Engineering Product Design

The Department of Product Design Engineering at Universidad EAFIT (MedellA­n, Colombia) created the “China 2012” international project in order to experience the evolution that is currently taking place in China –“Made in China but Designed in China too”– and contrast this phenomenon with the Colombian case to see how can strategies be developed to support universities and industry, in order to better lead a culture of New Product Development. Different Product Design Engineering profiles participated in the project: undergraduate (8) and alumni (3), master students (4) and university professors (5). The project was structured around several strategies that included activities before, during and after travelling to China: academic lectures, visiting academic peers (Hong Kong Polytechnic University and Tsinghua University industrial design schools), visits to design companies and attending the Canton Fair and Product Design Centre. Finally, after each scheduled activity, ...

If the modern office produces and is managed through written documents or files, as Max Weber famously argued in his work on bureaucracy, then so too does the office -and increasingly the private citizen -destroy them. Enter the lowly paper shredder, a machine that proliferates waste and serves as the repository of carefully guarded secrets and confidential records, even as it is designed to eliminate the dregs of bureaucratic culture. Until recently, in the United States as elsewhere, paper was the medium of official state law. The 20th-century rise of the paper shredder and its paper trail, as we shall see, thus reveals the material, cultural and economic entanglement of written law with destruction and consumption, security, and privacy, not only in the U.S., it turns out, but worldwide. The trail leads from formal recognition of the paper shredder in a 1909 U.S. patent to its actual manufacture and development as a business machine in Germany twenty-five or so years later, from the shredder's role in defining political moments to its appearance in cartoons that confuse it with fax machines or legal counsel, and from regulations governing the disposition of records to industrywide 'certificates of destruction' that ensure against the dangers of snoopy dumpster divers.

This study exposes a significant stagnation in automotive safety legislation by comparing the UN Regulation № 13-H benchmarks with the performance of a 1970s-era vehicle (VAZ-2103). Analysis of historical data, validated by independent 1980s proving-ground tests and contemporary kinematic modeling, demonstrates that the current regulatory "safety floor" was already surpassed by mechanical systems designed over 55 years ago. While environmental standards (Euro 7) undergo rapid, aggressive tightening, minimum braking requirements remain anchored in the technological reality of the previous century. This analysis does not diminish the vital safety contributions of modern active systems (ABS/ESC). Instead, it challenges the adequacy of existing baseline standards. It posits that aligning regulatory minimums with actual technological potential is essential to ensure road safety evolves in lockstep with environmental mandates.

Keywords: braking performance, UN R13-H regulation, regulatory baseline,
Euro 7, braking distance, tire-road friction, vehicle dynamics, VAZ-2103

This paper presents the experimental foundation, methodology, and pilot data from an exploratory triangulation of front end engineering design activities with physiology data and psychological preferences. The aim is to gain more measurement control over engineering design activities by "opening the black box" of the designer's cognitive state (prevalent problem solving style and momentary cognitive load measured by means of physiology data) as he/she engages in different design activities (divergent engineering activity vs. convergent engineering activity). Ultimately, we intend to contribute to the design community's pressing need for design performance metrics that will allow the comparison of various engineering design activities. The aim is to understand and model the relationships between engineering design behavior (actual engineering activity), problem solving preference (individual psychological predisposition), and realtime physiological data of engineers (EEG, ECG, and other physiological telemetry data).

This book explores how design and engineering come together in contemporary practice. It presents Product Design Engineering as a way of thinking that connects technical knowledge with human needs, context, and responsibility.

The book is written for engineering students, educators, and practitioners. It brings together ideas from design thinking, technology, sustainability, and innovation. The chapters move from foundational concepts to systems thinking and future practice.

The emphasis throughout is on learning through observation, making, and reflection. The book is grounded in Indian realities while engaging with wider global developments. It is shared for academic and educational use.

