Environmental Protection and Conservation

This case study aimed to assess the impact of particulate matter (PM) emitted by highway works in an ecosystem belonging to one of the most important Atlantic Rainforest remnants in southeastern Brazil. The study was conducted during federal highway works, comprising a toll station construction and lane widening. To the best of our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive study on air pollution and its impacts on Environmental Protection Areas (EPAs) in Brazil. Total suspended particle (TSP) samples were obtained from 2014 to 2016, totaling 1823 samples. Some TSP samples were chosen for ionic and elemental quantification. Daily concentrations ranged from 8 to 345 mg m-3. The TSP concentrations exceeded Brazilian guidelines (240 mg m-3), mainly during the federal highway works. The main determined elements Fe (50-2100 ng m-3) and Mn (3-30 ng m-3) were associated with soil origin. Trace elements (Cu, Co, Ni, V, and Pb), detected from 2 � 10-7 to 54 ng m-3 , and high NO 3-(2.4-8.3 mg m-3) and SO 4 2-(2.6-6.8 mg m-3) concentrations were correlated with vehicular emissions. The findings of this study indicate that Cd and Cu represent environmental risks, as they may compromise biochemical plant processes.

This case study aimed to assess the impact of particulate matter (PM) emitted by highway works in an ecosystem belonging to one of the most important Atlantic Rainforest remnants in southeastern Brazil. The study was conducted during federal highway works, comprising a toll station construction and lane widening. To the best of our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive study on air pollution and its impacts on Environmental Protection Areas (EPAs) in Brazil. Total suspended particle (TSP) samples were obtained from 2014 to 2016, totaling 1823 samples. Some TSP samples were chosen for ionic and elemental quantification. Daily concentrations ranged from 8 to 345 mg m-3. The TSP concentrations exceeded Brazilian guidelines (240 mg m-3), mainly during the federal highway works. The main determined elements Fe (50-2100 ng m-3) and Mn (3-30 ng m-3) were associated with soil origin. Trace elements (Cu, Co, Ni, V, and Pb), detected from 2 � 10-7 to 54 ng m-3 , and high NO 3-(2.4-8.3 mg m-3) and SO 4 2-(2.6-6.8 mg m-3) concentrations were correlated with vehicular emissions. The findings of this study indicate that Cd and Cu represent environmental risks, as they may compromise biochemical plant processes.

Seafood provides essential nutrients to the body. A study funded by CDC found that eating seafood for essential Omega-3 fatty acids can prevent 84,000 deaths each year. According to a Harvard study, 3-ounce servings of fatty fish a week reduces the risk of dying from heart disease by nearly 40%. Eating 8 two servings of fish per week during pregnancy can improve baby's IQ, cognitive development, and eye health. Older adults with the highest fish consumption live and average of 2.2 years longer. But all these statements possess another side of the coin. Food-born poisoning, mercury-leadarsenic-cadmium poisoning, exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) raised the issue of safety with aberrant consumption of seafoods. Seafood choices that are very low in mercury include: salmon, sardines, pollock, flounders, cod, tilapia, shrimp, oysters, clams, scallops and crab. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have developed the following advice to help consumers minimize risks that could be associated with mercury in seafood.

Growing concern on the various environmental problems has changed consumer attitude towards a green lifestyle at a global level. However, these changes are still in evolutionary phase, and yet can provide a strong competitive edge in terms of green products innovation. This study is basically exploratory in nature and has four objectives. The first, second and third objectives are to compare attitudes of Indian consumers towards the environment and green buying behaviour on the basis of age, gender and socioeconomic status. The fourth objective is to examine the relationship between environmental attitude and green buying behaviour. Result from study explains that there are no significant differences between genders in their environmental attitudes and green buying behaviour while there are significant differences due to age and socioeconomic status. The factor analysis further identified four major dimensions of the environmental attitudes, named as extremely high level of environmental concern, high level of environmental concern, extremely low level of environmental concern and low level of environmental concern. Result from Multiple linear regression analysis indicates that Indian consumer green buying behaviour is influenced by their environmental attitude. Cluster analysis is used to classify Indian consumer into five categories as Core Nongreen consumers, Non-green consumers, Apathetic green consumers, Light green consumers and Dark green consumers. This enhances our understanding for India green consumer behaviour while providing a tool to marketers in terms of analysing the market for environmentally friendly products.

