorative justice theory as its theoretical framework, emphasizing reconciliation, repair, and reintegration rather than punishment. Findings reveal that Ujamaa promotes solidarity, collective responsibility, and human dignity, while the Nupe Traditional Justice System emphasizes eldermediated reconciliation, restitution (gyara), oath-taking, and spiritual sanctions as mechanisms for restoring social harmony. The paper argues that both systems challenge dominant Western adversarial approaches by prioritizing collective wellbeing, dialogue, and the repair of fractured relationships. The study concludes that African indigenous conflict resolution systems remain relevant for contemporary peacebuilding and recommends the integration of communal philosophies such as Ujamaa and Nupe justice into modern conflict resolution frameworks in Africa.

Rawls's contractualist approach to justice is well known for its adoption of ideal theory. This approach starts by setting out the political goal or ideal and leaves it to non-ideal or partial compliance theory to map out how to get there. However, Rawls's use of ideal theory has been criticized by Sen from the right and by Mouffe from the left. We critically address these concerns in the context of developing a Rawlsian approach to climate justice. While the importance of non-ideal theory for climate justice is increasingly being understood, its strategic and institutional importance for a Rawlsian approach needs further elaboration. We focus on the role of the Kantian conception of the reasonable and rational powers of persons in Rawls's work and show how this helps us to develop a partial compliance theory that focuses on the importance of institutions and strategic political action for achieving climate justice.

This paper develops principles for responding to climate change from the perspective of John Rawls' writings on justice. argues that principles of justice, in particular those for assigning basic rights and duties of social cooperation, should be selected from an ''original position'' as though by (imaginary) agents who do not know their position in society. This paper adapts Rawls' notion of original position and applies it to the international context required to address climate change. From this perspective it is argued the agents would endorse the current consensus not to allow global warming to exceed 2 °C. They would also find that rich industrial countries, having contributed disproportionately to the causes of climate change, should reduce their emissions faster than developing countries and they should help developing countries to adopt non-carbon energy sources, to adapt to climate change, and to recover from its harms. The paper proposes new institutions needed to carry out these obligations efficiently and effectively. Climate change is the greatest social justice challenge arising in the twenty-first century. John Rawls is the canonical political philosopher of the second half of the twentieth century. This paper considers the challenge of climate change through the prism of Rawls' ideas about justice. Rawls argues that to identify principles of justice to organize the basic rights and duties of social cooperation, we should imagine the choice is to be made by representatives who do not know who in society they represent-if they are rich or poor, male or female, black or white, gay or straight. From this perspective, which Rawls dubs ''the original position,'' he argues the representatives would select principles that maximize liberties consistent with equal liberties for all and that require economic inequalities to

Perkembangan zaman modern telah melahirkan berbagai pergeseran paradigma dalam struktur sosial kemasyarakatan, dan salah satu yang paling menonjol adalah munculnya fenomena otonomi reproduksi yang dikenal luas dengan istilah childfree. Secara konseptual, wacana ini merupakan sebuah keputusan otonom yang diambil secara sadar dan sukarela oleh individu maupun pasangan suami istri untuk tidak memiliki keturunan sepanjang sisa hidup mereka, meskipun mereka sejatinya memiliki kapasitas biologis reproduksi yang sangat sehat dan normal.

Perkembangan zaman modern telah melahirkan berbagai pergeseran paradigma dalam struktur sosial kemasyarakatan, dan salah satu yang paling menonjol adalah munculnya fenomena otonomi reproduksi yang dikenal luas dengan istilah childfree. Secara konseptual, wacana ini merupakan sebuah keputusan otonom yang diambil secara sadar dan sukarela oleh individu maupun pasangan suami istri untuk tidak memiliki keturunan sepanjang sisa hidup mereka, meskipun mereka sejatinya memiliki kapasitas biologis reproduksi yang sangat sehat dan normal.