As empresas brasileiras vêm demonstrando interesse em investir em design, percebendo-o como um elemento estratégico para a obtenção de vantagem competitiva. Sendo assim, este artigo objetiva mapear a estrutura e identificar fatores intervenientes da gestão de design em empresas brasileiras pertencentes à indústria do vestuário. Foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória, de abordagem qualitativa, com a aplicação de entrevistas em profundidade com quatro especialistas em design de moda. Como resultados, foi desenvolvido um mapa conceitual e elaborada a árvore da realidade atual (ARA), com base no processo de pensamento. Foi possível levantar conceitos relacionados à gestão de design bem como identificar a dificuldade de sua implementação nas organizações brasileiras pertencentes à indústria do vestuário. Ademais, por meio do desenvolvimento da ARA, foram identificadas e elencadas as prováveis causas, ou seja, os eventuais fatores intervenientes capazes de gerar o efeito da não ocorrênci...

This study explored how guided ideation can support concept initiation and development. We conducted a set of in-class activities in a junior-level industrial design studio at a large Midwestern US university with 20 students. Participants generated concepts individually while working on a previously defined problem. They performed a functional decomposition of existing concepts, then used a self-selected function to rapidly generate ideas in three stages over 45 minutes, supported by Design Heuristics cards. Through analysis of eight cases, we found that generated concepts were consistent with the originally defined function. The students ability to create a range of solutions increased over time, and concepts became more divergent through each of the three stages. Use of Design Heuristics changed, beginning as a tool for divergent concept generation (ideation), moving to a more mechanical transformation of existing concepts (iteration), and concluding with a broader, more evaluat...

Research supports the central role cognitive strategies can play in successful concept generation by individual designers. Design heuristics have been shown to facilitate the creation of new design concepts in the early, conceptual stage of the design process, as well as throughout the development of ideas. However, we know relatively little about their use in differing disciplines. This study examined evidence of design heuristic use in a protocol study with 12 mechanical engineers and 12 industrial designers who worked individually to develop multiple concepts. The open-ended design problem was for a novel product, and the designers’ sketches and comments were recorded as they worked on the problem for 25 min and in a retrospective interview. The results showed frequent use of design heuristics in both disciplines and a significant relationship to the rated creativity of the concepts. Though industrial designers used more heuristics in their concepts, there was a high degree of si...

This paper presents an analysis of engineering students’ use of Design Heuristics as part of a team project in an undergraduate engineering design course. Design Heuristics are an empirically derived set of cognitive “rules of thumb” for use in concept generation. We investigated heuristic use in the initial concept generation phase, whether heuristic-inspired concepts were carried through to later design process stages, and how concept synthesis within each team’s design process related to heuristic use. The results reveal widespread use of Design Heuristics among the concepts generated by individuals and selected by teams for further development, and a prevalence of concept synthesis within approximately half of the observed teams’ design processes.

When developing a marketing strategy for coal industry products, it's important to conduct a series of studies, including surveys, to clarify the environment in which the coal mining industry operates, so that appropriate and cost-effective steps can be taken.

This paper describes remote timing techniques based on TCP/IP intrinsic operation and options.
The techniques are used for careful observation of the TCP/IP data stream, to detect timing differences in the operation of the remote application, and relate them to selected data and/or phenomena.

Design Science is the discipline that studies the creation of artifacts - products, services, and systems and their embedding in our physical, virtual, psychological, economic, and social environments. This editorial is a collective effort of the Design Science Journal's editorial board members, past and present. The journal's inaugural 2015 editorial, "Design Science: Why, What and How," reflected the thoughts and vision of that first editorial board for the new journal and the discipline it represented. The present contribution offers the reflections of editors who served the journal in the past 10 years. The individual contributions were not primed and are presented here unedited for conformity or consistency. Differently from the 2015 editorial, there is no effort to synthesize the individual contributions, leaving the task to our readers, who can draw their own conclusions about the Design Science Journal and community accomplishments to date, and the challenges ahead.