Τι μας διδάσκει η μελέτη της ανθρώπινης συμπεριφοράς στον δημόσιο χώρο της πόλης σχετικά με τις ανάγκες και επιθυμίες των χρηστών; Πώς επιδρά ο υλικός σχεδιασμός των ανοικτών χώρων της πόλης στους ανθρώπους που τους χρησιμοποιούν – στην καθημερινή ζωή, τις κοινωνικές σχέσεις, την αίσθηση ευημερίας τους; Γιατί κάποιοι δημόσιοι χώροι ή αστικές περιοχές σφύζουν από ζωή και ανθρώπινη παρουσία ενώ άλλοι είναι έρημοι – και τι δείχνει αυτό για τον σχεδιασμό τους; Τα θεμελιώδη αυτά ερωτήματα συγκροτούν τη βάση της ανθρωποκεντρικής προσέγγισης, που έχει τις καταβολές της στις δεκαετίες του 1960 και του 1970, αλλά από την αρχή της τρέχουσας χιλιετίας έχει αυξανόμενη επίδραση στον πολεοδομικό και αστικό σχεδιασμό. Στο κείμενο αυτό γίνεται αρχικά μια αναδρομή στην ιστορία της ανθρωποκεντρικής θεώρησης. Στη συνέχεια δίνεται ο ορισμός και περιγράφονται οι βασικές αρχές της. Κλείνοντας, γίνεται αναφορά στην τρέχουσα ανάδυση της τάσης αυτής ως απάντηση στα πολλαπλά κρίσιμα ζητήματα της αστικής ανάπτυξης στην εποχή μας και δίνονται παραδείγματα αστικών παρεμβάσεων που απαντούν στη διαπιστωμένη ανάγκη να σχεδιάσουμε πόλεις για τους ανθρώπους.

Arundhati Goswami ,Dr KalyanSengupta, Dr Supriya Biswas and Dr SandipSengupta Research Scholar, Professor, Professor and Assistant Professor Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra Extension Centre, Southend Conclave, 4 Floor 1582, Rajdanga Main Road Kolkata -700107 India Abstract: Objectives: To identify the attitude and behavior of consumers followed by classification with reference to responsible consumption and green values. Proposed Methodology: Convenience sample of 250 Indian consumers segmented through Factor and cluster analysis, validated by discriminant analysis Key results: Indian consumers seem to be informed of environmental issues. The results show that most consumers agree to sustainable consumption but few are willing to practice green consumption ways. Implications: This paper unearths the similarities of consumer attitudes regarding environmental concerns and records the behavioral variations identifying two consumer segments. These hold significant implications for ...

This book explores how sanctity becomes a vehicle for national self-understanding in the Greek and wider Balkan experience of modernity. Centring on two emblematic figures—the Ecumenical Patriarch Gregory V (†1821) and the Metropolitan of Smyrna Chrysostomos (†1922)—it traces the emergence of the “ethno-martyr” and the “hieromartyr” as paradigms through which Orthodox communities articulated identity, memory and political aspiration from the late Byzantine legacy through the Ottoman centuries to the nation-state.

Combining theological, historical and sociological methods, the study examines synodal acts, liturgical texts, commemorations and public discourse to show how a “theology of events” took shape: one in which the saint and the fighter are perceived in dynamic relation. It situates the canonisations and their reception within debates on phyletism, autocephaly and the often fraught interplay of Church, diplomacy and politics. In doing so, it illuminates the parallel processes of sacralising the national and nationalising the sacred, and the ways in which sanctity functions as a moral resource for collective mobilisation and post-conflict meaning-making.

By following the theological justification of sanctity alongside the controversies it provoked, the book maps the mechanisms through which Churches and communities negotiate authority, memory and exemplarity. It offers a focused contribution to the study of religion and nationalism, demonstrating how the cult of saints can crystallise historical experience and furnish a repertoire of symbols and practices for nation-building in south-eastern Europe.

Ecosystems' activities have both direct and indirect effects on climate change and desertification which are twin environmental phenomena affecting human health and the environment on a global scale. Human activities mostly lead to climate change which in turn aggravates desertification and desertification also contributes largely to climate change. Both issues have serious impacts on the ecosystem health and sustainability. Climate change and desertification are global issues which country like ours, Nigeria cannot shy away from as vast majority of the fertile lands have turned to desert-like situations posing serious threats to food availability, water scarcity and species displacement which in turn can lead to poverty and conflict. These two issues require consensus efforts both from the government and the individuals themselves. It is worthy of note that despite various strategies put in place to fight climate change and desertification such as the afforestation and reforestation programs, the challenges still remain unsolved. This is partly due to the fact that, various individuals failed to play their parts and inefficient monitoring and evaluation schemes from the government to ensure the effective implementation of developed policies. This paper recommends that to effectively combat the issues of climate change and desertification holistic approach should be utilized involving community participation, climate-adaptive farming on the part of the individuals as well as strengthened institutional frameworks and sustainable land management practices and policies from the government.

Tο πεδίο της δόμησης αποτελεί ένα πολυπαραγοντικό ζήτημα, λαμβάνοντας διαστάσεις κοινωνικού προβλήματος, οι αιχμές του οποίου, στο μέτρο που συνδέονται με την προστασία του περιβάλλοντος και την διαφύλαξη της ποιότητας της ζωής των ανθρώπων, το μετατρέπουν σε ζήτημα τόσο νομικό όσο και πολιτικό.