Conflict in African societies is generally perceived as a collective concern rather than an individual dispute, and as such, conflict resolution within the African worldview emphasizes the restoration of communal harmony and social relationships. This paper examines Julius Nyerere's philosophy of Ujamaa and the Nupe Traditional Justice System as African-centered frameworks that embed communalism and consensus in conflict resolution. The study explores the philosophical foundations of Ujamaa and analyzes Nupe indigenous justice practices as restorative approaches to peacebuilding. Using philosophical analysis and comparative case study methods based on secondary sources, the study adopts restorative justice theory as its theoretical framework, emphasizing reconciliation, repair, and reintegration rather than punishment. Findings reveal that Ujamaa promotes solidarity, collective responsibility, and human dignity, while the Nupe Traditional Justice System emphasizes eldermediated reconciliation, restitution (gyara), oath-taking, and spiritual sanctions as mechanisms for restoring social harmony. The paper argues that both systems challenge dominant Western adversarial approaches by prioritizing collective wellbeing, dialogue, and the repair of fractured relationships. The study concludes that African indigenous conflict resolution systems remain relevant for contemporary peacebuilding and recommends the integration of communal philosophies such as Ujamaa and Nupe justice into modern conflict resolution frameworks in Africa.

When we raise the topic of crime and justice, people think of a wide range of things -murder and murderers, guns and knives, drug traffickers and addicts; Hoddle St, Queen St Strathfield and Port Arthur; car theft, burglary, rape and robbery; corrupt cops, soft judges, harsh prison officers, palatial prisons; juvenile delinquents, violence in videos and on the screen, deaths in custody, alcohol and crime; white collar crime, tax evasion, money laundering, organised crime; domestic violence, environmental crime; superannuation fraud, child abuse, -the list goes on and on. Australia is one of the safest countries in the world. Australians can go about their daily lives with little chance of their becoming the target of a criminal attack. But it does happen -and the prospect that it might happen worries a lot of people. And although most of Australia is comparatively safe, the incidence of crime is much greater than it was 20 years ago. Criminal activity hurts and outrages people, and costs the community billions of dollars. * rehabilitation * deterrence (both in respect of the individual and society) A developmental approach works from the basis that law enforcement comes into play more to deal with offending, and less to prevent offending. The aim is to work cross-sectorally to turn potential future offenders into good citizens. If they grow up to be offenders behind bars they cost the community in the order of $50,000 p.a., not to mention the emotional and financial costs to the community in the course of getting them into prison; nor the likely social security payments after their release. Investing in appropriate developmental activities -primary health care, early childhood supports, education and training, is more likely to turn them into productive taxpayers. A third approach is to focus on policy research and to learn from inter-sectoral and cross-disciplinary research and demonstration projects. The task is to determine the causes and consequences of rule making, rule breaking, and rule enforcing. The task of policy analysis is then to integrate scientific evidence and difficult value judgments to recommend the best course of action, no matter how limited the available evidence. Debates on what the criminal justice system should do revolve around * prevention/reduction of crime * reduction of fear * punishment of offenders * rehabilitation /re-integration of offenders * compensation for, and assistance and support to victims * humane treatment of suspects/offenders * generating perceptions of fairness * containment of costs The challenge facing us is to harness our activities to ensure, at the end of the day, good policy for the promotion of justice and the prevention of crime, and a safer Australia. * * * * * * * * * * improving lighting in streets and car parks * reducing opportunities for offenders to conceal themselves * locating outdoor activities in sight of windows * increasing designated walkways * increasing pedestrian activities. Criminality prevention involves * family-based prevention: strengthening families and improving parenting * school-based prevention: enhancing the education of those most at risk of school failure, truancy and delinquency * community-based prevention: providing recreational, social, employment and housing opportunities, especially for young people

In an era of increasing inequalities, and also of deep anxieties about the consequences of two major economic crises, economists are faced with a major question: can economic growth be achieved without inequalities? Economic Growth and Inequality critically evaluates the economic literature on this question from a pragmatic perspective, seeking to reconcile those who regard economic liberties as a paramount value, and critics who object that prioritizing these liberties leads to inequitable outcomes. The book presents an overview of the models used by economists to define and measure inequalities and the ongoing dialogues between political philosophers and economists in an effort to find solutions to the problems. It explores Rawlsian justice, Sen's capability theory, and the theory of rent and compares and contrasts the most often discussed institutions and policies designed for remedying poverty and reducing inequalities. This book marks a significant contribution to the literature on some of the most pressing problems of our time and will be of great interest to readers of political economy, public policy, moral philosophy, and history of economic and political thought. Laurent Dobuzinskis teaches Political Science at Simon Fraser University. He has written on a wide range of issues relevant to political economy. His most recent contribution to the field is Moral Discourse in the History of Economic Thought (Routledge 2022).