This study evaluated a developed book in Probability. The contents of the book were based on the syllabus on Math 110ED which is in accordance with the standard set by the Commission on Higher Education of the Philippines for Education students taking up Probability. The book was checked and evaluated by eight (8) mathematics experts and assessed by 45 Bachelor of Education Students. The researcher made the book very simple yet activity-based using the learning objectives of the syllabus utilized in the College of Education. The researcher also made a program of work in the development of the book which catered to the needs of the learners in learning concepts and mathematics skills. The book was comprised of counting techniques, fundamental counting principles, permutations, combinations, and probabilities. All were presented in words and narrative form and represented by formulas followed by simplified examples and learning activities and exercises at the end of each chapter. The researcher gave importance to these learning activities and exercises because these are proven to be effective in enhancing the interests, critical thinking and problemsolving skills of the learners. The book was designed to be used in a lecture situation. Since education students will utilize the book, the principles and application of the activities are applied in relation to their field and to help them pass their board exam. The researcher also introduced his invented shortcut techniques in solving some probability problems to make the presentation of the book interesting to the learners.The study revealed that the book was prepared and developed systematically and passed through the necessary stages before its finalization. It was rated "very satisfactory" by mathematics experts and students regarding its: relevance of contents; adequacy of scope; and appropriateness of teaching procedures and therefore, it is acceptable for classroom use. However, the evaluators suggested that learning activities, images and pictures presented in the book should be enhanced and be improved to increase its suitability to the learners.Comments of the experts were incorporated into the manuscript and its final copy was checked by the book writers leading to a quality activity-based book in Probability. The developed book was named "FORTUITOUS".

In recent years, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in product design processes has revolutionized the way industries innovate and create consumercentric products. Traditionally, product design has relied heavily on human creativity and intuition. The advent of AI offers a plethora of functionalities that significantly enhance the designer's capabilities. This paper delves into how supportive AI tools are in product design process. We formulate four research questions and introduce AI in product design and then present a list of main AI tools in product design. The usage of these AI tools is discussed. The product design process showing AI tools in product design process and the methodology to generate product design using AI is presented. The traits of human design over AI in product design are presented. Further, the challenges and limitations of using AI in product design are enlisted. Lastly, the implications for the future of product design using AI are discussed.

This paper discusses advent of the Screenless display which is an emerging new technology , has become a good prospect in the near future for a wide range of applications. As the name implies it deals with the display of several things without the use of screens using projector. It involves the following 3 different working principles. The Visual image, Virtual retinal display, Synaptic interface. This paper mainly illustrates and demonstrates how the screen less displays works and its applications in various fields of science. This technology would bring about the revolution in the field of displays and monitors that are costly, huge and are proven difficult to manage the power requirements and constraints. It is also the futuristic technological innovation.

The paper presents a system for simulating surfing in Virtual Reality (VR), emphasizing the recreation of aquatic motions and user-initiated propulsive forces using a 6-Degree of Freedom (DoF) motion platform. We present an algorithmic approach to accurately render surfboard kinematics and interactive paddling dynamics, validated through experimental evaluation with N = 17 participants. Results indicate that the system effectively reproduces various acceleration levels, the perception of which is independent of users’ body posture. We additionally found that the presence of ocean ripples amplifies the perception of acceleration. This system aims to enhance the realism and interactivity of VR surfing, laying a foundation for future advancements in surf therapy and interactive aquatic VR experiences.

Klasik atama problemi, her işin n ajandan sadece birisine toplam maliyeti enküçükleyecek şekilde atanması problemidir. Bu problemde her ajana sadece bir iş atanabilmektedir. Genelleştirilmiş Atama Probleminde (GAP) ise bir ajana birden çok iş atanabilmektedir ve ajanların kapasitesi vardır. Bu çalışmanın motivasyon kaynağı bir seramik fabrikasının klasik döküm bölümünde yaşanan döküm kalıplarının müşteri siparişlerini geciktirmeyecek şekilde döküm tezgâhlarına atanması problemidir. Bu problem GAP’ın bir versiyonudur. İlgili işletmede farklı kapasitelere sahip tezgâhlar vardır ve her kalıp her tezgâha atanamamaktadır. Ele alınan problemin çözümü için bir matematiksel model önerilmiştir. Büyük boyutlu problemlerin önerilen matematiksel model ile çözülememesi nedeniyle bir genetik algoritma geliştirilmiştir. Geliştirilen algoritma ile çalışmanın gerçekleştirildiği işletmenin problemi çözülmüş ve elde edilen sonuçlar tartışılmıştır.