Growing pepper extensively under rain-fed conditions is the oldest method of cultivation and widely accepted in most parts of Nigeria, yielding very high returns. However, its progress is hindered by the non-adoption of technology and efficient agricultural management practices, lack of information about soil conditions for cultivation, and inefficient radiation use by the crop. Reliable data specific to southwestern Nigeria for such practices is scarce. This research aims to evaluate the radiation use efficiency (RUE) and yield of chili pepper (Capsicum Annum) under rain-fed agriculture. To achieve this, an experiment was conducted on three different chili pepper plants transplanted with varying spacings: 40cm by 40cm on plot A, 35cm by 35cm on plot B, and 30cm by 30cm on plot C. Prior to planting, soil analysis was conducted to determine properties including pH, organic carbon, organic matter, and particle size. Evapotranspiration was determined using the soil and water balance method, considering rainfall, drainage, runoff, and changes in soil moisture. Agronomic and yield parameters such as plant height, stem girth, leaf area index, and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) were measured using a meter rule, vernier caliper, and Ceptometer (PAR sensor). Radiation use efficiency was calculated based on intercepted photosynthetic active radiation, leaf area index, and yield. Results indicate that the soil pH was measured to be 6.0, classifying the soil as sandy loam, which is suitable for chili pepper cultivation. Evapotranspiration was lowest in the 16th week after transplanting (0.37mm) and highest in the 11th week (41.18mm). In terms of yield and RUE, chili pepper plants on plot A, plot B, and plot C produced total fresh fruit yields of 2.45 tons/ha, 2.1 tons/ha, and 1.768 tons/ha, respectively. Radiation use efficiency was 1.297b±0.1487 g/MJ for plot A, 1.018ab±0.0316 g/MJ for plot B, and 0.902a ±0.0624 g/MJ for plot C. Significant differences were observed between these values (p<0.05). The results demonstrate a positive correlation between increased yield and higher RUE. To enhance chili pepper production, farmers can improve RUE by optimizing management practices such as adjusting plant spacing and plant density.

Eco-friendly means earth-friendly or not harmful to the environment. Eco-friendly products also helps to reduce air, water and land pollution. We can indulge in using recycled materials, using fewer resources, or outfitting products with eco-friendly packaging. There are many different types of eco-friendly products. Each one ensures a quality product that is beneficial both to its users and the planet. Therefore, these products are getting too much attention nowadays because they will not harm the environment and the quality of the product. The eco-friendly products acts as most important component for user's health and environment. Therefore it became essential to find out the extent of awareness among the homemakers about eco-friendly products available in the market. The present research was descriptive in nature. The data were gathered through questionnaire on a sample of 60 homemakers from Vadodara city selected through purposive sampling. The questionnaire contained two sections viz. background information and extent of awareness of the homemakers about the eco-friendly products available in the market. The findings of the study revealed that majority of the respondents were not aware about the consumer durable products like paper products, coffee cups, eco-friendly polythene bags, recycled/rechargeable batteries, lightings and paper cloth bags. The eco-friendly cosmetics like makeup remover pad, soap bars, wooden comb, makeup brushes, natural oil, facial kit, lip balm, kajal and eyeliner were not known to the respondents. The respondents were not aware about the eco-friendly ornaments like earnings, necklace, ring, anklets and bangles and also about eco-friendly medicines products like neem oil, amla capsule, ashwagandha capsule, Himalaya rumalaya and Himalaya brahmi. Few of the respondents were aware about natural balm, shatavar, bamboo nursing mask and dental floss in ecofriendly medicine. It also found that majority of the respondents were not aware about bamboo bottles ,toothpicks, edible spoon and glasses, plates, wooden tray, mitti terracotta cook wear, clay jug, glasses and bottles, wooden knife, bamboo straw, coffee cups, reusable bamboo spoon and fork, and reusable snacks bags.

The paper is an attempt to A study on Gender wise Apparel buying behavior .Gen Z is considered as the target group for the study as they are the consumers of this tech-dominated era. This study makes use of primary data collected through questionnaire from 417 respondents and SPSS software was used to analyze the result. Results show that that there is significant difference found in results of Levene's Test for Equality of Variances, when Equal variances assumed as well as Equal variances not assumed for gender wise impulse buying behavior of Gen Z, but there is no significant difference for gender wise impulse buying behavior of Gen Z when they go shopping with my family members. Paper considers only gender wise study can be treated as limitation of the study which opens doors for further scope of study. Education, income wise and other parameters can be studied by future researchers for Gen Z population.