ABSTRACTIn this contribution, we argue that post‐2010 activisms, ranging from the Arab revolts to the Occupy movement, the Indignados and anti‐austerity protests in Europe, and the pro‐democracy protests in Russia and Mexico, exhibit three kinds of commonalities. These are a common infrastructure of networks and meetings that facilitate rapid diffusion; a generational background shaped both by the precarity of paid work and by exposure to and participation in global information streams; and, most fundamentally, a shared articulation of demands and practices. We further argue that three interconnected concepts have been at the core of both demands and the identity of these movements: democracy, social justice and dignity. Flowing from these three shared values and practices, post‐2010 activisms also share a mistrust of institutional politics and a determination not to become corrupted by power, which run deeper than in previous generations of activists and which pose an ongoing chall...

This is an Opinion Statement prepared by the CFE ECJ Task Force on SECIL (Case C-464/14), in which the 5th Chamber of the Court of Justice of the European Union (ECJ) delivered its decision on 24 November 2016,1 following the Opinion of Advocate General Wathelet of 27 January 2016.2 The case concerned the discriminatory Portuguese taxation of dividends received by corporate shareholders from their subsidiaries in third states, namely in Lebanon and Tunisia. In a clear and instructive decision, the Court not only clarified the scope and impact of the Treaty provisions on the free movement of capital, but also the legal ramifications of the EuroMediterranean Agreements with Lebanon and Tunisia.

Penelitian ini mengkaji manajemen risiko keamanan informasi dalam investigasi forensik digital terhadap barang bukti aplikasi Telegram pada kasus penipuan online shop. Sifat bukti digital Telegram yang sangat rentan dan volatil mengharuskan penggunaan teknik live forensics menggunakan FTK Imager, yang secara operasional membawa risiko tinggi terhadap integritas data dan validitas hukum Chain of Custody. Untuk memitigasi risiko tersebut, penelitian ini mengintegrasikan metode Asset-Based Risk Assessment (ABRA) untuk mengidentifikasi 10 aset informasi kritis, yang kemudian dievaluasi menggunakan standar ISO/IEC 27005. Hasil analisis menemukan 3 risiko pada level Critical (seperti memory overwrite dan penghapusan jarak jauh) serta 7 risiko level High yang secara langsung mengancam pilar CIA Triad. Sebagai solusi, dirumuskan strategi mitigasi komprehensif meliputi isolasi jaringan menggunakan Faraday bag, implementasi prinsip dua investigator (four-eyes principle), penyusunan SOP baku, dan penggunaan write blocker hardware. Pendekatan terintegrasi ini terbukti efektif menurunkan residual risk ke tingkat yang dapat diterima, sehingga mampu menjamin validitas teknis sekaligus mempertahankan keabsahan yuridis barang bukti digital Telegram dari fase akuisisi hingga persidangan.

This study examined organizational conflict management practices in the Ethiopian Civil Service Commission with particular emphasis on conflict management policies, grievance handling mechanisms, workplace dispute resolution systems, major challenges, and implications for public sector management. Conflict is an inevitable aspect of organizational life, especially in public sector institutions characterized by bureaucratic structures, diverse stakeholder interests, and formal administrative procedures. When properly managed, conflict can enhance communication, improve decision-making, and strengthen institutional performance; however, when poorly managed, it may reduce employee morale, weaken cooperation, and hinder service delivery. The study was guided by the need to understand how organizational conflicts are managed within the Ethiopian civil service context and how such practices contribute to institutional effectiveness. The research employed a qualitative descriptive design based entirely on secondary data. Relevant data were collected from peer-reviewed journal articles, books, government policy documents, institutional reports, and academic theses related to organizational conflict management and public sector administration. The collected data were analyzed using thematic content analysis to identify recurring patterns and major themes aligned with the study objectives. The findings revealed that the Ethiopian Civil Service Commission has formal conflict management frameworks supported by civil service regulations, grievance procedures, and dispute resolution mechanisms such as negotiation, mediation, and collaborative problem-solving. These systems are intended to promote fairness, transparency, and accountability in handling workplace disputes. However, the study also found that the effectiveness of these mechanisms is constrained by several challenges, including bureaucratic delays, communication barriers, limited institutional capacity, inadequate training in conflict resolution, and gaps between policy design and practical implementation. The study concludes that strengthening organizational conflict management practices is essential for improving employee relations, organizational stability, and public sector performance. It recommends enhancing employee awareness of conflict management procedures, improving grievance handling efficiency, promoting alternative dispute resolution approaches, and integrating conflict management into broader public sector reform efforts. Overall, the study contributes to the understanding of conflict management practices in Ethiopian public institutions and offers practical insights for improving institutional governance and service delivery .