Modularization strategies should be planned along the life cycle of a product. Modular Function Deployment (MFD) is one of the best known methods, taking into account different stages of the product’s life cycle. However, it is not directly linked to particularities of different development projects. We propose an adaptation of MFD that takes into account different levels of complexity and novelty of each project. The adapted method allows to choose the set of stages and tools that best fits different combinations of complexity and novelty levels in a company’s project.

This paper describes a new method for supporting the design of inclusive products that has the potential to reflect better the needs of the user. The method is based on the notion of scripting derived from cognitive psychology. The scripting paradigm used entailed two ...

Modularity has been previously defined at the product and system level, however little effort has been applied to define and quantify modularity at the component level. We consider complex products as a network of components that share technical interfaces in order to function as a whole. Building upon previous work in graph theory and social network analysis, we define three measures of component modularity based on the notion of centrality. Our measures consider how components share direct interfaces with adjacent components, how design interfaces may propagate to non-adjacent components in the product, and how components may act as bridges between other components through their interfaces. We calculate and interpret all three measures of component modularity by studying the product architecture of a large commercial aircraft engine. We illustrate how to use these measures to test the impact of modularity on component redesign. Our results show that the relationship between component modularity and component redesign depends on the type of design interfaces connecting product components. Directions for future work are discussed.

Research in engineering design has revealed approaches and processes used by engineers to move through a design task. While studies have made evident general approaches in ideation, it is unclear how multiple and varied ideas are generated. When faced with a design problem, how do engineers generate multiple alternative solutions? How do they move from one idea to another? Research in psychology has shown that decision-making often relies on simplified cognitive heuristics. Heuristics are reasoning processes that do not guarantee the best solution, but often lead to potential solutions by providing a "short-cut" within cognitive processing 1 . Using a case-study framework, this research identified and categorized types of heuristics engineers used to explore potential designs solutions. Using a think-aloud protocol, five engineers with varying levels of experience were asked to develop conceptual designs for a solar-powered cooking device that was inexpensive, portable, and suitable for family use. Following the think-aloud session, the engineers participated in a retrospective interview designed to provide additional information on the sources of ideas, and their awareness of their own methods of ideation. The protocols were analyzed for evidence of heuristic use, and the relationship between heuristic use and the success of the designs. The results showed extensive use of a variety of design heuristics, characterized as process, local, and transitional in nature. However, the engineers in this study did not report conscious application of local heuristics, suggesting they were not aware of applying them during concept generation. Evidence for the utility of cognitive heuristics in the ideation stage is examined and suggestions for their use in engineering design pedagogy are provided.

Este artigo apresenta a experiência no desenvolvimento de novos produtos, realizada a partir de uma intervenção junto a uma indústria de pequeno porte autogestionária do ramo metal-mecânico. O relato aponta o processo de especificação e recomendação para novos produtos e a implementação dos resultados no contexto produtivo da empresa.Coloca-se em evidência que a especificação de produtos a partir da análise de uso e testes com protótipos extrapola as considerações baseadas na reação dos usuários. O designer deve estar preparado a considerar não só os aspectos técnicos do projeto, mas analisar em que medida seus conceitos e recomendações estão de acordo com a capacidade técnica e organizacional da indústria. A análise mostra como as recomendações de produtos foram geradas e como foram assimiladas durante o projeto, deixando claro a necessidade de uma conscientização integradora que permita reconhecer o profissional de design, não como o solucionador isolado de problemas, mas como parte de uma equipe multifuncional de projeto.