El derecho real de conservación a la luz de la historia de la Ley N°20.930. Explicación general del origen, definición, elementos diferenciadores y naturaleza jurídica de este nuevo derecho real The conservation right in light of the legislative history of Law N° 20.930. General explanation of the origin, definition, differentiating elements, and legal nature of this new property right

This study aimed to determine the beliefs underlying household waste recycling in an adopted community in Barangay Galutan, Catarman, Northern Samar. Specifically, it aimed to find out the profile in terms of age, sex, occupation, monthly income, and educational attainment; determine the beliefs in terms of attitudinal, normative, and control; and find out the significant relationship between the profile and their beliefs. A total of 289 households were sampled using stratified proportional. This study employed combined method of quantitative using descriptive correlational and qualitative using unstructured interview and observation. Multiple regression through SPSS was used. It was found out that respondents were dominated by women and most of them were young, college graduates, self-employed and had low monthly income. Respondents averagely believed on the benefits and costs of waste recycling and highly believed on the influence of others to recycle. Only the control belief was significantly related to the profile of the respondents.

H αρχαία Κίσαμος βρίσκεται βορειοδυτικά της περιφερειακής ενότητας Χανίων κάτω από τη νέα κωμόπολη. Στα υστεροκλασικά και ελληνιστικά χρόνια αποτελούσε επίνειο της Πολυρρήνιας. Η ρωμαϊκή κατάκτηση του νησιού το 67/66 π.Χ. άλλαξε άρδην την εικόνα της Κισάμου, καθώς η πόλη χτίστηκε ξανά τον 1ο αι. μ.Χ. και το λιμάνι της απέκτησε σημαίνουσα σημασία για τη μεταφορά των προϊόντων και όχι μόνο. H ανάπτυξη της πόλης επιβεβαιώνεται από την οικοδόμηση «αστικών επαύλεων», πολλές φορές με δάπεδα επενδεδυμένα με ψηφιδωτά. Ενδεικτικότερο παράδειγμα αποτελεί η ανακάλυψη της «αστικής έπαυλης» στο οικόπεδο του Κέντρου Υγείας. Η πόλη ισοπεδώθηκε με τον ισχυρό σεισμό του 365 μ.Χ., που συντάραξε όχι μόνο την Κρήτη αλλά και άλλες περιοχές της Μεσογείου. Το 1984 ξεκίνησε η ανασκαφική διερεύνηση από την Εφορεία Αρχαιοτήτων Χανίων, υπό την επίβλεψη της αρχαιολόγου κ. Μαρκουλάκη, στο οικόπεδο που προοριζόταν για την ανέγερση του Κέντρου Υγείας. Οι πολύχρονες ανασκαφές στο μέρος αποκάλυψαν μεγάλο τμήμα της «αστικής έπαυλης», περίπου 1.800τ.μ., φέρνοντας στο φως ψηφιδωτά, αγάλματα, νομίσματα, κεραμική κ.ά. Το τμήμα του υλικού που θα παρουσιαστεί είναι η ρωμαϊκή κεραμική από το εν λόγω οικόπεδο, η οποία αποτελεί μέρος της εν εξελίξει διδακτορικής διατριβής μου. Σκοπός της παρουσίασης είναι η ανάδειξη για πρώτη φορά των εκάστοτε λειτουργικών κατηγοριών της ρωμαϊκής κεραμικής μέσω της δειγματοληπτικής παρουσίασης των χαρακτηριστικότερων οστράκων, που αποκαλύφθηκαν στον «τομέα Ι» της «αστικής έπαυλης» στο οικόπεδο του Κέντρου Υγείας Κισάμου. Συγκεκριμένα έχει εντοπιστεί επιτραπέζια κεραμική, όπως η ιταλική terra sigillata, η ερυθροβαφής κεραμική από τη Βόρεια Αφρική κ.ά., καθώς και ακόσμητα αγγεία. Εκτός από την επιτραπέζια κεραμική έχουν αποκαλυφθεί μαγειρικά αγγεία, αμφορείς και αγγεία για φωτισμό, για αγροτικές δραστηριότητες και για αποθηκευτική χρήση. Η παρουσίαση της ρωμαϊκής κεραμικής θα αναδείξει όλο το φάσμα των λειτουργιών μιας κατοικίας παρουσιάζοντας εκφάνσεις του ιδιωτικού βίου, ενώ παράλληλα θα δώσει τη δυνατότητα προβολής ενός υλικού που χρονολογείται πριν τον σεισμό του 365 μ.Χ.

The paper is an attempt to A study on Gender wise Apparel buying behavior .Gen Z is considered as the target group for the study as they are the consumers of this tech-dominated era. This study makes use of primary data collected through questionnaire from 417 respondents and SPSS software was used to analyze the result. Results show that that there is significant difference found in results of Levene's Test for Equality of Variances, when Equal variances assumed as well as Equal variances not assumed for gender wise impulse buying behavior of Gen Z, but there is no significant difference for gender wise impulse buying behavior of Gen Z when they go shopping with my family members. Paper considers only gender wise study can be treated as limitation of the study which opens doors for further scope of study. Education, income wise and other parameters can be studied by future researchers for Gen Z population.