Injuries resulting from road transport are common in horses and are a potential welfare concern, as well as, a source of economic loss. An online cross sectional survey was used to determine the prevalence of road transport related injuries to horses in New Zealand and the association of human factors including demographics, industry background, training and the horse handling experience of the respondents with transport related injury. The survey generated 1133 valid responses that were analyzed using descriptive statistics, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. At least one injured horse was reported by 201/1133 (17.7%) respondents as occurring during the two previous years. Only 191 respondents chose to provide further information on when the injury occurred and most injuries (133/191; 69.6%) occurred in transit. The respondent perceived possible reason for injury was reported by 190, and was most frequently thought to be either horse-associated (87/190; 45.8%) or associated with a driver mistake (18/190; 9.5%). Variables that remained as significantly associated with injury in a multivariate model focusing on human factors were experience in horse handling, the industry sector, and the amateur or professional involvement with the horse industry. The odds of injury associated with professionals may reflect greater exposure due to more frequent transport and larger numbers of horses in their care than amateurs. Findings confirm that human factors are associated with the risk of an injury during transport. Although further studies are required to determine if any of these relationships are causative, education on transport best practices with consideration of these factors may mitigate their influence.

"ISP Log Management and Server Deletion Methods: Technical Guide and Application Booklet" offers an in-depth look at log management and data persistence, topics of critical importance in the cybersecurity world. This comprehensive guide, prepared by Selçuk Dikici, step-by-step explains the installation and configuration of key SIEM (Security Information and Event Management) components such as Logstash, Kibana, and Wazuh. In addition to practical applications like log analysis, correlation, SIEM alarms, and reporting, the booklet evaluates the persistence of digital traces left on Syslog, RADIUS, DPI, and database systems from a forensic computing perspective. Readers also learn why it is almost impossible to operate without leaving a trace in modern IT infrastructures and the potential legal consequences of log manipulation through this work. Covering effective log management principles and future trends, this booklet is an indispensable reference for operational continuity, security, and legal compliance.

Epoxy composites, in their pure form, generally lack strength, but this limitation can be overcome by integrating carbon fibre, a resource often discarded after fruit harvesting. The addition of carbon fibre, a sustainable and eco-friendly material, offers considerable potential to enhance the strength and resilience of the resulting composite. This study investigated the potential of reinforcing epoxy with carbon fibre to create high-strength composites. Carbon fibre, a sustainable and eco-friendly material, was added to epoxy in varying volume percentages (0-20%) using a hand lay-up method. The results showed that the epoxy composite reinforced with 20 vol.% carbon fibre exhibited superior mechanical properties, including increased hardness (55 BHN), impact strength (5.1 J), and thermal stability (15.0% mass residue). The composite also displayed a well-distributed fibre arrangement with minimal agglomeration and voids. These findings demonstrate that reinforcing epoxy with 20 vol.% carbon fibre can significantly enhance its properties, making it suitable for high-strength applications. The use of carbon fibre, a renewable alternative to fossil fuel-based products, offers environmental benefits and a sustainable solution for composite materials.

There are countless cases of cooperate and government espionage, identity theft, sensitive information leaks. This all led to the need for government agencies, private and public institutions and even private individuals to protect their sensitive information and prevent it from falling into the wrong hands. The act of discarding whole, readable documents containing sensitive information poses huge risks to an individual or organization, as these documents can be retrieved from a trash bin and the information they contain easily accessed. This has led to a number of identity theft cases, where a crime is committed using the information of an unsuspecting individual. Although advancements in information technology have resulted in electronic transmission and storage of information, a good number is still communicated via paper. This newly designed paper shredding machine utilized chain and sprocket in the power transmission which offers a high transmission efficiency unlike some paper shredding machines that used belt and pulley which cause slip and transmission losses. The machine architecture is very compact with ergonomically suitable features, and the performance is high. The shredding efficiency was 94%.Improvement on further work to improve the shredding efficiency is required.

This article presents the development of a slurry-jet erosion test rig and characterisation procedure for slurry erosive wear behaviour of elastomeric materials. Key parameters such as the mass of impacting particles, particle concentrations, impact angles, and slurry velocities can be set and controlled accurately by following an established measurement protocol. The results for slurry velocity, concentration, and temperature showed an excellent control using the test rig. The test rig was designed to maintain the slurry temperature change within ±2°C as required by BS/ISO 23529 and no additional cooling system is needed. Characteristics of silica sand particles in the slurry experienced very little change after several test batches in terms of average particle size, particle distribution, and angularity. Commissioning of the rig was carried out by evaluating erosion behaviour of polychloroprene rubber with the variation of mass of erodent particles and impact angles. The results showed that the developed erosion test rig and testing procedure were reliable for investigating slurry erosive wear processes of elastomers. Erosive wear resistance of different elastomers to slurry-jet erosion can be investigated under varied test parameters. The experimental erosion wear results were compared with calculated values using the theoretical models of cutting and deformation wear.