Environmental damage usually comes back to development in one way or another and causes a development challenge. As the global demand for natural resources increases, human welfare and its implications relating to environmental degradation and exposure to environmental risks have caused many to lose their means of livelihood, triggering high level of poverty which remains a serious concern. However, globalization has played a central role in determining the future of the world. The role of globalization has proven to be essential to a nation’s ability to yield the maximum potential from its available resources. The maximization of those resources generally leads to the improved economic development of the nation; wellbeing of man and the sustenance of his livelihood are closely associated with the natural resources base. Consequently, there is a global concern for natural resources protection and conservation so that man can continue to sustain his livelihood. Part of the overall de...

Way Seputih watershed is one of the important watersheds located in Central Lampung Regency and is a source of waters both agriculture and industry. The occurrence of floods that occur during the rainy season is due to reduced forest cover that is converted to agricultural land and settlements. In the Way Seputih River many sand mining activities will have implications for the sedimentation process at the downstream of the Way Seputih River. The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of sedimentation using the SWAT model. To find out changes in land use/cover using the SWAT SUFI-2 analysis. Calibration and Validation are carried out to obtain the accuracy of the model. Model accuracy is measured using Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency values (0.58 and 0.62), and coefficient of determination (R2) (0.69 and 0.62). This condition is influenced by the runoff curve number (CN2.mgt) factor. Sediment prediction averaged 117,027 tons/ha in each sub-watershed. Good management is needed to ...

The late nineteen-eighties have been the occasion for a spate of birthday celebrations in law schools around the Commonwealth. This reflects the fact that the nineteen sixties saw an enormous expansion of legal education throughout the common law world, including the foundation of many new law schools, some of them the first in a given jurisdiction, country or region. The age of majority of a law school seems almost invariably to be set at either twenty or twenty-five years. Some institutions have marked their coming of age by publishing collections of essays that in different ways reflect on the past with pride or nostalgia or disillusion. Most view the future with apprehension, largely because of the economic crisis that faces higher education in nearly all countries in the English speaking world. Four recent publications exemplify the mood. The Faculty of Law of the University of Lagos, born in 1961, celebrated its anniversary with a collection of essays on Law and Development to...

This article reviews the origin, definition, differentiating elements, and legal nature of the conservation right in light of the discussions that took place in the corresponding legislative process. It explains the contrast of two visions that faced each other in that process and why the law finally adopted a ´post-modern´ model, thus giving rise to a new affirmative property right different from the conservation easements or real covenants found in comparative law.

The article is devoted to the study of the design features of tourist areas from the point of view of the development of ecotourism. Considering the high value of the natural area of Mount Livadiyskaya, the popularization of environmental knowledge, the promotion of the ideas of rational use of natural resources and the simultaneous increase in the modern tourist's need for "environmentally friendly" recreation, the chosen topic can be considered relevant. The aim of the study is to develop a project for arranging a tourist route for Mount Livadiyskaya in the Primorsky Territory. The research is based on the methodology of designing tourist areas using methods of actualization, system analysis, statistical analysis and modeling. The work also provides a calculation of the maximum load on the ecological route, taking into account the length, duration of the passage and the maximum number of people. Theoretical approaches to the definition of the term "ecological tourism", aspects of planning tourist areas are considered, and a conclusion is made about the relevance of tourism development in specially protected natural areas. The practical significance of the work lies in the development of a project for the arrangement of an eco-route on the territory of the Yuzhno-Primorsky park under construction. The developed design solutions can be used in the improvement, construction and reconstruction of tourist areas.