This article presents the development of a slurry-jet erosion test rig and characterisation procedure for slurry erosive wear behaviour of elastomeric materials. Key parameters such as the mass of impacting particles, particle concentrations, impact angles, and slurry velocities can be set and controlled accurately by following an established measurement protocol. The results for slurry velocity, concentration, and temperature showed an excellent control using the test rig. The test rig was designed to maintain the slurry temperature change within ±2°C as required by BS/ISO 23529 and no additional cooling system is needed. Characteristics of silica sand particles in the slurry experienced very little change after several test batches in terms of average particle size, particle distribution, and angularity. Commissioning of the rig was carried out by evaluating erosion behaviour of polychloroprene rubber with the variation of mass of erodent particles and impact angles. The results showed that the developed erosion test rig and testing procedure were reliable for investigating slurry erosive wear processes of elastomers. Erosive wear resistance of different elastomers to slurry-jet erosion can be investigated under varied test parameters. The experimental erosion wear results were compared with calculated values using the theoretical models of cutting and deformation wear.

This paper deals with finding the relation between modal natural frequencies change due to crack in shaft with respective crack depth and location. In this study we investigate relation among crack depth, crack location & natural frequency. Finite Element Analysis is done for single crack at different depth and crack thickness. The analysis results reveal, how modal natural frequencies decrease with change in crack size. It is known that when a shaft or structure suffers from crack or any damage then its dynamic property changes. The reason for this behaviour because of crack causes a stiffness reduction with an inherent reduction in modal natural frequencies which leads to the change in the dynamic response of the Shaft. Creo software is used for parametric modeling of Rotor Shaft as well as for static and dynamic analysis. Modal natural frequency was found to be decreasing with increase in crack depth and its width. This is new technology in Creo, so this study the FEA analysis is...

As a mechanism through which better solutions are developed, creativity is well-recognised as an important part of the engineering design process, but has to date largely only been studied in general or in early design process stages. This paper aims to study the occurrence of creative behaviour in engineering design with a particular focus on the later design process stages. Through the application of a detailed coding scheme to two studies of engineers' work, this paper identifies patterns in creative behaviour through the design process stages, creative approaches employed by engineers, typical types of creative task, and fundamental differences within creative behaviour between early-and late-stage design. This understanding is then used to form ten characterisations of engineer behaviour within late-stage design, early-stage design, and throughout the design process. These characterisations can be used to direct future research and to improve the design process and output through development of specific, effective design support methods, selected to be appropriate to the design stage and type of creative behaviour that occurs within.

Ph.D., Electrical Engineering), Dr. Jablokow's teaching and research interests include problem solving, invention, and creativity in science and engineering, as well as robotics and computational dynamics. In addition to her membership in ASEE, she is a Senior Member of IEEE and a Fellow of ASME. Dr. Jablokow is the architect of a unique 4-course module focused on creativity and problem solving leadership and is currently developing a new methodology for cognition-based design. She is one of three instructors for Penn State's Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) on Creativity, Innovation, and Change, and she is the founding director of the Problem Solving Research Group, whose 50+ collaborating members include faculty and students from several universities, as well as industrial representatives, military leaders, and corporate consultants.

The design process has evolved with the inclusion of technology, affecting the creative process. Digital media tools have become for design studios and educational facilities a setting for idea representation, development and communication within the design process. The evolution of digital media tools has shifted from two-dimensional applications to more diverse and flexible threedimensional scenarios. The inclusion of parameters as modelling attributes give designers new possibilities by which they can enhance their creativity and idea generation processes. The purpose of this study was to identify unexpected discoveries as milestones for creativity within two digital media tools; Geometric Modelling Environments (GME) and Parametric Design Environments (PDE). A protocol analysis study was conducted between the two digital environments to comprehend the design process. The level of creativeness of each design outcome was contrasted with the digital environment used.

Since the emerging of its idea circa four decades ago, Appropriate Technology (AT) had been proven as a comprehensive solution in a limited condition. However, practitioners & academia have different opinions with engineers on how an AT must be designed. Researchers had noted the crucial factors in the issue as such, and they gave a notion of the urgency for a dedicated design methodology for AT. This study, therefore, aims to provide it. Such methodology is developed by incorporating AT characteristics, fundamental issues in community empowerment, and the principles of existing design methodologies. The methodology emphasizes combination between bottom-up and top-down design approaches. It means that an AT must be started purely from local conditions rather than given technical specifications, and be given back to local people to be seamlessly integrated into their routines. It also underlines the crucial importance of community involvement throughout design stages. By looking at previous design methodologies that were developed based on pure Engineering Problem Solving (EPS), this study delivers a fresh and comprehensive one that covers surrounding issues and concepts to produce an AT based on the real meaning of technological appropriateness.

L’utilisation de l’huile de palme dans l’industrie agroalimentaire a suscite dans les medias une vive polemique. En prenant appui sur le modele des regimes de justification de Boltanski et Thevenot, cet article se propose de mettre en regard, d’une part, le discours employe par une des marques les plus attaquees, Nutella, dans ce contexte particulier de communication de crise a propos de l’huile de palme et, d’autre part, l’analyse des professionnels du marketing dans le secteur agroalimentaire, confrontes aux justifications produites par la marque Nutella. Cette recherche met en relief les differentes logiques d’argumentation utilisees par la marque Nutella pour se justifier aupres de ses parties prenantes ainsi que le jugement porte par les responsables marketing pour apprecier le travail communicationnel et marketing de cette marque. Cette double analyse revele comment le cas Nutella, conduit les responsables marketing a engager un travail reflexif a propos de leur propre pratiqu...

This dissertation embraces the issue of evaluating design concepts. Being able to sort out the potential "best solutions" from a set of solutions is a central and important part of the design process. The subject discussed in this dissertation has its origins in the lack of knowledge about design concepts, something which is characteristic of the initial part of the design process and which frequently causes problems when it comes to evaluation and selection of solutions. The purpose of this dissertation is to develop aids and methods that enhance the understanding of design concepts in the early phases of the design process. From deductive reasoning about the fundamental mechanisms of the evaluation activity, the work has been divided into three different areas: process and system modelling, concept optimisation, and identification of potential failures. Part 1 Theoretical Frame and Context Part 2 Results: Contributions and Applications Part 3 Appended Papers and Appendixes

The present work implements a virtual assistant to reduce the resilience of the graduates of the Faculty of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science of the National University Federico Villarreal at the time of carrying out the formalities of the academic degree of bachelor and professional title, its general objective is to determine If a chatbot will allow to increase the level of resilience in the students of the first year of studies of the Faculty of Electronic Engineering and Informatics of the National University Federico Villarreal, as the first specific objective it determines if a chatbot will allow to improve the leadership in the students graduated from the Faculty of Electronic and Computer Engineering of the Federico Villarreal National University and as a second specific objective to determine if a chatbot will improve motivation in the students graduated from the Faculty of Electronic and Computer Engineering of the Federico Villarreal National University. This pr...

Özet: Delik flanşlama, sac parçaların mukavemetinin artmasını sağlayan fonksiyonel bir işlemdir. Bu işlem aynı zamanda konumlandırma ve sabitleme uygulamaları için de kullanılır. Delik flanşlama işlemi, sac malzeme cinsi, kalınlığı, flanş profili, zımba formu ve ön delik çapı gibi birçok parametreden etkilenmektedir. Yapılan bu çalışmada otomotiv sektöründe yaygın olarak kullanılan DP600 sac malzemenin flanşlanması işleminde zımba formu ve zımba çapının flans yüksekliği ve et kalınlığına etkisi analitik olarak incelenmiştir. Analiz çalışmalarında DEFORM 2D sonlu elemanlar yazılımı kullanılmıştır. Sac malzeme üzerinde yapılan kimyasal analiz ve çekme testi sonuçlarından elde edilen veriler analiz programına girdi teşkil etmiştir. Analizlerde küresel, konik ve köşe kavisli olmak üzere üç farklı zımba formu kullanılmıştır. Delik çapı 10 mm ve zımba çapları 12, 14 ve 16 mm olarak alınmıştır. Analizler sonucunda malzemenin şekillendirilmesinde zımba formu ve zımba çapının önemli etkiye sahip olduğu, maksimum incelme ve flanş yüksekliğinin zımba formu ile doğrudan alakalı olduğu görülmüştür.