Η προστασία παρκών, αλσών και τμημάτων κοινοχρήστων χώρων που καλύπτονται από δασική βλάστηση εντός εγκεκριμένων έγκυρων σχεδίων πόλεως καθώς και περιαστικού πρασίνου,  εκπορεύεται εκ της αυξημένης Συνταγματικής προστασίας και από τις ειδικοτέρως ισχύουσες διατάξεις της δασικής νομοθεσίας. Σκοπός της παρούσας εργασίας ήταν να αναδειχθεί και να αποσαφηνισθεί το ζήτημα ότι οι επιτρεπτές επεμβάσεις στις εν θέματι εκτάσεις βάσει των κειμένων διατάξεων είναι συγκεκριμένες και εν γένει περιορισμένες. Ο κοινωνικός προορισμός του αστικού και περιαστικού πρασίνου, ως επιμέρους συνιστώσα της δασοπονίας πολλαπλών σκοπών, αντικατοπτρίζεται επί του αδήριτα ευεργετικού τους ρόλου στην καθημερινότητα των πολιτών, τόσο σε αισθητικό όσο και σε λειτουργικό επίπεδο. Σαφώς και υφίσταται η δυνατότητα βελτίωσης των κειμένων τεχνικών προδιαγραφών μελετών επί των εν λόγω εκτάσεων.
Λέξεις κλειδιά: Πάρκα, άλση, αστικό και περιαστικό πράσινο, επιτρεπτές επεμβάσεις.
Abstract
Protection of parks, groves, green spaces, parts of common areas covered by forest vegetation or not but organically connected to them, found in urban areas, as well as of suburban forest ecosystems, emanates from the increased Constitutional Protection and from specifically applicable provisions of greek current forest legislation. Social destination of urban green spaces and suburban forest ecosystems, as a component of multi-purpose forestry, is fully reflected in the enormously beneficial ecological, economic and psychological role in the daily citizens’ life, both on an aesthetic and functional level. Clearly, there are grounds of improving the standards of technical specifications for studies on projects and activities on the concerning the subject lands.
Keywords: Parks, groves, urban green spaces, suburban, permissible interventions.

Urban public spaces are a major factor for the upgrading of the quality of urban and natural environment, and a basic ingredient of urban sustainability and urban resilience, in national and local level. Their contribution to all forms of social, economic, political, environmental, urban and aesthetic quality urban living of citizens is multifunctional and multifaceted. At the same time, they lead to a qualitative upgrading of the inhabitants' living in cities and they are places for gathering a variety of activities carried out by citizens through their absolute access and accessibility to them.

Στην Αθήνα το μοντέλο της μαζικής κατοίκισης υιοθετείται από τα ανώτερα κοινωνικά στρωματά και εκφράζεται μέσω ενός μοντερνίζοντος και εν πολλοίς ανανεωτικού λεξιλογίου στη διαμόρφωση του νέου κτιριακού τύπου που συμπαρασύρει ολόκληρο το κοινωνικό φάσμα συμβολίζοντας την πρόοδο και την ευημερία. Αντίθετα η Θεσσαλονίκη δεν θα καταφέρει να αποδεσμευτεί από την εκλεκτιστική της παράδοση και το μοντέρνο γίνεται εικονογραφικό πρότυπο ανανέωσης του τρόπου έκφρασης της διακοσμητικότητας. Η αστική πολυκατοικία στεγάζει τους μικρομεσαίους και γίνεται γρήγορα προϊόν εμπορικής εκμετάλλευσης χωρίς απατήσεις ποιότητας. Ακολουθεί πρότερες μορφές οργάνωσης του χώρου κατοίκισης και η νεωτερικότητα που πρεσβεύει περιορίζεται σε μια επιδερμική αλλαγή του διακόσμου των όψεων που γίνεται γεωμετρικός

Development of the coastal area without environmental consciousness is disrupting coastline equilibrium, thus triggering erosion and accretion. This results in the obscurity of the border area due to coastline change. The objective of this study is to determine the original coastline of Semarang city and Demak district. The method used is remote sensing using Landsat satellite imagery data dating from 1984 to 2018. The results showed that the length of the coastline in Semarang and Demak border coast shows a continuous increase from 48.2, 57.9, 63.7, and 73.5 km in 1984, 1992, 2000, and 2008, respectively to 92.6 km in 2018, and the average annual change rate from 1984 to 1992, 1992 to 2000, 2000 to 2008, and 2008 to 2018 is 1.2 km per year, 0.7 km per year, 1.2 km per year, and 2.1 km per year, respectively. It was concluded that the current coastline condition of Semarang city and Demak district has had an increase of 29.8 km in length and shifted inwards by 0.5-2 km in 2000 – 201...

The study aimed to assess the dynamics of land use changes in the urban environment of Yenagoa City, Nigeria as to understand the changes, consequences and ameliorate the changes. Objectives of the study are to determine land use changes that are evident in the study between 1996 to 2020; identify and assess the causes and dynamics of the land use changes that are evident in the study area; ddetermine the consequences of land use changes in the urban environment of the study area; and provide physical planning measures to monitor, control and manage land use changes in Yenagoa City to promote the sustainable urban environment. The study employed a Mixed Methods Research approach of concurrent triangulation and longitudinal research designs for the collection and analyses of data in the study. The study also employed remote sensing technique, Geographic Information Systems, and time series analysis techniques to collect and analyse data for the study. Stratified and simple random sam...

Il progetto di un sito web dedicato ai beni culturali nasce nell'ambito del programma di ricerca nazionale Il progetto di conservazione: linee metodologiche per le analisi preliminari, l'intervento, il controllo di efficacia, cofinanziato dal Ministero per l'università e la ricerca scientifica e tecnologica. In questo articolo si illustrano gli scopi, gli obiettivi e le tecnologie che si vogliono mettere a disposizione per la miglior gestione e conduzione di questo progetto.