This paper discusses model making approaches in the design process and also classifies broadly the different types of physical models and prototypes. It also describes the fundamental principles of different methods of model making and prototyping and questions how they can be used in the conceptual and detailing design stages of the design process. The first part of this paper explains how physical model and prototypes are classified and why it is so important for gaining a better understanding of the designed product in terms of usability and technical functionality. The second part of this paper focuses more specifically on how these tools are helpful or restrictive in facilitating the creation of ideas, concepts and detailed design solutions following the various stages of the design process. Finally a user-centered and cost-efficiency design perspective will be discussed with respect to what extent models and prototypes are able to facilitate design changes throughout the different stages of the design process.

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to identify an innovative solution for the power transmission gearbox of concrete mixers, according to the specifications provided by the company.Design/methodology/approachA tailored systematic design approach (inspired to the German systematic framework) has been adopted to comprehensively gather the company specifications and perform in-depth design space explorations. Subsequently, an iterative embodiment design approach has been followed to identify the size of the components for the preferred concept, by using acknowledged mechanical design procedures and finite element analysis tools.FindingsAn innovative cycloidal gearbox has been developed, by merging the kinematics underpinning the classical cycloidal drives and the Wolfrom planetary gearbox. The resulting concept provides high reduction rates with a very high overload capacity.Research limitations/implicationsThe main limitation of the studies is the absence of in-depth evaluations usua...

The concept of novelty in terms of 'uncommonness' of ideas is one of the most considered in design studies. Accordingly, the metric developed by Shah, Vargas-Hernandez and Smith in 2003 (SNM) is still one of the most largely used. Nonetheless, it presents non-negligible and still unsolved problems when applied to realistic sets of ideas implementing heterogeneous numbers of attributes. This paper aims at identifying the roots of these problems and at proposing a refined assessment approach, capable to extend the applicability of SNM to any set of ideas. Generic boundary cases have been used to demonstrate the validity of the proposal, while its potential impact on the final novelty values has been estimated by assessing a real set of 100 ideas.

Fidelity is one of the most important parameters to consider when dealing with prototypes, which affect the related costs and performances. Current literature contributions often rely on generic definitions of Fidelity based on the concept of closeness. However, the review performed in this paper revealed that Fidelity is a more complex concept, which considers (at least) eight main dimensions, mutually interrelated, and potentially characterized by many other potential sub-dimensions. The identified set has been applied to an industrial case study were a real engineering prototype has been assessed in terms of Fidelity. In particular, the case study application shows how the different dimensions can be interrelated each other. Furthermore, some important research hints have been highlighted in this paper, where the identified set of Fidelity dimensions paves the way for the related future activities.

Designers usually spend non-negligible efforts in performing comprehensive design space explorations, but important information exchanged in conceptual design sessions is often lost, even about the rationale behind preferred solutions. As a part of a broader investigation concerning the impact of knowledge coming from previously performed design tasks, this paper describes an experiment aimed at assessing the impact on the design outcomes of two representations used to share existing design information. In particular, the authors compared a function structure, together with a morphological chart, against a hierarchically organized tree of problems and solutions. The design experiment has been performed with a sample composed by 35 engineering students, which have been opportunely subdivided in three groups. The experiment has been structured in three phases and acknowledged literature metrics for assessing idea generation effectiveness have been applied to assess the design outcomes produced by students. Obtained results show that providing information with the two investigated representations leads to potential advantages in terms of Variety of devised concepts. Moreover, additional analysis of the results highlighted that the considered representations led to different idea-generation paths.