Way Seputih watershed is one of the important watersheds located in Central Lampung Regency and is a source of waters both agriculture and industry. The occurrence of floods that occur during the rainy season is due to reduced forest cover that is converted to agricultural land and settlements. In the Way Seputih River many sand mining activities will have implications for the sedimentation process at the downstream of the Way Seputih River. The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of sedimentation using the SWAT model. To find out changes in land use/cover using the SWAT SUFI-2 analysis. Calibration and Validation are carried out to obtain the accuracy of the model. Model accuracy is measured using Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency values (0.58 and 0.62), and coefficient of determination (R2) (0.69 and 0.62). This condition is influenced by the runoff curve number (CN2.mgt) factor. Sediment prediction averaged 117,027 tons/ha in each sub-watershed. Good management is needed to ...

Land subsidence is a common unsustainable pattern of land use on young sediment coasts worldwide, such as Semarang coastal area. The impact had already transformed its northeast area become permanently tidal flooded, damage in houses and streets, and economic loss. However, local government efforts are noticeably as band-aid measures, which can lead to further mismanagement in halting land subsidence. Given that, this research aimed to evaluate how the latest coastal spatial planning policy in Semarang responds to its geological hazards. This type of research is a content analysis of various spatial planning policy documents, coastal zoning plans, regional spatial planning, and strategic environmental assessment. The results show that, although land subsidence is already mentioned, no specific zoning plan or development programs were applied. Also, rather than creating more in-depth law in groundwater management or other activities that exaggerate land subsidence rates, the northeas...

This abstract provides a concise overview of an analysis conducted on the legal framework for environmental conservation in Bangladesh. The study explores the achievements, challenges, and future perspectives associated with environmental management in the country. The analysis encompasses an examination of the environmental challenges faced by Bangladesh, the importance of environmental conservation, and the role of the legal framework in addressing these concerns. It delves into the evolution of environmental laws, highlights notable achievements in environmental conservation, and identifies persistent challenges such as weak enforcement mechanisms, lack of awareness and capacity, deforestation, industrial pollution, and waste management issues. The abstract concludes by proposing future perspectives to enhance environmental conservation, including strengthening enforcement and compliance, promoting public participation and awareness, adopting sustainable development practices, integrating environmental considerations into sectoral policies, and fostering international cooperation and funding. The findings of this analysis provide valuable insights and recommendations for policymakers, stakeholders, and researchers involved in environmental conservation efforts in Bangladesh.

Trimulyo is one of coastal village in Genuk Subdistrict, Semarang City which now facing serious coastal abrasion. Such a thing has been causing loss of ponds and settlements. One of solution which currently carried is hybrid structure which combining permeable structure to break up the waves and trap sediment. The hybrid structure is designed as agitation dredging, which increase suspended sediment in sea water. The goals of this research were to studying the effectiveness of hybrid structure in handling coastal abration and to counting the volume of sedimentation during 20 months as well as rate of sedimentation. To reach the goals, high resolution satellite imagery year 2015 and 2016, scaled stick and sediment trap were applied to the study. Image processing was conducted by using Arc GIS 10.3 software. The effectiveness of hybrid structured was determined by series of field survey of existing condition. Rate of sedimentation measured during before and after hybrid structure built...

Examination of factors affecting consumer attitude is interesting area of area of research for the academicians and researchers. Understanding of consumer attitude and the factors which affect the attitude is very important for marketer and researcher that how consumer react towards durable goods. The objective of this study is to investigate demographic factors which may affect consumer intention. This study is based upon primary data collected from the help of questionnaire. Sample of 314 respondent living in different geographical area of Madhya Pradesh has been taken for the purpose of analysis. Questionnaire with seven point Likert scale and well-structured used to collect the data. Our finding indicated that significant impact of various demographical factors on the purchase intention of consumer.

This study was to analyze the determinants of revenue discrepancy in the Central Java province. The analysis tool used was panel data regression with fixed effect model method, using secondary data obtained from 35 districts of Central Java Province during 2010-2015. The results indicated that government expenditure and investment variable have positive and significant impact on income inequality in Central Java, while inflation variable has a negative and significant effect on income inequality in Central Java. In addition, economic growth variable and minimum wage of the region have no significant effect on income gap in Central Java

In present scenario, Environmental issues are seen worldwide. These issues are very crucial which includes; global warming, waste disposal, climate change, and pollution which influence daily lifestyle of not only people, but these micro-factors have indirect impact on the business environment of the companies too. Due to which many top corporates still hesitate to use green practices even after government compulsion. But some of the reputed companies such as Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd., Samsung, Suzlon Energy, Wipro Info tech have started molding their traditional business practices towards E-practices in their processes which helps in implementation of cost-benefit analysis, reducing cost and increasing efficiency through optimum utilization of resources. As quoted by McCarthy, traditionally marketing revolved around 4P's-Product, Price, Place, and Promotion but in the emerging revolutionary phase of today's Green Marketing scenario it is focused on three crucial P's-People, Profit and Planet. Thus, our approach will be focused on collaborating the traditional and green marketing practices and develop combined 7P's of green marketing.

Ecosystems in Nigeria are highly vulnerable to many adverse influences deliberate or inadvertent. The study examine the current status of the forest reserves in Kano State. Data collection was done using SPOT 5 (2012) satellite image of the area forest reserve and topographical maps were georeferenced in the Arc GIS 10.1 environment. Participatory Rural Appraisal Technique (PRA) was used to gather information on specie changes, dominance and available management practices using a purposive sampling technique drawn from the North central and southern Kano. The data were analysed in the GIS environment and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The result shows changes of the boundaries of the reserves which indicated
a reduction in the areal extents of the reserved areas, variation in tree species density, tree species type, management practices and human interference. Poverty, climate change and medicinal benefits were found to be reasons for encroachment. Parts of some of the reserves have been converted to farmlands for agriculture and settlements. Also, illiteracy and lack of awareness among the greater number of the populace around the protected areas their belief is that wildlife is gift from nature and is owned by everybody hence there is no need restricting its use. The study concluded that there are evidence of encroachment and loss of biodiversity in studied area and recommended for awareness on dangers of deforestation, proper monitoring and management of the reserve areas.

In present time the term green marketing is one of the most discussed issue . Green marketing is a phenomenon which has developed particular importance in the modern market and has emerged as an important concept in India as in other parts of the developing and developed world, and is seen as an important strategy of facilitating sustainable development. In this research paper, main emphasis has been made of concept, need and importance of green marketing. It explores the main issues in adoption of green marketing practices and its relationship to sustainable development. The paper describes the current Scenario of Indian market and explores the challenges have with green marketing. The paper also examines the present trends of green marketing in India and describes the reason why companies are adopting it and future of green marketing and concludes that green marketing is something that will continuously grow in both practice and demand.

"Πολιτιστικές κληρονομιές: Νέες αναγνώσεις-κριτικές  προσεγγίσεις"
επιμέλεια, Βασίλης Νιτσιάκος, Γιάννης Ν. Δρίνης, Παρασκευάς Ποτηρόπουλος, εκδόσεις Ars Nova,
Μαζί με συνεργάτες, αλλά φίλους πρώτα από όλα, συμμετέχουμε στη δημόσια συζήτηση για την πολιτιστική κληρονομιά τόσο στην Ελλάδα όσο και διεθνώς. Μιλάμε για τις πολιτιστικές κληρονομιές, στον πληθυντικό, για να αναδειχθούν οι συχνά ανταγωνιστικές εννοιολογήσεις του όρου αλλά και οι ποικίλες πολιτικές που συνδέονται με αυτές, που αναδεικνύουν όψεις του παρελθόντος, αποτελούν μια μορφή νέας πολιτισμικής παραγωγής που αρθρώνεται, μεταξύ άλλων, στις διάφορες πολιτικές ταυτότητας, στον τουρισμό, στις πολιτικές για την ανάπτυξη, στις δράσεις διαφύλαξης και ανάδειξης της λεγόμενης άυλης πολιτιστικής κληρονομιάς κ.ά.
Με κείμενα των: Βασίλη Νιτσιάκου, Ρόμπερτ Μπάρον, Παρασκευά Ποτηρόπουλου, Καλλιόπης Στάρα, Γεωργίας Κιτσάκη, Γιάννη Ν. Δρίνη, Βασιλικής Κράββα, Στυλιάνας Γκαλινίκη, Εσθήρ Σολομών, Ιωάννη Καραχρήστου, Άρη Αναγνωστόπουλου.

Tidal floods are among the destructive hazards to coastal settlements. In December of 2017, extreme tidal floods impacted 3, 500 houses in Sriwulan Village, Sayung District, Demak Regency. This research was intended to (1) asses the vulnerability levels of the residential buildings and (2) analyze the most influencing factors. The assessment was based on the scenarios built with a 150cm-high tidal flood, as observed during the 2017 event and projected for the subsequent five years (2022). The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Spatial Multi-Criteria Evaluation (SMCE) were used in four scenarios, namely, hazard, physical, environmental, and economic. The equal scenario was also developed as a comparison to the first four scenarios to achieve the second objective. Based on the physical, environmental, and equal scenarios, 22 houses distributed throughout most of the areas of Nyangkringan Sub-Village fell into the category of highly vulnerable. The most determinants of the vulnerab...